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Name (Synonyms) | Correlation | |
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drug568 | Behavioral Activation SSI Wiki | 1.00 |
drug4194 | Supportive Therapy SSI Wiki | 1.00 |
drug5121 | patients COVID 19 Wiki | 0.71 |
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There are 2 clinical trials
We will recruit 216 subjects meeting the eligibility criteria. After completing a baseline battery session via secure video conferencing and 3-week phone survey period, adolescents will be randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 web-based single session interventions (SSIs) at a second secure video conference session. This second session for the intervention will take place within 2-3 weeks after the phone survey period. Immediately pre- and post-SSI, adolescents will complete a limited number of self-report questionnaires to index shifts in proximal outcomes. Participants, both adult and youth, will complete additional follow-up questionnaires 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention. Participants will complete the intervention, including the pre- and post- SSI questionnaires, and follow-up surveys on their own.
Description: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) 2 - short form (CDI-SF) is a reliable, valid measure of youth-reported depression severity, normed for youth age and sex and yielding raw and T scores.
Measure: Change in adolescent depressive symptom severity Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) 2 - parent form will be used to note differences in youth depression severity.
Measure: Changes in parent-reported adolescent symptom severity Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Parents will report demographic, family, and other background information (e.g. age, sex, gender identity, race, mental health treatment history).
Measure: Demographics Time: Pre-intervention only (sex, race); Pre-intervention, 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up, 18-month follow-up, 24-month follow-up (age, gender identity, mental health treatment history)Description: Youth will complete the Pubertal Development Scale, given effects of puberty on depression onset.
Measure: Pubertal development Time: Pre-intervention onlyDescription: The ACEs questionnaire will ask parents about their child's and their own exposure to violence, childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood.
Measure: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) for parent and child Time: Pre-intervention onlyDescription: Adolescents' self-hate will be assessed using the 7-item Self-Hate Scale (SHS). Adolescents will indicate the extent to which each statement is true for them (e.g. "I hate myself") on a 7-point Likert scale. The SHS is a valid measure of self-hate, with excellent internal consistency.
Measure: Self-Hate and related constructs Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Adolescents will complete the 99-item version of the IDAS-II. Respondents indicate the extent to which they had experienced each symptom "during the past two weeks, including today" on a 5-point scale ranging from not at all to extremely. The IDAS contains scales evaluating levels of Dysphoria; Well-Being; Panic; Suicidality, Lassitude, and Insomnia; Social Anxiety and Ill Temper; Traumatic Intrusions scale; and Appetite Loss and Appetite Gain; and Depression and Dysphoria. The IDAS-II is well-validated and nationally-normed for use with adolescents.
Measure: Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Given high comorbidity between depression and anxiety, adolescent anxiety symptom severity will be assessed via adolescent and parent reports using the SCARED: a reliable, valid, widely used youth anxiety assessment with analog parent and youth-report forms.
Measure: Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED) Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Youths' approach versus disengagement from rewarding activities will be assessed via the BADS, a 9-item youth-report questionnaire with strong reliability, predictive validity, and sensitivity to change following BA for adolescent MD.
Measure: Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS)-Short Form Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The SRET is a web-based behavioral measure of self-referent information processing biases that assesses judgements of self-descriptiveness, response latencies and free recall of emotionally valanced stimuli. Adolescents will make decisions about whether positive and negative adjectives are self-descriptive. Participants view various adjectives (26 positive adjectives, 26 negative adjectives) one at a time and make rapid judgments about whether or not each word presented described themselves following word offset. Participants will be told to use the Q or P keys on their keyboard to answer whether the word described them or not. Each trial will be followed by a 1,500 ms intertrial interval.
Measure: Self-Referential Encoding Task (SRET) Time: Pre-interventionDescription: The DRS-2 is a 9-item measure evaluating restrictive eating, bingeing, and purging behaviors in participants. 6 items ask adolescents whether or not they have engaged in restrictive eating, bingeing, or purging behaviors in the past year or in the past 3 months (0 = no; 1 = yes). The other 3 items assess the frequency of these behaviors over the past 28 days.
