Primary Outcomes

Description: Abnormal lab data or newly appeared symptoms & signs were considered as AEs. Examined lab data: Blood cell count (WBC, differential count, Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), platelets), Chemistry (Cl, bicarbonate (HCO3), K, Na), Renal function test (BUN, Creatinine, Creatinine clearance), Liver function test (AST, Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), T.Bil, gamma-glutamyltransferase)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Viral loads were measured by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 20 and 28, if applicable.

Description: Viral resistance was assessed within 28 days after drug administration by detecting resistance-conferring mutation genes and compared to the value at baseline.

Description: Calculated as the number of days (mean) any persistent symptom lasted per patient as listed below. overall health, short of breath, chills, cough, diarrhea, ear pain, fatigue, fever, headache, hoarseness, muscle ache, phlegm, runny nose, sinus congestion, sneezing, sore throat, watery eyes, wheezing

Description: The number of participants with ICU admissions was evaluated.

Description: Only 5 patients had partial pharmacokinetic (PK) data available. Plasma concentration of oseltamivir was measured at several time points in one patient receiving neuraminidase inhibitor monotherapy. Plasma concentration of oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin were measured at several time points in four patients receiving TCAD therapy. Area under the time-concentration curve up to the last measured time point (AUC0-last) was calculated from the plasma concentration-time profiles by non-compartmental analysis.