Primary Outcomes

Description: Measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL), Phase Contras, Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and T(2) -Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST), compared to baseline measurement

Measure: Change in renal blood flow and renal oxygenation after standardized plasma expansion with fluid bolus

Time: When achieved according to protocol, approximately 3-10 minutes after intervention

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Description: Measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL), Phase Contras, Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and T(2) -Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) during baseline measurement.

Measure: Descriptive renal oxygenation and blood flow in critical illness due to sepsis

Time: During Critical illness - at one time point

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Description: Measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL), Phase Contras, Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and T(2) -Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) images stratified in groups in regards to KDIGO grade during exam.

Measure: Descriptive renal oxygenation and blood flow in critical illness in no/low grade AKI or high grade AKI.

Time: During Critical illness - at one time point

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Primary Outcomes

Description: MI will be defined using the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Acute renal failure will be defined as Acute Kidney Injury stage III according to RIFLE criteria. Baseline creatinine will be considered the creatinine upon admission prior to the index operation. The above urine output criteria will be only used for patients who are in the ICU and have precise monitoring of their urinary output. For patients on the surgical floor only serum creatinine changes will be used for assessment of this endpoint. Coronary revascularization will be defined as a coronary artery bypass graft, or percutaneous coronary intervention (either angioplasty or stenting). Stroke will be defined as new unilateral neurological deficit that lasts for more than 24 hours, and is confirmed by a brain imaging modality (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging study) demonstrating new brain infarct.

Measure: A composite endpoint of all-cause post-randomization mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, acute renal failure, or post-randomization ischemic stroke up to 90 days after randomization.

Time: 90 days after randomization

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Wound infection will be defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines as a) positive wound culture, or b) drainage of pus from a wound, or c) suspicion of wound infection that was drained operatively. Pneumonia will be defined according to the CDC definition as chest radiograph with new or progressive infiltrate, consolidation, cavitation, or pleural effusion and any of the following: new onset of purulent sputum or change in character of sputum, or organism isolated from blood culture, trans-tracheal aspirate, bronchial brushings, or biopsy. Sepsis will be defined as a combination of two of the following systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, plus suspected or present source of infection. SIRS criteria will include the following: temperature greater than 38C, heart rate greater than 90 beats/min, WBC > 12,000 or < 4,000, or > 10% bands.

Measure: A composite endpoint of postoperative infectious complications at 90 days post-randomization: Infectious complications will include wound infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.

Time: 90 days after randomization

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Description: The diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias will be based on EKG findings. Only arrhythmias that result in initiation of new treatment regimen (to include medications, implantable devices, or surgical intervention) during hospitalization will be recorded. CHF will require at least one of the following symptoms or signs new or worsening: dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and radiological evidence of heart failure or worsening heart failure and increase/initiation of established treatment. Cardiac arrest will be defined as the cessation of cardiac pump function activity that results in loss of consciousness and absence of circulating blood flow as evidenced by absent carotid pulse. Only episodes of cardiac arrest that are reversed will be collected under this endpoint. If they are not reversed the event will be categorized as death.

Measure: A composite endpoint of cardiac complications (other than MI) at 90 days post-randomization: Cardiac complications will include new cardiac arrhythmias that necessitate new treatment, new or worsening congestive heart failure (CHF), and cardiac arrest no

Time: 90 days after randomization

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Description: The investigators will determine vital status by telephoning participants after hospital discharge, by searching the electronic medical record and the National Death Index.

Measure: All-cause mortality at 1 year after randomization.

Time: 12 months after randomization

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Description: MI, coronary revascularization, acute renal failure, or postoperative ischemic stroke.

Measure: A composite endpoint of all-cause mortality,

Time: 30 days after randomization

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Description: Length of hospital stay

Measure: Length of hospital stay.