Measure: The Dietary Restriction Screener (DRS) Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Four items from a self-report version of the SITBI-SF will be used to assess each adolescent's lifetime history of suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and deliberate self-harm. The SITBI-SF is a widely used measure of the continuum of suicidality and self-harm and has demonstrated high test-retest reliability, high internal consistency, and moderate-to-high concurrent validity. Score range for this measure can range widely (per wide variation in instances of self-harming behaviors across one's lifetime); thus, we anticipate a minimum score of 0 and are unable to predict the top (maximum) score.
Measure: Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The SCSC is a 20-item scale measuring youths' perceived ability to shape the personal impact of objective conditions on oneself, by adjusting oneself to fit those conditions. Youth rate agreement with items reflecting various kinds of secondary control, such as adjusting cognition ("When something bad happens, I can find a way to think about it that makes me feel better"). The SCSC has shown acceptable reliability and validity in a large youth sample.
Measure: Secondary Control Scale for Children (SCSC) Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The Becks Hopelessness Scale (BHS) asks both parents and youth to rate 4 statements based on their sense of hopelessness. Participants rate the 4 statements on a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (Absolutely Disagree) to 3 (Absolutely Agree). Total score ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating greater levels of hopelessness.
Measure: Hopelessness Time: Immediately Pre- to Immediately Post-intervention; Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The Primary Control Scale for Children (PCSC) is a 24-item scale measuring youths' perceived ability to influence or alter objective events or conditions through personal effort. Youth rate agreement with statements about their ability to exert primary control (e.g., "I can do well on tests if I study hard"; "I can get other kids to like me if I try"). This PCSC has shown acceptable internal consistency, 6-month test-retest reliability, and strong inverse relations to adolescent depressive symptoms.
Measure: Perceived agency Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The IPTQ asks youth to rate the extent of their agreement with three statements linked to the malleability of personality, using a 1-to-7 Likert scale (e.g. "Your personality is something about you that you can't change very much." Higher summed scores on these three items indicate a stronger fixed personality mindset, a lower scores, a stronger growth personality mindset.
Measure: Implicit Personality Theory Questionnaire (IPTQ) Time: Immediately Pre- to Immediately Post-intervention; Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The BFAMG provides an overview of family functioning. Adolescents and parents rate 14 statements describing the family (e.g. "We feel loved in our family.") using a 0-3 Likert scale.
Measure: Brief Family Assessment Measure (General Scale) Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The MVPS is a self-report scale assessing adolescents' experiences of peer victimization. This study will include the social manipulation, verbal victimization, and physical victimization scales, totaling 12 items. Adolescents rate how often peers have victimized them in various ways in the past year (e.g. "called me names"; "tried to turn my friends against me").
Measure: Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The ULS is a widely used self-report scale of loneliness in adolescents. The brief 8-item version will be used here. Adolescents rate agreement with 8 items reflecting loneliness (e.g. "I feel left out"; "I feel isolated from others"). The ULS has shown adequate reliability and validity in adolescent samples.
Measure: UCLA Loneliness Scale Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: The BSI-18 is a valid, reliable screening tool for adult (here, parental) psychological distress. Adult respondents rate endorsement of 18 physical and emotional complaints on a 0-4 Likert scale. The BSI-18 includes 3 subscales for somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively. The total sum score yields an additional total distress score.
Measure: Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Parents will complete the Barriers to Accessing Care Evaluation at baseline, modified for use by parents. Parents rate the degree to which various beliefs, concerns, circumstances, and logistical difficulties have stopped, delayed or discouraged them from getting professional care for their child's mental health problem. Higher total scores indicate greater perceived barriers to care.
Measure: Perceived barriers to treatment Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: Prognostic Pessimism for Depression (PPD) consists of five short questions, adapted from previous research, that aim to quantify a participants' perception of depression as a fixed or malleable condition. Both parents and adolescents will complete the PPD. Questions ask how permanent participants expect depression to be, why, and what might make it less so. An analogous set of questions are posed to parents, who are asked to respond about their children.
