Primary Outcomes

Description: To be administered at: Screening Evaluation & Endpoint 13 week exercise test sessions This 30-item structured interview is designed to assess both the 17 symptoms of PTSD and the 8 hypothesized associated features. The scale yields a dichotomous diagnosis of PTSD, and also provides a continuous score of frequency and severity for each symptom. In addition, a behaviorally anchored probe question is provided for each symptom to increase the reliability of administration. The CAPS-5 is currently in the process of being validated however its previous version demonstrated excellent sensitivity (.81) and specificity (.95).57

Measure: Change from Baseline: Clinician Administered PTSD Scale -5

Time: Baseline and endpoint (at 13 weeks)

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Description: The WHY-MPI has been demonstrated to be applicable across a variety of clinical pain conditions. Its brevity, validity/ reliability, self-report nature and ease of scoring make it ideal for both clinical and research purposes. The WHY-MPI is sensitive to change following rehabilitation. Please note only the interference subscale of the WHY-MPI will be administered in this study.

Measure: Change from Baseline: West Haven=Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory- Interference Subscale (WHY-MPI)

Time: Baseline, Midpoint (at 6 weeks) and Endpoint (at 13 weeks)

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Covid-19 infection rates in cannabis users will be compared to rates in the general population. Our online questionnaire responses will compare infection rates of cannabis users in this study against the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Research Center data (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu).

Measure: Prevention of COVID-19

Time: Five years

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Description: Severity of persistent symptoms in cannabis users testing positive for active infection and/or antibodies will also be compared to the general population. Patients will answer the widely used FLU-PRO questionnaire, which asks about flu symptoms and severity, to capture diagnoses, symptoms, and medical interventions related to COVID-19. The data from cannabis user patients will be compared with national and international data surveys, such as the Covid Symptom Study (https://covid.joinzoe.com/us-2).

Measure: Treatment of COVID-19

Time: Five years

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Description: The primary objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of medical cannabis as medicine for treatment of chronic pain and other chronic debilitating diseases. Pain will be measured by Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) numeric scale. Change from baseline in BPI will be assessed at 3-month intervals. For prospective associations between cannabis use and outcomes, use of a lagged mixed-effects models will examine temporal associations between cannabis use and pain severity, opioid sparing, and patient satisfaction. Data will be analyzed from baseline and the annual follow-up waves.

Measure: Treatment of Symptoms

Time: Five years

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Secondary objectives include evaluating increases or decreases in quality of life, and increases or decreases in concomitant opioid use. Satisfaction with treatment will be measured by a Visual Analog Score (VAS). Change From baseline in Satisfaction with treatment measured by (VAS) be assessed at 3-month intervals.

Measure: Cannabis Impact on Quality of Life

Time: Five years

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Description: Tertiary objectives will examine preferences for routes of administration, and preferences for THC / CBD ratios. Categorical factors will be summarized using frequencies and percentages, while continuous measure distributions will be described using means, standard deviations, and quartiles of interest.

Measure: Cannabis Route and Dosing

Time: Five years

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Description: Incidence of Treatment-Related Adverse Events will be measured by Physician Global Assessment (PGA) numeric scale. Number of participants with Treatment-Related Adverse Events will be assessed by CTCAE v4.0.

Measure: Monitoring Adverse Events

Time: Five years

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Primary Outcomes

Measure: Frequency of RA patients with emotional impact (feeling of isolation)

Time: maximum 1 week from baseline on

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Self reported questionnaire with questions to assess the characteristic,intensity of pain on quality of life, and consumption of analgesic.

Measure: self-reported questionnaire for painful

Time: maximum 1 week from baseline on

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Primary Outcomes

Measure: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire

Time: 1 week from baseline on

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Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Quality of life (SF36)

Time: 1 week from baseline on

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Measure: self-reported questionnaire for painful

Time: 1 week from baseline on

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Measure: qualitive questionnaire

Time: 1 week from baseline on

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Primary Outcomes

Description: To measure the levels of anxiety and depression Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), will be used. Patients have to score 14 opinions. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. A cut-off point of 8/21 for anxiety or depression has been recommended.