Time: At hospital discharge, up to 1 year

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Other Outcomes

Description: All cause postoperative mortality, Postoperative MI, Postoperative coronary revascularization, Postoperative stroke,Postoperative acute renal failure

Measure: The investigators will examine individual rates of the outcomes that consist of individual components of the primary endpoint.

Time: 90 days after randomization

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Primary Outcomes

Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Renal failure

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Heart failure

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: EKG disturbance

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Hepatic failure

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Anemia

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Leucopenia

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Vascular disease

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Toxidermia

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Osteoarticular adverse event

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Death

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Description: defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MeDRA) terms

Measure: Pulmonary embolism or pulmonary hypertension

Time: Case reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) database of individual safety case reports to 17/03/2020

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Primary Outcomes

Description: the incidence of Acute Kidney Injury

Measure: Rate of Acute Kidney Injury

Time: From date of admission until the date of discharge or death from any cause, up to 60 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: death from any cause in the hospital

Measure: Rate of Death

Time: From date of admission until the date of death from any cause, up to 60 days

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Description: days from admission to discharge or death

Measure: the length of hospital stay

Time: From date of admission until the date of discharge or death from any cause, up to 60 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: KDIGO AKI score

Measure: Acute Kidney Injury

Time: During Intensive Care, an estimated average of 10 days.

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome yes/no

Measure: ARDS

Time: During intensive care, an estimated average of 10 days.

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Description: Death within 30 days of ICU admission

Measure: 30 day mortality

Time: 30 days

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Description: Death within 1 year of ICU admission

Measure: 1 year mortality

Time: 1 year

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Description: Development of Chronic Kidney Disease

Measure: Chronic Kidney Disease

Time: 60 days and 1 year after ICU admission

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Description: Sequential Organ Failure Score as a continuous variable

Measure: SOFA-score

Time: During Intensive Care, an estimated average of 10 days.

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Primary Outcomes

Description: As determined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria

Measure: Incidence of AKI

Time: Within 7 days after admission

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Serial biomarker assessment

Measure: Renal function changes during hospital stay

Time: from hospital admission til discharge up to 3 months

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Description: As determined by KDIGO criteria

Measure: Incidence of chronic kidney disease

Time: 3 months post-hospital admission

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Primary Outcomes

Measure: predicitive value of noncoding RNAs in COVID-19 associated organ dysfunction

Time: 12 months

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Sensibility and specificity of urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP-7] > 0,3 to predict AKI (KDIGO stage ≥ 1) in SARS-CoV-2 patients at day-7 after measurement

Measure: Sensibility and specificity of urinary

Time: Occurence of AKI 7 days after urinary biomarkers measurement

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Sensibility and specificity of urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP-7] > 0,3 to predict AKI worsening, renal replacement therapy requirement or persistant AKI

Measure: Sensibility and specificity of urinary

Time: Occurnce of AKI worsening, renal replacement therapy requirement or persistant AKI, 7 days after urinary biomarkers mesurement

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Primary Outcomes

Description: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous LSALT peptide plus standard of care to prevent the progression of COVID-19 to mild, moderate or severe ARDS, acute kidney injury, cardiomyopathy, acute liver injury, coagulopathy, or death in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with placebo plus standard of care.

Measure: Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Other Organ Injuries

Time: 28 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, with its rapid delivery of low tidal volumes and a respiratory rate in the range of 60 to 900 breaths/minute, has also been utilized in ARDS patients.

Measure: Ventilation-free days

Time: 28 days

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Description: Oxygen therapy provided as non-invasive therapy for ARDS patients.

Measure: Time on nasal cannula or oxygen masks

Time: 28 days

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Description: 28 day mortality - all cause and attributable

Measure: 28 day mortality - all cause and attributable

Time: 28 days

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Description: ICU and hospitalization length of stay (days)

Measure: ICU and hospitalization length of stay (days)

Time: 28 days

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Description: Swab (nasopharyngeal, nasal, throat, sputum, or lower respiratory tract) at baseline (Day 1) and every 3 days thereafter until eradication → virologic clearance rate

Measure: SARS-CoV2 testing

Time: 28 days

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Description: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often used for severe ARDS to allow lung healing/repair and reverse respiratory failure.

