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There is one clinical trial.
Negative body image is an important public health concern for young people due to its prevalence and detrimental impact on young people's health, education, and social life. Encouragingly, a number of interventions have been designed to improve adolescent body image in school settings, with promising results. However, the vast majority of studies testing these interventions are conducted in high-income, English speaking countries, despite increasingly recognition that negative body image is a global concern. As such, it is important to develop and disseminate interventions to foster positive body image among adolescents in low-to-middle income countries, too. Research indicates high prevalence rates of negative body image among adolescents in many Asian countries. Indonesia - the focus of the present research - is an emerging middle-income country in South East Asia. A recent U-Report Poll (UNICEF, 2020) found almost 80% of the young people surveyed wanted to change something about their appearance, suggesting a degree of body dissatisfaction and approximately 50% stopped themselves from doing something that was important to them because of appearance concerns. Moreover, according to the same poll, over 90% of Indonesian adolescents surveyed reported to wanting to learn ways to improve their body image in school or online. To date, no body image interventions have been adapted and trialled in Indonesia. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate the effectiveness as well as the acceptability and feasibility of a specially adapted version of Dove Confident Me Single Session among Indonesian adolescents that will be integrated into UNICEF's Life Skills Education curriculum. Notably, the session has been designed to be feasible to deliver in low-resource schools (e.g., that do not access to the internet or facilities to show videos or PowerPoint slides). To assess the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of the intervention, the study will compare the body image and well-being of students who take part in the programme to students who do not take part in any programme (classes as usual). Investigators will also gather in-depth feedback from students, and teachers via focus groups and surveys, in order to inform future improvement of the programme for wider implementation. To undertake this project, the investigators will recruit students and teachers from approximately 10-15 state junior secondary schools in Indonesia via a local research agency. Students will complete questionnaire assessments of body image and well-being before and after programme period, and again 8 weeks later to assess longer-term benefits. COVID response: In light of the pandemic and schools predominantly providing online instruction rather than face-to-face learning, the study will take place online.
Description: Body esteem will be assessed using the weight and appearance evaluation subscales of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents & Adults (BESAA, Mendelson, Mendelson & White, 2001). Responses to the 18 items are on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Once the appropriate items are reverse coded, scores will be averaged with higher scores indicating higher body esteem.
Measure: Change in body esteem Time: Baseline; post intervention (1 week after the intervention) and follow-up (8 weeks after the intervention).Description: Internalisation of societal appearance ideals will be assessed using the general subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3; Thompson, Van Den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004). Scores will be averaged with higher scores indicating higher internalisation. Mean score range = 1-5.
Measure: Change in internalisation of societal appearance ideals Time: Baseline; post intervention (1 week after the intervention) and follow-up (8 weeks after the intervention).Description: Positive and negative affect will be measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Crawford & Henry, 2004). Scores on each subscale will be averaged; with higher scores indicating greater negative affect and positive affect respectively. Mean score range for each subscale = 1-5.
Measure: Change in mood Time: Baseline; post intervention (1 week after the intervention) and follow-up (8 weeks after the intervention).Description: Life engagement will be assessed using the Body Image Life Engagement Questionnaire (BILEQ; Atkinson & Diedrichs, Manuscript in Preparation). This measure assesses the extent that worries or feeling bad about the way you look has stopped you, or are likely to stop you, from engaging in life activities (e.g., going to a social event, doing physical activity, giving an opinion, going to school). Scores are averaged; with higher scores indicating greater avoidance of activities due to appearance concerns. Mean score range = 1-4.
Measure: Change in life engagement Time: Baseline; post intervention (1 week after the intervention) and follow-up (8 weeks after the intervention).Description: Two purpose-built items will assess participants' tendency to engage in appearance comparisons. Responses to both items will be on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Scores will be averaged with higher scores indicating a greater tendency to engage in appearance comparisons.
Measure: Change in tendency to engage in appearance comparisons Time: Baseline; post intervention (1 week after the intervention) and follow-up (8 weeks after the intervention).Description: Two purpose-built items will assess participants' satisfaction with their skin shade (i.e., the precise colour of their skin). Responses to both items will be on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Scores will be averaged with with higher scores indicating greater skin shade satisfaction.
Measure: Change in skin shade satisfaction Time: Baseline; post intervention (1 week after the intervention) and follow-up (8 weeks after the intervention)Alphabetical listing of all HPO terms. Navigate: Correlations Clinical Trials
Data processed on December 13, 2020.
An HTML report was created for each of the unique drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms associated with COVID-19 clinical trials. Each report contains a list of either the drug, the MeSH terms, or the HPO terms. All of the terms in a category are displayed on the left-hand side of the report to enable easy navigation, and the reports contain a list of correlated drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms. Further, all reports contain the details of the clinical trials in which the term is referenced. Every clinical trial report shows the mapped HPO and MeSH terms, which are also hyperlinked. Related HPO terms, with their associated genes, protein mutations, and SNPs are also referenced in the report.
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