Measure: Anxiety and Depression

Time: Change From Baseline in HADS at 40 days

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Description: To measure quality of life, EQ-5D-3L will be used. The EQ-5D-3L essentially consists of 2 pages: the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 3 levels: no problems, some problems, and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results into a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state.

Measure: Quality of Life and overall health

Time: Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-3L at 40 days

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Description: The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity in adults and it will be used in the current study. The most commonly used is the 11-item NPRS. The 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable").The NPRS is a valid and reliable scale to measure pain intensity. In this study, will rate current pain intensity and mean pain intensity during the past 7 days.

Measure: Pain Intensity

Time: Change From Baseline in NPRS Scores at 40 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is an effective instrument used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in the older adult. PSQI will be used to assess quality and patterns of sleep in the current study. PSQI differentiates "poor" from "good" sleep by measuring seven domains: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction over the last month. The client self-rates each of these seven areas of sleep. Scoring of the answers is based on a 0 to 3 scale, whereby 3 reflects the negative extreme on the Likert Scale. A global sum of "5" or greater indicates a "poor" sleeper. Although there are several questions that request the evaluation of the client's bed mate or roommate, these are not scored, nor reflected in the attached instrument. An update to the scoring: if 5 is not complete or the value is missing, it now counts as a "0".

Measure: Quality and patterns of sleep

Time: Change From Baseline in PSQI Scores at 40 days

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Description: Patients' illness perceptions will be measured based on the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). The patient has to rate 8 statements on a 10-point scale (1-10). The higher the score, the greater is the extent to which the patient's illness perceptions are threatening him or her.

Measure: Patients' illness perceptions

Time: Change From Baseline in BIPQ Scores at 40 days

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Description: Disability will be assessed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) that present ten sections cover Pain, Personal Care, Lifting, Walking, Sitting, Standing, Sleeping, Sex Life, Social Life, and Traveling. Each section has six statements reflecting an increasing level of disability. Respondents choose the statement that most applies to them in each section. The first statement is scored 0; the second is scored 1 and so on to 5 for the last statement. The sum of the section scores is divided by 50 if all sections are completed and multiplied by 100 for the final percentage score.

Measure: Disability

Time: Change From Baseline in ODI Scores at 40 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Health-related quality of life reported by the patient assessed through the visual analogue scale of the EQoL 5D/5L questionnaire at six months after discharge. [European quality of life 5 dimensions/5 levels ; from 0 (the worst imaginable health) to 100 (the best imaginable health) ]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on health-related quality of life (VAS)

Time: Six months after discharge

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Health-related quality of life reported by the patient assessed through the visual analogue scale of the EQoL 5D / 5L questionnaire at three months after discharge. [European quality of life 5 dimensions/5 levels ; from 0 (the worst imaginable health) to 100 (the best imaginable health)]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on health-related quality of life (VAS)

Time: Three months after discharge.

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Description: Health-related quality of life reported by the patient assessed through health index of the EQoL 5D/5L questionnaire at three months after discharge. [European quality of life 5 dimensions/5 levels ; the questionnaire assesses quality of life in study participants according to 5 domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each scored according to a scale of 1 (no problems) to 5 (indicating extreme problems) and generating a 5-digit code corresponding to quality of life]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on health-related quality of life (Index)

Time: Three months after discharge

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Description: Health-related quality of life reported by the patient assessed through health index of the EQoL 5D/5L questionnaire at six months after discharge. [European quality of life 5 dimensions/5 levels ; the questionnaire assesses quality of life in study participants according to 5 domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each scored according to a scale of 1 (no problems) to 5 (indicating extreme problems) and generating a 5-digit code corresponding to quality of life]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on health-related quality of life (Index)

Time: Six months after discharge

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Description: Chronic pain intensity defined by BPI questionnaire (short version), at three and six months after discharge. [Brief pain inventory; A multidimensional questionnaire that evaluates pain intensity in the last 24 hours (worst, lowest, average) and current (right now). The questions are rated on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst possible value. Subsequently, the average intensity score (BPI intensity score) is calculated.]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on chronic pain (intensity)

Time: Three and six months after discharge.