Measure: Need and duration for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Time: 28 days

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Description: Vasopressor free days

Measure: Vasopressor free days

Time: 28 days

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Description: Chest X-rays performed at Baseline, Day 3, at clinical improvement, and end-of-treatment (EOT) and study (EOS) to determine presence of bilateral opacities.

Measure: Radiographic pulmonary assessments

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change in daily mMRC dyspnea and SOFA scores (0 to 4) with 4 being the most severe outcome

Measure: Change in modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores

Time: 28 days

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Description: Incidence of other organ (non-lung) disorders

Measure: Incidence of non-lung disorders

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change in liver function tests (ALT, AST, and total bilirubin levels) from baseline

Measure: Measures of liver dysfunction

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change in SCr and eGFR from baseline

Measure: Measures of kidney dysfunction

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change in highly-sensitive troponin (hs-troponin) from baseline

Measure: Measures of cardiac dysfunction

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change from baseline ACT, aPTT, and/or PT/INR levels

Measure: Measures of coagulopathies

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change in baseline antiviral immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) at EOS.

Measure: Changes in immunogenic responses

Time: 28 days

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Description: Changes in total healthcare costs from admission to discharge between treatment groups.

Measure: Healthcare outcomes

Time: 28 days

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Description: Change in serum cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-1ra, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, CXCL10/IP10, MCP-3, and ferritin drawn at the same time as LSALT peptide levels

Measure: Molecular changes in pro-inflammatory pathways

Time: 28 days

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Description: Pharmacokinetics of LSALT peptide over the study period.

Measure: Pharmacokinetics of LSALT peptide

Time: 28 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Occurence of moderate or severe AKI

Measure: Occurence of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Time: within 7 days after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Occurence of transient and persistent AKI

Time: within 7 days after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: Occurence of Renal replacement therapy during hospital stay

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: Duration of renal replacement therapy

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: Mortality

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: Duration of mechanical ventilation

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: Duration of vasopressor administration

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: ICU length of stay

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Measure: Hospital length of stay

Time: up to 4 weeks after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Other Outcomes

Description: e.g., Analysis of interleukin (IL) 6, IL8

Measure: Add-on analysis: pro- and antiinflammatory mediators

Time: within 7 days after beginning of moderate or severe ARDS

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Primary Outcomes

Description: This is the proportion of patients with Acute kidney injury in COVID-19

Measure: Incidence of Acute kidney injury in COVID-19

Time: 7 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: This is the number of deaths in COVID-19 AKI patients

Measure: All-cause mortality in AKI patients

Time: 7 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: As defined by Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcome

Measure: Any stage of acute kidney injury

Time: 7 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Renal replacement therapy requirement at the clinicians' discretion

Measure: need for RRT in first 7 days

Time: 7 days

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Description: ICU mortality

Measure: Mortality

Time: 7 and 28 days

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Description: Duration

Measure: Duration of mechanical ventilation

Time: 7 and 28 days

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Description: Duration

Measure: Duration of vasopressor support

Time: 7 and 28 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: To demonstrate an effect of recAP on 28 day all cause mortality

Measure: 28-day all-cause mortality

Time: 28 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: MAKE 90: dead or on RRT or ≥25% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on Day 90 relative to the known or assumed pre-AKI reference level.

Measure: To investigate the effect of recAP on long-term Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE).

Time: 90 Days

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Description: Days alive and free of organ support through Day 28, i.e., days alive with no MV, RRT, vasopressors or inotropes (with death within 28 days counting as zero days).

Measure: To investigate the effect of recAP on use of organ support, i.e., mechanical ventilation (MV), Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), vasopressors or inotropes.

Time: 28 days

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Description: Days alive and out of the ICU through Day 28 (with death within 28 days counting as zero days).

