Abstract Rationale. Electronic cigarette use is increasing at an exponential rate in Finland and internationally. The health consequences of vaporised aerosols in electronic cigarettes are largely unknown especially in a long run. Still, very few studies are available on quitting attempts with e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool compared to evidence based cessation pharmacotherapy in adult smokers who want to quit. Research Objective: To investigate effectiveness and safety of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in middle-aged smokers, and to compare the effectiveness of them to varenicline. Our study provides new information of success in smoking cessation among heavy adult smokers for clinicians. Design: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial with the intervention phase of 12 weeks and the observational phase up to 52 weeks. This is an investigator initiated study. Setting: Volunteer middle-aged daily smokers, who were recruited through newspaper announcements. The majority of the cohort subjects (n=513)were recruited for our previous follow-ip study during years 2003- 2009, and many of them continued daily smoking during the whole follow-up period. Participants: In all, 450 adult heavy smokers, who want to quit smoking and are willing to participate up to 52 weeks´ follow-up. Intervention and procedures: Standardized self-reported questionnaires with detailed smoking history with assessment of motivation to quit smoking, parameters of nicotine dependence, symptoms will be included. Smoking status will be repeatedly reassessed during the study visits, and self-reported smoking abstinence is verified with exhaled-carbon monoxide (CO) assessment. All adverse side effects either of drugs or of e-cigarettes, and symptoms related to the drugs or to withdrawal from smoking will be carefully reported.

NCT03235505

Conditions

1. Smoking Cessation
2. Electronic Cigarette

Interventions

1. Drug: Nicotine
2. Drug: Varenicline Tartrate
3. Behavioral: Motivational Interview

Each arm has 12 weeks intervention and observation up to 12 months: A.Nicotine containing e-cigarettes + placebo-pills + Motivational Interview (MI) Innokin Endura T20S + USB cable with wall adapter via USB cable (output DC5V)+ + 6x 10ml /month refill containing 18mg/ml nicotine with cigarette taste for 12 weeks. --- T20S ---

Participants are allowed to use ad libitum e-cigarettes during 12 weeks after they have chosen the quit day during the 2nd follow-up week Placebo -pills: starting week: 0,5mg once daily on days 1.-3 and 0,5mg twice daily on days 4.-5.Continuing weeks: 1mg twice daily up to 12 weeks B.Nicotine-free e-cigarettes + varenicline + MI Innokin Endura T20S + USB cable with wall adapter via USB cable (output DC5V)+ + 6x 10ml /month refill containing 0mg/ml nicotine with cigarette taste for 12 weeks Participants are allowed to use ad libitum e-cigarettes during 12 weeks after they have chosen the quit day during the 2nd follow-up week Varenicline (Chantix®) Starting week: 0,5mg once daily on days 1.-3 and 0,5mg twice daily on days 4.-5. --- T20S ---

Continuing weeks: 1mg twice daily up to 12 weeks C.Placebo-varenicline + nicotine -free e-cigarettes + MI Placebo -pills : starting week: 0,5mg once daily on days 1.-3 and 0,5mg twice daily on days 4.-5.Continuing weeks: 1mg twice daily up to 12 weeks Innokin Endura T20S + USB cable with wall adapter via USB cable (output DC5V)+ 6x 10ml /month refill containing 0mg/ml nicotine with cigarette taste for 12 weeks Participants are allowed to use ad libitum e-cigarettes during 12 weeks after they have chosen the quit day during the 2nd follow-up week --- T20S ---

Retrospective non-randomized in-vivo comparison of different levels of femoral rollback in the ATTUNE total knee arthroplasiy system (rotating platform CR high level roll back vs. rotating platform CR low level roll back) on the basis of fluoroscopic and marker-based motion capture evaluation. How do different levels of intra-operatively observed femoral rollback correlate to postoperative kinematics under weight bearing conditions? Does the modified design of the Attune Knee System influence the extent of the femoral rollback compared to the PFC Sigma Knee System? Does the femoral rollback maintain over a period of 12 months follow up or is it reduced by, for example, remodelling of the posterior cruciate ligament?

NCT02251535

Conditions

1. Gonarthrosis

Interventions

1. Device: ATTUNE® Knee System
2. Device: PFC® SIGMA® Knee System

MeSH:Osteoarthritis, Knee

HPO:Knee osteoarthritis

Here, we use an infra-red optical motion capture system (10 T20S cameras, Vicon, Oxford, UK; system accuracy \-0.3-0.5 mm), tracked at120Hz, as well as 2 force plates (AMTI 0R6, Watertown, MA, USA) in order to assess the external forces while performing active movements. --- T20S ---