Measure: Prognostic Pessimism For Depression Time: Pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 6-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 12-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 18-month follow-up; Pre-intervention to 24-month follow-upDescription: Adapted from CDC Item Bank questions, these questions ask parents about the effects of COVID-19 on their families. Questions ask about stress caused by the pandemic, coping, illness, and effects on other items such as finances, mental health treatment, and employment.
Measure: COVID-19 Items Time: Pre-intervention onlyDescription: The ESM surveys will include selected items from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a widely-used measure of adolescent and adult depressive symptoms. Items will assess symptoms that could plausibly shift in any 2-3 hour period. At the end of the final survey on each day, adolescents will be asked two additional free response questions: "What was the most pleasant event today?" and "What was the most unpleasant event today?".
Measure: Ecological Sampling Method Surveys (ESM) Time: Pre-intervention onlyMost mental health problems emerge by age 14, often leading to chronic impairments and adverse impacts for individuals, families, and societies. Any action-focused path to reducing the need-to-access gap will require moving beyond the dominant settings, formats, and systems that have constrained intervention delivery to date. In a fully-online trial, youths ages 13-16 will be randomized to 1 of 3 self-administered single-session interventions (SSIs): a behavioral activation SSI, targeting behavioral MD symptoms; an SSI teaching growth mindset, targeting cognitive MD symptoms; or a control SSI. The investigators will test each SSI's relative benefits, versus the control, on depressive symptoms and proximal outcomes such as hopelessness. Results will reveal whether SSIs that were designed to address behavioral versus cognitive symptoms differentially benefit adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms.
Description: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) 2 - short form (CDI-SF) is a reliable, valid measure of youth depression severity, normed for youth age and sex and yielding raw and T scores.
Measure: Change in adolescent depressive symptom severity Time: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: Four items from a self-report version of the SITBI-SF were used to assess lifetime history of suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and deliberate self-harm. The SITBI-SF is a widely used measure of the continuum of suicidality and self-harm and has demonstrated high test-retest reliability, high internal consistency, and moderate-to-high concurrent validity. Score range for this measure can range widely (per wide variation in instances of self-harming behaviors across one's lifetime); thus, we anticipate a minimum score of 0 and are unable to predict the top (maximum) score.
Measure: Change in Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) Time: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: Youths' approach versus disengagement from rewarding activities will be assessed via the BADS-SF, a 9-item self-report questionnaire with strong reliability, predictive validity, and sensitivity to change following BA for adolescent depression symptoms. The BADS-SF has two subscales, both of relevance to this study: Activation (goal-directed engagement in rewarding activities) and Avoidance (engagement in rumination and avoidance rather than active coping).
Measure: Change in Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale - Short Form Time: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: The State Hope Scale asks participants to rate 6 statements based on how they think about themselves right now. Participants rate the 6 statements on an 8 point scale ranging from 0 (Definitely False) to 8 (Definitely True). Total score ranges from 6 to 48 (3 to 24 for each of two subscales). There are two subscales for pathway thinking and agency thinking, respectively with higher scores representing higher total hope, pathway thinking, and agency thinking, respectively.
Measure: Change in State Hope Scale Time: Pre-SSI to Immediately Post-SSI; Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: 4 item version (BHS-4; referenced as 'How I Think Scale' in appended materials): This scale asks participants to rate 4 statements based on their sense of hopelessness. Participants rate the 4 statements on a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (Absolutely Disagree) to 3 (Absolutely Agree). Total score ranges from 0 to 12, with a higher score indicating greater levels of hopelessness.
Measure: Change in Beck Hopelessness Scale - 4 Item Version Time: Pre-SSI to Immediately Post-SSI; Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: The IPTQ asks youth to rate the extent of their agreement with three statements linked to the malleability of personality, using a 1-to-7 Likert scale (e.g. "Your personality is something about you that you can't change very much.") Higher mean scores (range: 1-7) on these three items indicate a stronger fixed personality mindset, lower scores, a stronger growth personality mindset.
