SNPMiner Trials by Shray Alag

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SNPMiner SNPMiner Trials (Home Page)


Report for Mutation V66M

Developed by Shray Alag, 2020-2021.
SNP Clinical Trial Gene

There are 49 clinical trials

Clinical Trials


1 Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Predictor of Response to Treatment in Bipolar Depression and Mania: 16-weeks Follow-up With Quetiapine XR

There is sound evidence that quetiapine is effective in the treatment of manic and depressive episodes associated with Bipolar Disorder (BD) (Yatham et al 2006). However, even with the development of effective new treatment options, not all patients respond to treatments available. Biological markers have been investigated as predictors of response to treatment and of remission of symptoms. This would explain in part the individual's differences in the response to treatment, taking into account the genetic variability plus environmental factors influencing specific biological markers. A potential biological marker of response to treatment in BD would be the levels of neurotrophins, as they are, in fact, altered during acute mood episodes (Cunha et al 2006). Among neurotrophins, the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been repeatedly and consistently reported to be associated with BD physiopathology (Post 2007). Furthermore, medications that are known to be effective in BD, like lithium and divalproex, increase BDNF levels.

NCT00879307
Conditions
  1. BIPOLAR DISORDER
Interventions
  1. Drug: quetiapine
MeSH:Bipolar Disorder
HPO:Bipolar affective disorder Mania

Interestingly, a single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide196 (G/A) in the human BDNF gene at codon 66 (Val66Met) have been reported to be associated with a predisposition to BD in family-based studies (Rybakowski et al 2006, Green et al 2006). --- Val66Met ---

Furthermore, there are consistent findings in BD regarding the association of Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gene with prefrontal cognitive impairment, which was recently confirmed in a large sample of bipolar subjects (Rybakowski et al 2006). --- Val66Met ---

In addition, crosssectional studies showed that the polymorphism of BDNF gene (Val66Met) was associated with response to lithium prophylaxis, but findings were not universal (Rybakowski et al 2005, Masui et al 2006). --- Val66Met ---

We also aim to investigate the polymorphism of BDNF gene (Val66Met) and its correlation with BDNF serum levels and treatment response. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Efficacy of quetiapine as a treatment for acute mania and depression, and of as a manutence treatment.

Time: 16 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Assess the pharmacodynamics of quetiapine by neurotrophins in blood samples.

Time: 16 weeks

2 D-cycloserine Enhanced Imaginal ExposureTherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

This study proposes to evaluate the effects of D-cycloserine (DCS) combined with cognitive-behavioral treatment with exposure therapy in a sample of patients who developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a consequence of various traumas (e.g., motor vehicle and accidents, burns and other injuries, combat, World Trade Center attack, etc.). In addition, this study hopes to determine whether a common human genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF SNP (Val66Met), predicts treatment response to PTSD. Patients living in areas that are not geographically proximal to the Weill-Cornell Medical Center New York City campus will receive cognitive behavioral therapy using telemedicine (videoconferencing technology). Overall, this study aims 1) to determine if subjects administered DCS show a significantly larger decrease in symptoms of PTSD as compared to those administered a placebo, 2) to determine if subjects administered DCS show a decrease in PTSD symptomatology significantly earlier (as measured by weeks) than those administered a placebo, 3) to determine if differences in symptomatology are evident at a 6-month follow-up and indicate long-term differences between groups, 4) to determine if the BDNF SNP predicts treatment response, 5)to determine if it is feasible and acceptable to provide imaginal exposure (IE) therapy for PTSD using videoconferencing technology.

NCT00875342
Conditions
  1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Interventions
  1. Drug: DCS
  2. Other: Placebo
MeSH:Stress Disorders, Traumatic Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

In addition, this study hopes to determine whether a common human genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF SNP (Val66Met), predicts treatment response to PTSD. --- Val66Met ---

In addition, all participants will be genotyped once for the BDNF SNP (Val66Met) using a non-invasive saliva sample. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Clinician Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS) and PCL

Time: At initial assessment, during treatment, immediately following treatment, and 6 months after completion of treatment

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Other measures include BDI, BSI, STAXI-2, Expectancy of Therapeutic Outcomes

Time: At initial assessment, during treatment, immediately following treatment, and 6 months after completion of treatment

3 Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Predictor of Response to Treatment in Bipolar Depression and Mania: 16-weeks Follow-up Study

There is sound evidence that quetiapine is effective in the treatment of manic and depressive episodes associated with Bipolar Disorder (BD) (Yatham et al 2006). However, even with the development of effective new treatment options, not all patients respond to treatments available. Biological markers have been investigated as predictors of response to treatment and of remission of symptoms. This would explain in part the individual's differences in the response to treatment, taking into account the genetic variability plus environmental factors influencing specific biological markers. A potential biological marker of response to treatment in BD would be the levels of neurotrophins, as they are, in fact, altered during acute mood episodes (Cunha et al 2006). Among neurotrophins, the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been repeatedly and consistently reported to be associated with BD physiopathology (Post 2007). Furthermore, medications that are known to be effective in BD, like lithium and divalproex, increase BDNF levels.