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Description: Limitation of daily activities due to chronic pain, defined by BPI (short version), at three and six months after discharge. [Brief pain inventory; Multidimensional questionnaire that assesses the impact of pain on daily activities (general activity, encouragement, work, relationships with other people, sleep, enjoying life and the ability to walk). The questions are rated on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst possible value. Subsequently, the mean score of the responses related to pain interference in activities (BPI interference score) is calculated.]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on chronic pain (limitation of daily activities)

Time: Three and six months after discharge.

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Description: Pain catastrophization assessed by Pain Catastrophizing Scale at three and six months after hospital discharge. [Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Consisting of 13 questions that explore the frequency of thoughts and feelings that the interviewees have in the presence of current or anticipated pain, which are grouped into three scoring subscales (magnification, rumination and defenselessness). Each question is rated on a 5-point scale (0: not at all; 4: all the time). Being the maximum total score of 52 points.]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on chronic pain (Pain catastrophization)

Time: Three and six months after discharge.

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Description: Clinically significant anxiety or depression symptoms prevalence at three and six months, assessed by the HAD test. [hospital anxiety and depression test; 14 questions, with two subscales, one for anxiety and the other for depression, with seven items each, the maximum score is 21 for each subscale. The cut-off points from zero to seven imply the absence of clinically relevant anxiety and depression, from eight to ten symptoms that require consideration and from 11 to 21 reports the presence of relevant symptoms, with a very probable diagnosis of anxiety or depression.]

Measure: Impact of intervention program on anxiety or depression incidence

Time: Three and six months after discharge.

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Description: Probable post-traumatic stress syndrome prevalence at three and six months after discharge assessed by the DSM ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) V PTSD Checklist questionnaire (PCL-5) [PTSD Checklist questionnaire; It contains 20 questions that correspond to the DSM V PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) criteria. Participants rated their symptoms on a scale of 0 (not at all), 1 (slightly), 2 (moderately), 3 (quite) to 4 (extremely), with a score ranging from 0 to 80. A total of the severity of the symptoms can be made, adding the score of each question (interval 0-80). The severity of each symptom can be evaluated, adding the score of the questions. The cut-off point to use for a provisional diagnosis of PTSD is 31 points.]

Measure: Impact of intervention on probable post-traumatic stress syndrome incidence

Time: Three and six months after discharge.

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Change over time in scores on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (score range is 12-60 with increases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Scores on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in scores on the Pain Disability Index (score range is 0-70 with decreases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Scores on the Pain Disability Index

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Change over time in scores on the on the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire - 8 (CPAQ-8) (score range is 0-48 with increases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Scores on the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire - 8

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in scores on the on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale-6 (PCS-6) (score range is 0-24 with decreases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale -6

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in Scores on the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-4 (PSEQ-4) (score range is 0-24 with increases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Scores on the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-4

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in scores on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain (score range is 0-10 with decreases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Pain Intensity

Time: at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (score range is 0-27 with decreases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Depression Symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in scores on the Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) (score range is 0-21 with decreases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Changes over time in Anxiety Symptoms as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Scale-7

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Change over time in scores on the Physical Health and Mental Health Quality of Life scores from the PROMIS GLOBAL-10 (score range is 7-35 with increases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Change over time in Quality of Life as measured by the PROMIS GLOBAL- 10

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Description: Changes over time in score on the Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) (score range is 15-90 with increases in scores meaning better outcome). Change over time to be assessed via repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Measure: Changes over time in Mindfulness

Time: baseline, at treatment end (6-weeks after beginning treatment) and 3 months later

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Other Outcomes

Description: Scores on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire

Measure: Client Satisfaction

Time: post treatment (6 weeks after beginning the treatment)

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Primary Outcomes

Description: visual-analogic scale (VAS), using pain level from "no pain" (0) to "worst imaginable pain" (10)

Measure: Pain Intensity

Time: From baseline to 6-week post intervention

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Pain Disability Index (PDI) using seven rating scales, structured in Likert form, from "no disability" (0) to "worst disability" (10)

Measure: Pain Disability

Time: From baseline to 6-week post intervention

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Description: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, consisting of 7 scales for measuring anxiety levels