Measure: To investigate the effect of recAP on length of stay (LOS) in ICU.

Time: 28 days

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Description: Time to death through Day 90.

Measure: To investigate the effect of recAP on 90-day allcause mortality

Time: 90 days

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Primary Outcomes

Measure: Safety and tolerability as measured by incidence of IP-related serious adverse events

Time: Outcomes and Serious Adverse Events through Day 180

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Primary Outcomes

Description: As defined by Kidney Diseases: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria

Measure: Incidence of any stage of acute kidney injury

Time: 14 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Mortality

Measure: Mortality

Time: 14-day, hospital, and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality

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Description: Defined by return of creatinine to < 1.5 times of baseline

Measure: Renal recovery

Time: 14 days

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Description: Percentage

Measure: Percentage of patients who receive renal replacement therapy

Time: 14 days

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Description: Percentage of participants who are dialysis dependent

Measure: Percentage of participants who are dialysis dependent

Time: Through study completion, an average of 90 days

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Description: Days without vasoactive medications and mechanical ventilation

Measure: Free-days of vasoactive medications and mechanical ventilation

Time: Day 30

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Description: Length of intensive care unit and hospital stay

Measure: Length of intensive care unit and hospital stay

Time: Through study completion, an average of 90 days

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Description: Congestive heart failure, Arrhythmia, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Septic shock, Acute cardiac injury, pneumonia

Measure: Number of participants with consequences following AKI

Time: Through study completion, an average of 90 days

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Description: Time from illness onset to need for mechanical ventilator support

Measure: Time from illness onset to need for mechanical ventilator support

Time: Through study completion, an average of 30 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: AKI will be defined according with KDIGO guidelines: increase in creatinine of more than 1,5 fold compared to baseline Severe CVOID-19 infection is defined as 1/ confirm COVID-19 infection (by TDM and/or qRT-PCR) 2/ Requirement of ICU support during more than 72h

Measure: Primary endpoint is the incidence, the severity and the mortality associated with AKI during COVID-19 severe infection

Time: 7 months

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Staged AKI by serum creatinine or urine output

Measure: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Time: 14 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Survival to ICU discharge or Day 14

Measure: Survival

Time: 14 days

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Description: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and/or renal replacement therapy

Measure: Rate of Extracorporeal Therapy Requirement

Time: 14 days

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Description: >20% fluid overload as defined as the net fluid balance since ICU admission (in liters) divided by ICU admission weight

Measure: Fluid overload

Time: Day of Enrollment

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Description: The exposure of enrolled patients to known nephrotoxic medications, including diuretics

Measure: Rate of nephrotoxic medication exposure

Time: Day of Enrollment

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Primary Outcomes

Description: The percentage of clotted dialyzers within 72 hours in each of the studied groups.

Measure: Clotted dialyzers

Time: Day 3 of dialysis

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Number of hours until a dialyzer clots in the first 72 hours of dialysis

Measure: Time-free of clotting

Time: Day 3 of dialysis

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Description: The amount of dialyzers used in the first 72 hours of hemodialysis

Measure: Number of dialyzers used

Time: Day 3 of dialysis

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Description: Variation in dialysis system and vascular access pressures in the first 72 h of dialysis

Measure: Pressure variation

Time: Day 3 of dialysis

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Description: Variation in urea sieving between the first, second and third days of dialysis

Measure: Urea sieving

Time: Day 3 of dialysis

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Description: Time of dialysis stop due to clotting in the first 72 hours

Measure: Downtime of dialysis

Time: Day 3 of dialysis

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Primary Outcomes

Description: The difference between the effect of a 3.0 mg/kg infusion of suramin versus placebo will be based on meeting 2 or more of the composite event endpoints of: peak serum creatinine (Cr) of 6 mg/dL or above from investigational product (IP) infusion through Day or progression to KDIGO Stage III within 72 hours (hr) from IP infusion or death or dialysis from IP infusion through Day 7.

