There are 3 clinical trials
Subjects will undergo a placebo and allopurinol phase to better understand the effects of the reduced function BCRP Q141K variant on allopurinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Inclusion Criteria: - self-identified as Asian/European ancestry - generally healthy with approved lab values for CBC,HFP,RFP, and uric acid - Subjects with the ABCG2 genotype, homozygous, heterozygous or homozygous for the major allele of rs2231142 will be recruited Exclusion Criteria: - vascular disease - renal impairment - medications/supplements that affect uric acid levels - pregnant or lactating women - prior history of allergic reaction to allopurinol or testing positive for HLA-B*5801 allele - risk of urinary or gastric retention or narrow-angle glaucoma - impaired hepatic function - evidence of anemia - evidence or diagnosis of congestive heart failure - smokers - subjects with a mutation other than rs2231142 in the ABCG2 genotype - subjects taking hormonal contraceptives or other hormonal medications - evidence of recreational drug use as determined by questionnaire Inclusion Criteria: - self-identified as Asian/European ancestry - generally healthy with approved lab values for CBC,HFP,RFP, and uric acid - Subjects with the ABCG2 genotype, homozygous, heterozygous or homozygous for the major allele of rs2231142 will be recruited Exclusion Criteria: - vascular disease - renal impairment - medications/supplements that affect uric acid levels - pregnant or lactating women - prior history of allergic reaction to allopurinol or testing positive for HLA-B*5801 allele - risk of urinary or gastric retention or narrow-angle glaucoma - impaired hepatic function - evidence of anemia - evidence or diagnosis of congestive heart failure - smokers - subjects with a mutation other than rs2231142 in the ABCG2 genotype - subjects taking hormonal contraceptives or other hormonal medications - evidence of recreational drug use as determined by questionnaire Chronic Gout Hyperuricemia Hyperuricemia null
Description: Renal clearance as defined by amount excreted in 24 hours/AUC from 0-24 hours
Measure: Oxypurinol Renal Clearance Time: 24 hours (Urine collected 0-4 hrs,4-8 hrs,8-10 hrs,10-24 hrs post-dose)Description: Maximum percent change in uric acid after a single dose of allopurinol
Measure: Percent Change Uric Acid Time: 24 hoursDescription: Area under the concentration time curve from 0-24 hours following a single dose of allopurinol (i.e. Day 1 of both protocols)
Measure: Oxypurinol AUC Time: 24 hours (Collections at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 24 hours post-dose)This interventional prospective multicenter nonrandomized clinical and epidemiological study is the first Russian study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a single-lead electrocardiography device (CardioQVARK) in screening for atrial fibrillation in primary health care.
For new oral anticoagulants - rs2244613 of the gene CES1, rs1045642 (C3435T), rs1128503 (C1236T), rs2032582 (G2677T / А) of the gene ABCB1, rs2231142 (С421А, Q141K) of the gene ABCG2, rs776746 (A6986G * 399 CYP3 CYP3) CYP3A4.. Inclusion Criteria: Men and women aged 18 to 96 years who have one or more of the following risk factors: - hypertonic disease - history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks - type 1 and type 2 diabetes - 1-3 degrees obesity - heart failure or the presence of a clinic to reduce exercise tolerance associated with shortness of breath - coronary heart disease or the presence of symptoms of chest pain, in the absence of an established diagnosis of coronary heart disease - the presence of peripheral arterial atherosclerosis - the presence of a clinic of interruptions in the work of the heart (bouts of rapid, irregular heartbeats, pauses in work of heart) Non-inclusion criteria: - Acute coronary syndrome - Acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke - Acute psychosis - The presence of severe concomitant diseases with an expected life expectancy of less than 2 years Exclusion Criteria: Refusal of further participation in the study Inclusion Criteria: Men and women aged 18 to 96 years who have one or more of the following risk factors: - hypertonic disease - history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks - type 1 and type 2 diabetes - 1-3 degrees obesity - heart failure or the presence of a clinic to reduce exercise tolerance associated with shortness of breath - coronary heart disease or the presence of symptoms of chest pain, in the absence of an established diagnosis of coronary heart disease - the presence of peripheral arterial atherosclerosis - the presence of a clinic of interruptions in the work of the heart (bouts of rapid, irregular heartbeats, pauses in work of heart) Non-inclusion criteria: - Acute coronary syndrome - Acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke - Acute psychosis - The presence of severe concomitant diseases with an expected life expectancy of less than 2 years Exclusion Criteria: Refusal of further participation in the study Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation This is an interventional, prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized clinical and epidemiological study.