Measure: Anxiety

Time: From Baseline to 6-week post intervention

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Description: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, consisting of 7 scales for measuring depression levels

Measure: Depression

Time: From baseline to 6-week post intervention

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Primary Outcomes

Description: 6-12 month follow up pain score - (minus) baseline. scores range from 0 (no pain or disability) to 150 (severe pain and disability)

Measure: change in Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) score

Time: 6-12 month

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: ability to successfully wean off opioid prescription

Measure: prescription opioid weaning

Time: 6-12 months

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Comparison of changes in visual analog scale (VAS) pain intensity during the last 24 hours, from baseline value at week 2 between the control and intervention group. VAS is a 0-100 mm scale where 0 is "no pain" and 100 is "worst pain"

Measure: Visual analog scale (VAS) pain during til last 24 hours

Time: Change from baseline value at week 2

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Comparison of changes in EQ5D-5L index from baseline values at week 2 between the control and intervention group. EQ-5D is an abbreviation for "European Quality of life - 5 Dimensions" and measures Quality of Life. The scale has five subcomponents with scores from 1 (best) to 5 (worst). The five subcomponents constitute a health state that is translated into an index value using the Danish Crosswalk Index Value Calculator from Euroqol's website. The index value is anchored at 0 = death and 1 = full health and the range in the Danish population is from -0.624 (worse than death) to 1.0 (full health). Higher values / increases in index value is better than lower values / decreases in index value.

Measure: EQ5D-5L index

Time: Change from baseline value at week 2

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Description: Number of participants that initiate other regular analgesics or withdraw from the trial

Measure: Treatment failure.

Time: Week 2

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Description: Functional level is measured by grib strength with a Hand Dynamometer

Measure: Grip strength

Time: Change from baseline value at week 2

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Description: Functional level is measured by a sitting-rising test

Measure: Sitting-rising test

Time: Change from baseline value at week 2

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Description: Collected from a trial diary. Visual analog scale (VAS) is a 0-100 mm scale where 0 is "no pain" and 100 is "worst pain"

Measure: Sum of daily visual analog scale (VAS) pain

Time: Sum from baseline to week 2

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Description: Did the intervention change the participants' paracetamol consumption after ending the treatment period.

Measure: Followup: Number of regular users (3 grams of paracetamol or more per day) since ending treatment period.

Time: week 26

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Description: Comparison of changes from baseline and week 2 values at week 26 (post treatment period). Visual analog scale (VAS) is a 0-100 mm scale where 0 is "no pain" and 100 is "worst pain"

Measure: Followup: Visual analog scale (VAS) pain during til last 24 hours

Time: Week 26

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Description: Comparison of changes in EQ5D-5L index from baseline and week 2 values at week 26 (post treatment period) between the control and intervention group. EQ-5D is an abbreviation for "European Quality of life - 5 Dimensions" and measures Quality of Life. The scale has five subcomponents with scores from 1 (best) to 5 (worst). The five subcomponents constitute a health state that is translated into an index value using the Danish Crosswalk Index Value Calculator from Euroqol's website. The index value is anchored at 0 = death and 1 = full health and the range in the Danish population is from -0.624 (worse than death) to 1.0 (full health). Higher values / increases in index value is better than lower values / decreases in index value.

Measure: Followup: EQ5D-5L index

Time: Week 26

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Description: Number of participants who initiated regular use of other analgesics and comparison of changes between the control and intervention group (post treatment period)

Measure: Trial failure

Time: Week 26

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Although the project will use shared decision-making with Veterans, the percent of patients who agree to transfer will provide a realistic indicator of overall feasibility/acceptability.

Measure: the percent of patients who agree to Buprenorphine transfer

Time: 30 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: overall measure of engagement

Measure: percent of complete tapering or BUP transition

Time: 60 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: The primary outcome measures included the level of function determined by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) . WOMAC is a specific, valid, reliable criterion for knee osteoarthritis and includes 24 questions under three subheadings: pain, stiffness and physical function. Each question was scored according to the Likert scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = very severe.