Measure: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of a single 3.0 mg/kg infusion of suramin versus placebo in subjects with diuretic unresponsive AKI

Time: 7 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Primary feasibility outcome will be the proportion of patients treated who achieve >50% of urine measurements pH ≥= 7.2 over the duration of treatment.

Measure: pH

Time: 10 days

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Description: Primary efficacy outcome will be the number of days alive and free of stage 2-3 AKI (up to 28) in each group.

Measure: Number of Days Alive Free of Stage 2-3 AKI

Time: 28 days post-treatment

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: proportion of patients developing stage 2-3 AKI (or stage 3 if already at stage 2 at enrollment).

Measure: Stage 2-3 AKI

Time: 28 days

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Description: Ventilator-free days to 28 days

Measure: Vent-Free

Time: 28 days

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Description: Hospital-free days to 60 days

Measure: Hospital-Free

Time: 60 days post-index hospitalization

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Plasma renin levels will be measured from blood collected at baseline, 24 hours, and at shock resolution. Additionally, a 3-hour measurement will be included in the angiotensin II arm.

Measure: Change in Plasma Renin Levels

Time: Until shock resolution, up to 14 days (at baseline, 3 hours, 24 hours, and shock resolution, up to 14 days)

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Cystatin C, NGAL will be measured from blood collected at baseline, 24 hours, and at shock resolution.

Measure: Change in Renal Biomarkers

Time: Until shock resolution, up to 14 days (at baseline, 24 hours, and shock resolution, up to 14 days)

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Description: Time from enrollment to discontinuation of catecholamines

Measure: Time to discontinuation of catecholamines

Time: Until shock resolution, up to 14 days

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Description: Number of days in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Measure: ICU Length of Stay

Time: From enrollment to ICU discharge, up to 28 days following enrollment

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Description: Assessment of all-cause mortality within hospital admission

Measure: In-hospital mortality

Time: Up to 3 months following enrollment

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Description: Days free of renal replacement therapy from enrollment up to day 28

Measure: Renal replacement therapy-free days

Time: Within 28 days of enrollment

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Description: Incidence of venous thromboembolism, arrhythmia, extremity hypoperfusion, delirium, new ischemic event, new infection

Measure: Safety outcomes

Time: Up to 72 hours following shock resolution, no longer than 17 days from enrollment

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Primary Outcomes

Description: 50% improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to conventional therapy within 30 days of treatment for COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury.

Measure: Assess the efficacy of ravulizumab to ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)-induced acute kidney injury manifesting as thrombotic microangiopathy.

Time: 30 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Evaluation of pharmacokinetics of ravulizumab in participants with COVID-19 Changes in ravulizumab concentration in plasma

Measure: Evaluation of pharmacokinetics of ravulizumab in participants with COVID-19

Time: 120 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: In-hospital all cause mortality in patients with acute kidney injury and COVID-19

Measure: All-cause mortality

Time: 30 days

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Description: Incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19

Measure: acute kidney injury

Time: 30 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Need for mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19

Measure: Mechanical ventilation

Time: 30 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Define the possible clusters of critically ill patients - treated with extracorporeal blood purification therapies worldwide - that are homogeneous regarding both clinical and treatment characteristics thanks all the treatment and baseline clinical variables extracted from the patient Case Report Forms (CRFs).

Measure: Define the possible clusters of critically ill patients

Time: 10 days after Extracorporeal Blood Purification Therapy (EBPT) initiation

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Define as ≥ 20% decrease in Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS) at 48 hours with respect to baseline to assess the correlation between cluster membership and positive short-term outcome (i.e. an improvement in hemodynamic stability and inflammatory status).

Measure: To assess the correlation between cluster membership and positive short-term outcome.

Time: 48 hours after EBPT initiation

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Description: To assess the correlation between cluster membership and positive long-term outcome, defined as patient survival at ICU discharge.