Description: Total number of AF cases newly diagnosed during the study period.
Measure: Total number of AF cases newly diagnosed during the study period. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Number of patients who, for the first time ever, were assigned to anticoagulation therapy.
Measure: Number of patients who, for the first time ever, were assigned to anticoagulation therapy. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Assessed using data obtained from pharmacokinetic analysis. International normalised ratio (INR) - target range from 2 to 3.
Measure: Compliance to anticoagulation therapy for warfarin. Time: 6 months after administration of anticoagulantsDescription: Assessed using data obtained from pharmacokinetic analysis. Quantitative determination of the concentration of drugs in the blood (blood sampling three hours after taking the drug).
Measure: Compliance to anticoagulation therapy for new oral anticoagulants. Time: 6 months after administration of anticoagulantsDescription: Evaluated as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of screening per quality adjusted life year gained, and per stroke avoided.
Measure: Cost-effectiveness of using the single-lead CardioQVARK ECG device in screening for AF in primary health care. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Mean time to diagnosis.
Measure: Mean time to diagnosis. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Number of patients with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (the CHA2DS2-VASc Score is the most commonly utilized method to predict thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation) of ≥ 1.
Measure: Number of patients with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (the CHA2DS2-VASc Score is the most commonly utilized method to predict thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation) of ≥ 1. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Number of patients with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (the CHA2DS2-VASc Score is the most commonly utilized method to predict thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation) of ≥ 2.
Measure: Number of patients with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (the CHA2DS2-VASc Score is the most commonly utilized method to predict thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation) of ≥ 2. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Defined as frequency of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with newly diagnosed AF and assigned anticoagulants.
Measure: Incidence of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack after enrollment in the study. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Defined as frequency of massive hemorrhage in patients with newly diagnosed AF and assigned anticoagulants.
Measure: Incidence of massive hemorrhage after enrollment in the study. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: Defined as frequency of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with newly diagnosed AF and assigned anticoagulants.
Measure: Incidence of hemorrhagic stroke after enrollment in the study. Time: Through study completion, an average of 1 yearDescription: For warfarin - CYP2C9 (CYP2C9 * 2, CYP2C9 * 3), VKORC1 (1 marker), CYP4F2 (1 marker), GGCX (1 marker). For new oral anticoagulants - rs2244613 of the gene CES1, rs1045642 (C3435T), rs1128503 (C1236T), rs2032582 (G2677T / А) of the gene ABCB1, rs2231142 (С421А, Q141K) of the gene ABCG2, rs776746 (A6986G * 399 CYP3 CYP3) CYP3A4.
Measure: Pharmacogenetic testing by polymorphic markers Time: 6 months after administration of anticoagulantsPrimary Objective: Evaluate the relationship between ABCG2 mutation (rs2231142) and teriflunomide exposure, during 6-month treatment with teriflunomide 14 mg Secondary Objective: Characterize the safety (AEs, such as ALT enhancement, hair thinning, diarrhea, nausea, etc.) during 6-month treatment with teriflunomide
Evaluation of the Relationship Between ABCG2 Mutation and Teriflunomide Exposure and Safety in Chinese Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Teriflunomide 14 mg Once Daily for 24 Weeks Primary Objective: Evaluate the relationship between ABCG2 mutation (rs2231142) and teriflunomide exposure, during 6-month treatment with teriflunomide 14 mg Secondary Objective: Characterize the safety (AEs, such as ALT enhancement, hair thinning, diarrhea, nausea, etc.) during 6-month treatment with teriflunomide PK exposure: Cmax.
- Participants will be genotyped for the rs2231142 mutation, enrolled 80 participants should include: 40 wildtype patients, 40 patients with ABCG2 (rs2231142) mutation - Male and/or female participants: - Male participants: A male participant must agree to use contraception during the intervention period and undergo the accelerated eliminated procedure after the last dose of study intervention and refrain from donating sperm during this period.
Description: PK exposure Cmax will be estimated by PopPK analysis.
Measure: PK exposure: Cmax Time: From Week 8 to Week 24Description: PK exposure AUCtau will be estimated by PopPK analysis
Measure: PK exposure: AUCtau Time: From Week 8 to Week 24