Measure: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)

Time: 10 minutes

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: EMG-BF (Intelect Advanced Color Combo + EMG, Chattanooga Group, TN, USA) was used to evaluate muscle activation level. The screen scale was used as a visual feedback, as an increased or decreasing signal tone with varying muscle activity as sensory feedback. The undermentioned muscles will be evaluated in study, Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius

Measure: EMG-BF

Time: 10 minutes

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Description: A dynamometer was used to evaluate muscle strength. Muscle strength was evaluated in the following muscles, each measurement was made three times and the average was taken. M. Iliopsoas M. Gluteus Maximus M. Gluteus Medius M. Quadriceps Femoris Hamstring muscle group M. Gastrosoleus M. Tibialis Anterior

Measure: Muscle strength

Time: 10 minutes

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Description: The instrument that measures sensitivity to pain and gives a numerical value is called an algometer. In total, application was made at 4 different points. Medial point of heel - Right Medial point of heel - Left Medial point of knee-Right Medial point of knee-Left Measurements were made three times and averaged.

Measure: Algometer

Time: 5 minutes

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Description: Purpose and application of the test: The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numericals. Two end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written on both ends of a 100 mm line and the patient is asked to indicate where his condition is appropriate by drawing a line or by placing a point or pointing on this line. Rest, activity and night were evaluated in three different time periods

Measure: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Evaluation

Time: 5 minutes

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Description: To determine fall risk and measure the progress of balance, sit to stand and walking.The patient stands up upon therapist's command: walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to the chair and sits down.

Measure: Time up and go test

Time: 20 seconds

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Description: The 30 Second Sit to Stand Test is also known as 30 second chair stand test ( 30CST), is for testing leg strength and endurance in older adults.The participant is encouraged to complete as many full stands as possible within 30 seconds. The participant is instructed to fully sit between each stand.

Measure: 30 Seconds Sit To Stand Test

Time: 30 Seconds

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Description: The individual is asked to climb and descend 7 times. The total time is recorded.

Measure: Step test

Time: 1 minute

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Description: Lower extremity joints and range of motion were evaluated. Hip Flexion Hip Extension Hip Internal Rotation Hip External Rotation Knee Flexion Knee Extension Ankle Plantar Flexion Ankle Dorsi Flexion

Measure: goniometer

Time: 10 minutes

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Assessed via a numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10=most intense pain imaginable)

Measure: Pain intensity

Time: 40 minutes

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Description: assessed via a numerical rating scale (0=no pain, 10=most unpleasant pain imaginable)

Measure: Pain Unpleasantness

Time: 40 minutes

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: assessed via the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS; 0=no catastrophizing, 52=highest catastrophizing, 30+=clinically significant catastrophizing)

Measure: Pain Catastrophizing

Time: 40 minutes

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Other Outcomes

Description: assessed via self-report questions (0=lowest expectancy, 10=highest expectancy)

Measure: Expectancy

Time: 40 minutes

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Description: assessed via the Pain-related Cognitive Processes Questionnaire (PCPQ-R; 0=lowest reappraisal, 4=highest reappraisal)

Measure: Pain Reappraisal

Time: 40 minutes

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Description: assessed via the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Observing Subscale (FFMQ-O; 1=lowest observing, 5=highest observing)

Measure: Mindful observing

Time: 40 minutes

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Description: assessed via the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Non-reacting Subscale (FFMQ-NR; 1=lowest non-reactivity, 5=highest non-reactivity)

Measure: Mindful non-reactivity

Time: 40 minutes

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Description: assessed via the State Mindfulness Survey (SMS; 1=lowest mindfulness, 21=highest mindfulness)

Measure: State Mindfulness

Time: 40 minutes

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Description: assessed via the Metacognitive Processes of Decentering - State (MpoD-s; 0=lowest decentering, 3=highest decentering)

Measure: State Decentering

Time: 40 minutes

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Pain intensity and related disability was measured through Brief Pain Inventory

Measure: Pain intensity and disability

Time: From baseline to 6 week post intervention

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Description: Quality of life was measured through 36-Item Short-Form Survey

Measure: Health Related Quality of Life

Time: From baseline to 6 week post intervention

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Description: Self efficacy was measure through Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire

Measure: Self-efficacy of pain

Time: From baseline to 6 week post intervention

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