Measure: To assess the correlation between cluster membership and positive long-term outcome.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: To assess the correlation between positive short-term outcome and changes from baseline in clinical parameters and all treatment at 12 and 24 hours (as from the patient CRFs).

Measure: To assess the correlation between positive short-term outcome and changes from baseline.

Time: 24 hours after EBPT initiation

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Description: Timing of initiation of a specific Extracorporeal Blood Purification (EBT) treatment will be described.

Measure: To describe the clinical circumstances under which clinicians opt for specific techniques of extracorporeal blood purification therapy worldwide.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: Absolute and relative frequencies of those clinical variables relevant to the application of a specific EBP treatment will be described.

Measure: To describe the clinical circumstances under which clinicians opt for specific techniques of extracorporeal blood purification therapy worldwide in terms of absolute and relative frequencies of clinical variables.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: EBP utilization will be described in terms of cumulative incidence among all the enrolled patients from all participating centers

Measure: To describe EBP utilization rates in intensive care units worldwide.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: EBP utilization will be described in terms of of yearly absolute frequencies and cumulative incidence among all the enrolled patients from all participating centers.

Measure: To describe EBP utilization rates in intensive care units worldwide in terms of absolute frequency

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: Utilization of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy(CRRT), Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD), and Hybrid Renal Replacement Therapies as well as of the different membranes will be described in terms of relative frequencies.

Measure: To describe EBP in terms of relative frequencies for treatment type in intensive care units worldwide.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: For each EBP treatment will be described absolute and relative frequency of chosen anticoagulation strategy

Measure: To describe EBP in terms of technical characteristics in intensive care units worldwide.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Description: For each EBP treatment will be described average flow rates (variables: blood flow rate, dialysate flow rate, replacement flow rate pre-filter, replacement flow rate post-filter, effluent flow rate, net ultrafiltration rate).

Measure: To describe EBP in terms of average flow rates in intensive care units worldwide.

Time: 10 days after EBPT initiation

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Kidney disease progression will be defined as a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; ml/min/1.73m2) of ≥30%

Measure: Incidence of kidney disease progression at 12 months.

Time: 12 months after hospital discharge.

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Albuminuria will be defined as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) of >30mg/mmol.

Measure: Incidence of albuminuria at 6-9 months.

Time: 6-9 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Albuminuria will be defined as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) of >30mg/mmol.

Measure: Incidence of albuminuria at 12-15 months.

Time: 12-15 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Combined kidney disease progression outcome of ≥30% decline in eGFR (ml/min.1.73m2) and/or albuminuria (UACR>30mg/mmol).

Measure: Incidence of combined kidney disease progression and albuminuria at 6-9 months.

Time: 6-9 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Combined kidney disease progression outcome of ≥30% decline in eGFR (ml/min.1.73m2) and/or albuminuria (UACR>30mg/mmol).

Measure: Incidence of combined kidney disease progression and albuminuria at 12-15 months.

Time: 12-15 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Multi-variable Cox proportional hazards models will be used to assess the factors associated with all-cause mortality

Measure: Factors associated with all-cause mortality at 6-9 months.

Time: 6-9 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Multi-variable Cox proportional hazards models will be used to assess the factors associated with all-cause mortality

Measure: Factors associated with all-cause mortality at 12-15 months.

Time: 12-15 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Number of hospital readmissions

Measure: Incidence of hospital readmissions at 6-9 months

Time: 6-9 months after hospital discharge.

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Description: Number of hospital readmissions

Measure: Incidence of hospital readmissions at 12-15 months

Time: 12-15 months after hospital discharge.

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Global organ structure will be assessed through structural T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans which will provide information about automated segmentation and volume assessment of whole kidney (and both cortex and medulla) as well as other abdominal organs (including liver and spleen). Global organ structure will also be assessed through longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation time mapping. T1 and T2 increase with tissue inflammation, oedema and fibrosis. A respiratory-triggered inversion recovery (IR) spin-echo echo-planar scheme will be used for abdominal T1 mapping and a Gradient and spin echo (T2-GraSE) scheme for abdominal T2 mapping.