NCT00879632
Conditions
  1. BIPOLAR DISORDER
MeSH:Bipolar Disorder
HPO:Bipolar affective disorder Mania

Interestingly, a single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide196 (G/A) in the human BDNF gene at codon 66 (Val66Met) have been reported to be associated with a predisposition to BD in family-based studies (Rybakowski et al 2006, Green et al 2006). --- Val66Met ---

Furthermore, there are consistent findings in BD regarding the association of Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gene with prefrontal cognitive impairment, which was recently confirmed in a large sample of bipolar subjects (Rybakowski et al 2006). --- Val66Met ---

In addition, crosssectional studies showed that the polymorphism of BDNF gene (Val66Met) was associated with response to lithium prophylaxis, but findings were not universal (Rybakowski et al 2005, Masui et al 2006). --- Val66Met ---

We also aim to investigate the polymorphism of BDNF gene (Val66Met) and its correlation with BDNF serum levels and treatment response. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Hamilton depression raing scale and young mania rating scale

Time: 16 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Serum BDNF levels as predictor of response to treatment

Time: 16 weeks

4 Lifestyle Physical Activity and Cognitive Training Interventions: Preventing Memory Loss in Older Women With Cardiovascular Disease

Older women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at greater risk for memory loss, an important public health issue due to the negative effects to quality of life and health care costs. This research will be the first to examine the independent and combined effects of a lifestyle physical activity intervention and cognitive training on memory performance and memory-related serum biomarkers in this vulnerable population. The investigators will incorporate a practical lifestyle approach that can be delivered in the home and community settings to prevent or delay memory loss in older women with CVD.

NCT04556305
Conditions
  1. Cognitive Decline
  2. Cardiovascular Diseases
  3. Cognitive Dysfunction
  4. Cognitive Impairment
  5. Mild Cognitive Impairment
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Mind
  2. Behavioral: Move
MeSH:Memory Disorders Cardiovascular Diseases Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Abnormality of the cardiovascular system Cognitive impairment Memory impairment Mental deterioration

Participants will be characterized by APOE genotype and subdivided into two groups of patients in whom the APOE ε4 allele was absent or present.. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism. --- Val66Met ---

Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene assessed using candidate genotyping. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The East Boston Memory Test is a performance-based neurocognitive test. Participants are read a brief story with 12 key elements. The participants are asked to recall elements immediately and again after three-minute delay. Each score (immediate and delayed recall) has a scale of 0-12, with a higher score indicating better cognitive performance.

Measure: Change in East Boston Memory Test scores from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: The Category Fluency Test is a performance-based neurocognitive test. Participants are asked to generate examples for two semantic categories (animals, fruits/vegetables) in separate 60-second trials. There are two separate scores (number of animals generated, number of fruits/vegetables generated). A minimum possible score is 0, with an infinite possible maximum score, with a higher score indicating better cognitive performance.

Measure: Change in Category Fluency Test scores from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: The Digit Span Forwards and Backwards Test is a performance-based neurocognitive test. The examiner says a string of numbers (digit span). For Digit Span Forwards, participant recites digit span, gradually increasing in length. Test stops when participant fails to recite digit span of same length twice. For Digit Span Backwards, participant recites digit span backwards. There are two separate scores (Digit Span Forwards correct responses, Digit Span Backwards correct responses). Digit Span Forwards scores can range from 0-16, with higher scores indicating higher cognitive performance. Digit Span Backwards Scores range from 0-14, with higher scores indicating higher cognitive performance.

Measure: Change in Digit Span Forwards and Backwards Test scores from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: First, participants are asked to count from 1 to 25 (Part A). For Part B, the person is asked to verbally recite alternating numbers and letters until they reach 13 and the letter M. Possible minimum score is "discontinued" due to failure to complete the test (a zero score). The maximum score is 300 seconds. A lower score (fewer seconds) indicates higher cognitive performance.

Measure: Change in Oral Trails A/B tests scores from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: Participants are asked to memorize and immediately recall in ascending order a series of numbers that gradually increase in length with each trial. Possible scores range from 0-16, with a higher score indicating higher cognitive performance.

