Background: - Differences in peoples genes can make them respond to drugs in different ways. Methadone and buprenorphine are two drugs used to treat drug addiction. A study showed that African Americans with a certain genetic marker did better using one kind of drug treatment over the other. Researchers want to see if they can repeat these findings. They also want to study other things that affect how well people do in treatment. Objective: - To see if certain genetic markers and other facts about a person s life can predict how well they do in treatment for addiction to opioids and cocaine. Eligibility: - African American adults age 18 and over. They must be former or current participants in an Archway Treatment Clinic study. They must have been on a stable dose of either study drug for at least 12 weeks. They also must have given urine samples regularly for at least 10 weeks. Design: - Participants will come to the clinic for 1 visit lasting about 2 hours. - Participants will give 1 teaspoon of blood for genetic testing. They will be asked if their sample can be used in future studies. - If researchers cannot get enough blood, they will do a cheek swab. This will collect skin cells for genetic testing. - Participants will fill out 3 questionnaires. - Results of genetic testing and answers to questionnaires will be kept private.

NCT02225184

Conditions

1. Genetic Underpinning of Substance Abuse
2. Polymorphism-genetic
3. Drug Abuse/Dependence
4. Opiod-Related Disorders

MeSH:Substance-Related Disorders

To independently replicate the pharmacogenetic findings of the NIDA CTN START substudy by comparing urine opioid results as a function of rs678849 genotype among opioid-addicted African-Americans treated with either buprenorphine or methadone.. null.

The CTN investigators found that an intronic SNP (rs678849) in the gene for the opioid delta-1 receptor (OPRD1) strongly predicted treatment response in African-Americans.

Study objectives include: (1) To independently replicate the pharmacogenetic NIDA CTN findings by comparing urine drug screen opioid results for rs678849 genotype groups among opioid-addicted African-American individuals, treated with either buprenorphine or methadone; (2) To determine whether any effect of rs678849 genotype varies by demographic, drug use, mental health, and psychosocial characteristics; (3) To determine whether any effect of rs678849 genotype extends to cocaine use, and (4) To examine haplotype blocks in OPRD1 that might help explain the association.

We will recruit a sample of n=135 (to obtain 130 completers; 65 methadone, 65 buprenorphine) current and former participants in Archway treatment studies in order to have power of 0.80 to detect a difference of 0.5 standard deviations between rs678849 genotypes.