Measure: MRI assessment of global organ structure at 12 months.

Time: 12 months

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Description: R2* data will be acquired using a multi-echo fast field echo (mFFE) scheme to assess thrombi. Conventionally R2* mapping is used as a measure of oxygenation, but R2*is likely to be altered by other factors in COVID-19, including oedema and small vessel thrombotic processes.

Measure: MRI assessment of thrombi (R2*) at 12 months.

Time: 12 months

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Description: Mean transit time and perfusion depicting changes in microvascular blood flow and large vessel flow/thrombosis will be determined using a FAIR labelling scheme with a multi-slice spin-echo echo-planar imaging readout and multiple labelling delay times.

Measure: MRI assessment of organ perfusion (Arterial spin labelling [ASL]) at 12 months.

Time: 12 months

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Global organ structure will be assessed through structural T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans which will provide information about automated segmentation and volume assessment of whole kidney (and both cortex and medulla) as well as other abdominal organs (including liver and spleen). Global organ structure will also be assessed through longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation time mapping. T1 and T2 increase with tissue inflammation, oedema and fibrosis. A respiratory-triggered inversion recovery (IR) spin-echo echo-planar scheme will be used for abdominal T1 mapping and a Gradient and spin echo (T2-GraSE) scheme for abdominal T2 mapping.

Measure: MRI assessment of global organ structure.

Time: 3-6 and 24 months

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Description: R2* data will be acquired using a multi-echo fast field echo (mFFE) scheme to assess thrombi. Conventionally R2* mapping is used as a measure of oxygenation, but R2*is likely to be altered by other factors in COVID-19, including oedema and small vessel thrombotic processes.

Measure: MRI assessment of thrombi (R2*).

Time: 3-6 and 24 months

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Description: Mean transit time and perfusion depicting changes in microvascular blood flow and large vessel flow/thrombosis will be determined using a FAIR labelling scheme with a multi-slice spin-echo echo-planar imaging readout and multiple labelling delay times.

Measure: MRI assessment of organ perfusion (ASL)

Time: 3-6 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2).

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with urine albumin creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) and urine protein creatinine ratio (mg/mmol).

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with urine albumin and protein creatinine ratios.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with the mental component score. A score between 0 and 100 is calculated from the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; the higher the score, the better the quality of life mental domain.

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with mental component score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with the physical component score. A score between 0 and 100 is calculated from the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; the higher the score, the better the quality of life physical domain.

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with physical component score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with the health state score calculated from the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions questionnaire. The health state score ranges from -0.285 (for the worst health state) to 1 (for the best health state).

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with health state score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with the visual analogue score from the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions questionnaire. The visual analogue score uses a thermometer-like scale numbered from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the better the health state.

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with visual analogue score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with the fatigue score from the Fatigue Severity Scale, a 9-item questionnaire scored on a 7-point scale (minimum score=9; maximum score=63); the higher the score, the greater the fatigue severity.

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with fatigue severity.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with the fatigue score from the Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale, which uses an horizontal line scale numbered from 0 to 10; the higher the score, the higher the fatigue.

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with fatigue score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with skin autofluorescence levels (arbitrary units) measured with the validated Autofluorescence Reader Standard Unit (SU) version 2.4.3 (AGE Reader SU, DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Aarhusweg 4-9, Groningen, The Netherlands).

Measure: Correlations with MRI measures with skin autofluorescence levels.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in mental component score. A score between 0 and 100 is calculated from the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; the higher the score, the better the quality of life mental domain.

Measure: Mean change in mental component score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in physical component score. A score between 0 and 100 is calculated from the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; the higher the score, the better the quality of life physical domain.