Measure: Change in Digit Ordering Tests scores from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Secondary Outcomes

Description: We will obtain blood samples for BDNF. Pretreatment serum or plasma specimens will be prepared using standard techniques and archived at -80°C in aliquots with no specimen subjected to more than two freeze-thaw cycles. All assays performed in a blinded fashion and according to manufacturer's protocol using a 384-well modified method. Luminex FlexMAP 3D will be used with concentrations calculated based on 7-pt standard curves using a 5-parametric fit algorithm in xPONENT v4.0.3. Following recommendations, serum biomarkers will be obtained in the morning (8am-10am) following an 8-hour fast.

Measure: Change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: We will obtain blood samples for VEGF. Pretreatment serum or plasma specimens will be prepared using standard techniques and archived at -80°C in aliquots with no specimen subjected to more than two freeze-thaw cycles. All assays performed in a blinded fashion and according to manufacturer's protocol using a 384-well modified method. Luminex FlexMAP 3D will be used with concentrations calculated based on 7-pt standard curves using a 5-parametric fit algorithm in xPONENT v4.0.3. Following recommendations, serum biomarkers will be obtained in the morning (8am-10am) following an 8-hour fast.

Measure: Change in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) levels from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: We will obtain blood samples for IGF-1. Pretreatment serum or plasma specimens will be prepared using standard techniques and archived at -80°C in aliquots with no specimen subjected to more than two freeze-thaw cycles. All assays performed in a blinded fashion and according to manufacturer's protocol using a 384-well modified method. Luminex FlexMAP 3D will be used with concentrations calculated based on 7-pt standard curves using a 5-parametric fit algorithm in xPONENT v4.0.3. Following recommendations, serum biomarkers will be obtained in the morning (8am-10am) following an 8-hour fast.

Measure: Change in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: The ActiGraph accelerometer is a motion sensor device that provides a valid assessment of physical activity in adult persons during treadmill Moveing/running and daily activity. The accelerometer records vertical accelerations as "counts." Participants are instructed to wear on the hip for seven consecutive days during waking hours only, except while swimming or bathing. To analyze the accelerometer data, we will use the following physical activity intensity cut points: light 100-1,565 counts/min (< 3 METS [metabolic equivalent of task]); moderate 1,566-6,139 (3.0-6.0 METS); vigorous ≥ 6,140 (≥ 6.1 METS). We will report findings in mean daily minutes of each intensity of physical activity.

Measure: Change in GT3XE-Plus Triaxial Accelerometer activity minutes (light and moderate vigorous physical activity) from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: This is a test of aerobic fitness that can be performed in a small space using minimal equipment. Participants step in place to a predesignated height for two minutes. This test is correlated with treadmill tests of aerobic fitness.

Measure: Change in the two-minute step test of aerobic fitness score from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: The Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire that assesses the leisure time, household, and transportation physical activity in past two weeks. Participants are asked how long they participate in 30 different activities and at what frequency. Each activity is assigned intensity. Scores include mean minutes per week of light and moderate-vigorous physical activity for both leisure time and household scales (minimum score of 0 minutes and maximum score of 24 hours, with higher scores indicating more time spent in physical activity).

Measure: Change in self-reported physical activity as assessed by the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) survey from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: Self-report cognitive activity is a self-report questionnaire of participation in seven activities that involve information processing with minimal physical or social demands. Participants rate on a five-point scale. The score is an average of nine items (minimum score of 9, maximum score of 54 with higher scores indicating higher self-reported levels of cognitive activity).

Measure: Change in self-reported cognitive activity from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Other Outcomes

Description: Depressive symptoms will be evaluated as a potential moderator. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (20 items scored 0-3) assesses symptoms of depressed mood, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, psychomotor retardation, loss of appetite, and sleep disturbance. Participants who score ≥ 16 will be referred to their primary/ psychiatric provider for further evaluation and treatment. Scores range from 0-60, with higher score indicating more depressive symptoms.

Measure: Level and change in Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale score from baseline to 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks.

Time: Baseline, and 24 weeks, 48 weeks, and 72 weeks post-baseline

Description: Potential moderator. Candidate gene analysis with DNA extraction from whole blood samples using an Autogen DNA isolation kit (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands). Participants will be characterized by APOE genotype and subdivided into two groups of patients in whom the APOE ε4 allele was absent or present.

Measure: Apolipoprotein [APOE]- ε4 allele

Time: Baseline

Description: Potential moderator. Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene assessed using candidate genotyping. The BDNF gene locus is located on Chromosome 11. BDNF Met positive genotypes are heterozygous Val/Met or homozygous Met/Met.