Measure: Change in Implicit Personality Theory Questionnaire Time: Pre-SSI, Immediately Post-SSIDescription: The PFS asks youth to rate agreement with 7 statements indicating perceived acceptability of an SSI (e.g. "I enjoyed the program") on a 5-point Likert scale (1="really disagree"; 5="totally agree"). The PFS also assesses youths' open-response feedback on each SSI. A score of 3.5/5 or above on any given PFS item is interpreted as an "acceptable" rating on that item.
Measure: Program Feedback Scale Time: Immediately Post-SSI onlyDescription: Participants will be asked to report demographic information including age, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, primary language, school grade, race/ethnicity, sexual/romantic attraction, experiences, and orientation, and zip code. This measure will also assess mental health treatment history and pubertal status.
Measure: Demographic Questions Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: Immediately pre-intervention, participants will be asked to rate their perceived socioeconomic and social status using the two items from the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status-Youth Version. Respondents indicate where they see themselves on a ladder with 10 rungs (range: 1 to 10 for both items, where 1 = families with most money/education/jobs and youth with highest respect/grades/social standing; 10 = families with least money/education/jobs and youth with lowest respect/grades/social standing).
Measure: Perceived Socioeconomic and Social Status Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: The MVPS is a self-report scale assessing adolescents' experiences of peer victimization. This study will include the social manipulation, verbal victimization, and physical victimization scales, totaling 12 items (4 items per subscale). Higher scores on any given subscale indicate more frequent victimization of specific type. Adolescents rate how often peers have victimized them in various ways in the past year (e.g. "called me names"; "tried to turn my friends against me").
Measure: Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: The ULS is a widely used self-report scale of loneliness in adolescents. The brief 8-item version will be used here. Adolescents rate agreement with 8 items reflecting loneliness (e.g. "I feel left out"; "I feel isolated from others"). Higher summed-scores across all 8 items reflect higher levels of loneliness. The ULS has shown adequate reliability and validity in adolescent samples.
Measure: UCLA Loneliness Scale Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: The SRET is a web-based behavioral measure of self-referent information processing biases that assesses judgements of self-descriptiveness, response latencies and free recall of emotionally valanced stimuli. Participants make decisions about whether positive and negative adjectives are self-descriptive. Participants view various adjectives (26 positive adjectives, 26 negative adjectives) one at a time and make rapid judgments about whether or not each word presented described themselves following word offset. Participants will be told to use the Q or P keys on their keyboard to answer whether the word described them or not. Each trial will be followed by a 1,500 ms intertrial interval.
Measure: Self-Referential Encoding Task (SRET) Time: Pre-SSIDescription: The Expanded Everyday Discrimination Scale will be measured pre-intervention to gauge the levels of relatively minor, every-day, chronic discrimination experienced by participants. The original scale (Williams et al., 1997) asks participants, "In your day-to-day life, how often do any of the following things happen to you?" for 9 items (e.g. "you are treated with less courtesy than other people are") on a 5-point Likert scale (1= "never"; 6 = "almost every day"). These items assess the participant's observations about how others treat and act around them on a daily basis. The expanded version of this scale includes a 10th item, "You are followed around in stores." Scores on the Expanded Everyday Discrimination Scale range from 10-60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of chronic discrimination experienced by participants. Respondents are also asked to identify what they believe to be the main reason(s) for these experiences (e.g. gender, race, age, etc.).
Measure: Discrimination Time: Pre-SSIDescription: The GAD-7 measures the severity of clinical anxiety symptoms, based on diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. The GAD-7 includes 7 items asking respondents how often, during the last 2 weeks, they were bothered by each of 7 anxiety symptoms. Response options are "not at all," "several days," "more than half the days," and "nearly every day," scored as 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively; thus total sum-scores may range from 0-21 and average scores from 0 to 3.