Measure: Mean change in physical component score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in health state score calculated from the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions questionnaire. The health state score ranges from -0.285 (for the worst health state) to 1 (for the best health state).

Measure: Mean change in health state score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in visual analogue score from the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions questionnaire. The visual analogue score uses a thermometer-like scale numbered from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the better the health state.

Measure: Mean change in visual analogue score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in fatigue score as assessed by the Fatigue Severity Scale, a 9-item questionnaire scored on a 7-point scale (minimum score=9; maximum score=63); the higher the score, the greater the fatigue severity.

Measure: Mean change in fatigue severity scale.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in fatigue score as assessed by the Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale, which uses an horizontal line scale numbered from 0 to 10; the higher the score, the higher the fatigue.

Measure: Mean change in fatigue score.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Mean change in skin autofluorescence levels (arbitrary units) measured with the AGE Reader.

Measure: Mean change in skin autofluorescence levels.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Assessment of kidney disease progression defined as decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≥25% associated with a decline in eGFR stage.

Measure: Incidence of kidney disease progression.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Recording of the number of participants who developed any cardiovascular events.

Measure: Incidence of cardiovascular events.

Time: 3-6, 12 and 24 months

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Description: Correlations between MRI measures (Cortical T1, ASL-perfusion, T2, R2*) with all-cause mortality using multi-variable Cox proportional hazards models.

Measure: Correlations between MRI measures with all-cause mortality.

Time: 12 and 24 months

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Primary Outcomes

Description: biochmical tests for detection of NGAL and Cystatin c in Covid 19 patients

Measure: measure both cystatin c and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin every other day for 3 times (NGAL) as recent biomarkers in prediction of AKI in patients with COVID-19.

Time: one week starting from hospital admission

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: increased serum creatinine or urea

Measure: development of acute kidney injury lipocalin (NGAL) to AKI severity and prognosis of AKI in patients with COVID-19 infection

Time: one week starting from day of admission

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Primary Outcomes

Description: Urine output <0.5 ml/kg/h for ≥6 consecutive hours, an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dl within the first 48h, an increase in serum creatinine ≥50% in 7 days, or receipt of renal replacement therapy in 7 days.

Measure: Acute Kidney Injury

Time: 7 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Urine levels of NGAL and KIM-1

Measure: Renal tubular injury

Time: 3 days

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Description: Peak postoperative troponin I elevation >10 times the 99th percentile upper reference limit

Measure: Postoperative myocardial injury

Time: 2 days

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Description: New onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline will be excluded)

Measure: Atrial fibrillation

Time: 7 days

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Description: Requirement for mechanical ventilation >24h postoperatively

Measure: Prolonged mechanical ventilation

Time: 24 hours

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Description: Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Organ dysfunction is defined as an acute increase in the total SOFA score ≥2 points consequent to the infection.

Measure: Sepsis

Time: 7 days

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Description: 28 minus the number of days ventilated. Patients who die within 28 days will be assigned 0 ventilator-free days.

Measure: Ventilator-free days

Time: 28 days

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Description: 28 minus the number of days hospitalized. Patients who die within 28 days will be assigned 0 hospital-free days.

Measure: Hospital-free days

Time: 28 days

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Description: 28 minus the number of days in the ICU. Patients who die within 28 days will be assigned 0 ICU-free days.

Measure: ICU-free days

Time: 28 days

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Primary Outcomes

Description: The primary outcome is days alive and out of hospital from randomisation to day 90.

Measure: Alive at Day 90th

Time: 90 days

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Secondary Outcomes

Description: Serious adverse events - new episode of septic shock, anaphylactic reaction to CCP, invasive fungal infection, TACO, TRALI.

Measure: Day 8 serious adverse events

Time: 8 days

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Description: All-cause mortality at day 28

Measure: Day 28 all cause mortality

Time: 28 days

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Description: Days alive without life support at day 90

Measure: Days alive without life support at day 90

Time: 90 days

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