Measure: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) Time: Pre-SSIDescription: Youths will self-report perceived family social status related to the COVID-19 pandemic began (ie current perceived family social status), along with which among several COVID-19-related challenges they have faced (e.g., parent has lost job; school has closed; less contact with friends; know someone who was sick with COVID-19; more conflict at home; feel bored/restless; other [free response]). Item choices will be adapted from those included in the CDC's publicly-available item bank for research on COVID-19.
Measure: COVID-19-related stressors Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: The Child Trauma Screen-Reaction Scale (CTS-RS) is a reliable, valid self-report measure of youth traumatic stress symptom severity, including event-related somatic symptoms, intrusive memories, avoidance, sleep problems, and mood and behavioral changes. For this study, instructions will read: "For many kids and teens, the COVID-19 (or 'coronavirus') pandemic has been scary or very upsetting. Sometimes, events that are scary or upsetting can affect how people think, feel, and act. The next questions ask how you have been feeling and thinking recently." Youth will rate 6 statements describing traumatic stress symptoms (e.g., 'strong feelings in your body when you think about COVID-19 (sweating, heart beats fast, feel sick)') according to their frequency over the past 30 days (Never/Rarely; 1-2 times in the past month; 1-2 times in the past week; 3+ times per week).
Measure: Change in COVID-19-related Trauma Symptoms Time: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: Disordered eating behaviors will be measured at pre-intervention and 3-month follow-up using The Dietary Restriction Screener. The DRS-2 is a 9-item measure evaluating restrictive eating, bingeing, and purging behaviors in participants. 6 items ask participants whether or not they have engaged in restrictive eating, bingeing, or purging behaviors in the past year or in the past 3 months (0 = no; 1 = yes). The other 3 items assess the frequency of these behaviors over the past 28 days.
Measure: Disordered Eating Time: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-upDescription: The ACEs questionnaire asks about exposure to violence, childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood. ACEs have shown robust associations with a range of adverse health and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan [yes/no]. Questions asked in this measure include: At any point since you were born… Did you often or very often feel that… No one in your family loved you or thought you were important or special? or Your family didn't look out for each other, feel close to each other, or support each other? Were your parents ever separated or divorced? Did you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic, or who used street drugs? Was a household member depressed or mentally ill, or did a household member attempt suicide? Did a household member go to prison?
Measure: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) scale Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: The BSTAD questionnaire asks respondents to report retrospectively on their personal and friends' tobacco and drug use over the past year the past year (yes/no), including questions about how frequently (in days) the respondent recalls using alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.
Measure: Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs (BSTAD) Time: Pre-SSI onlyDescription: Participants rate their perceived changes in levels of pre- to post-SSI hopelessness and ability to solve problems. The questions are: Compared to before doing this activity, to what extent are you feeling hopeless right now? (Response options: much more hopeless = -2; a little more hopeless = -1; the same amount of hopeless = 0; a little less hopeless = 1; a lot less hopeless = 2). Compared to before doing this activity, to what extent are you able to solve the problems facing you right now? (Response options: Much less able to solve problems = -2; a little less able to solve problems = -1; the same amount able to solve problems = 0; a little more able to solve problems = 1; a lot more able to solve problems = 2)
Measure: Perceived pre-to-post SSI change items Time: Immediately Post-SSI onlyAlphabetical listing of all HPO terms. Navigate: Correlations Clinical Trials
Data processed on December 13, 2020.
An HTML report was created for each of the unique drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms associated with COVID-19 clinical trials. Each report contains a list of either the drug, the MeSH terms, or the HPO terms. All of the terms in a category are displayed on the left-hand side of the report to enable easy navigation, and the reports contain a list of correlated drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms. Further, all reports contain the details of the clinical trials in which the term is referenced. Every clinical trial report shows the mapped HPO and MeSH terms, which are also hyperlinked. Related HPO terms, with their associated genes, protein mutations, and SNPs are also referenced in the report.
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