Measure: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism

Time: Baseline

5 Evolving Methods to Combine Cognitive and Physical Training for Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Efficacy Study

This study aims to investigate and compare the intervention effects of combining exercise and cognitive training (either sequentially or simultaneously in a dual-task paradigm) in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. The investigators hypothesize that (1) both sequential and dual-task training can induce greater improvements in the outcome measures than single mode of training; (2) the improvement in cognitive functions and other outcomes may differ between the groups.

NCT02512627
Conditions
  1. Mild Cognitive Impairment
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Cognitive training
  2. Behavioral: Physical exercise
MeSH:Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Cognitive impairment Mental deterioration

The raw score of each subtest will also be transferred to standardized Z scores and summed to represent an index of general cognitive function.. BDNF val66met genotype. --- val66met ---

Saliva samples will be collected at baseline to determine the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met genotype.. Inclusion Criteria: 1. able to follow instruction, 2. clinical dementia rating (CDR) = 0.5 or 1, 3. self- or informant-reported memory or cognitive complaint, and 4. able to perform activities of daily living (Barthel Index ≥ 70). --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The MoCA will be used to assess general cognitive functions. It examines several cognitive domains with a total score of 30.

Measure: Change scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Stroop test will be used to assess the processing speed, inhibition, set-shifting, and selective attention abilities. The participants will be tested under 2 conditions: congruent and incongruent conditions. In the congruent condition, the color ink of a word is consistent with the written color name; while the color ink differs from the written color name under the incongruent condition.

Measure: Change scores of Stroop test

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The dual-task tests will be assessed to determine the ability for an individual to perform 2 tasks simultaneously. The investigators will assess the dual-task performance during walking and performing box and block test. The results of the dual-task tests will provide information regarding to whether the 2 tasks compete for the same class of neural resources or one of the tasks can be carried out automatically.

Measure: Change scores of Dual-task test

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The TUG test will be used to assess the mobility and dynamic balance ability. The participants will be required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, then walk back to the chair, and sit down. The time to complete the TUG test has been shown to be a good indicator to detect potential fallers and frail elderly (Podsiadlo & Richardson, 1991). The test-retest reliability of TUG on individuals with cognitive impairment was excellent (Blankevoort, van Heuvelen, & Scherder, 2013).

Measure: Change scores of Timed up and go (TUG) test

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Verbal fluency tests will be used to evaluate the semantic memory of the participants. The participants will be instructed to say as many words as possible from a given category (i.e., fruit or animal) in 1 minute. The validity, reliability, and normative performance of verbal fluency tests have been well-established (Harrison, Buxton, Husain, & Wise, 2000).

Measure: Change scores of the Verbal Fluency Test

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Useful field of view (UFOV) is the visual area over which useful information could be obtained at a quick glance without eye or head movements. This UFOV will be assessed with the BrainHQ program. The UFOV will assess the abilities of visuomotor processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention (Ball, Edwards, & Ross, 2007).

Measure: Change scores of the Useful Field of View (UFOV)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The 30 second chair stand test (CST) will be assessed to indicate the strength and endurance level of the lower extremities. The participants will be asked to stand up from a standardized chair and then sit down as many times as possible within 30 seconds. The feasibility and reliability of using CST in people with cognitive impairment have been established to be good (Blankevoort et al., 2013).

Measure: Change scores of the 30 second chair stand test (CST)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) is an international measure for health-related physical activity. A short form of IPAQ will be used to assess changes in physical activity before and after intervention in this study. The reliability and validity of IPAQ has been established across 12 countries (Craig et al., 2003).

Measure: Change scores of the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Assess activities of daily living

Measure: Change scores of the Barthel Index (BI)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Assess activities of daily living.

Measure: Change scores of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Assess activities of daily living.

Measure: Change scores of the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Chinese version of QoLAD will be used.

Measure: Change scores of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Instrument (QoLAD)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Chinese version of CBI will be used.

Measure: Change scores of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Chinese version of short form GDS will be used.

Measure: Change scores of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The CIQ measures items relevant to home integration, social integration, and productive activities.

Measure: Change scores of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The actigraphy will be placed on the waist for a 3-day period immediately before and after the intervention. The participants will wear the actigraphy during all daily activities except for those that involve water (i.e., showering or swimming).

Measure: Change scores of the ActiGraph GX3 accelerometers Change scores of the ActiGraph

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The participant will be seated upright in a chair with back support, the knee will be placed in 90-degree flexion and the evaluator will stabilize the thing to eliminate synergistic movements. Participants will be asked to perform a maximal isometric contraction of knee flexion and extension with both lower extremities. The investigators will record the mean value of 3 attempts.

Measure: Change scores of evaluating isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. The investigators will record the mean value of 3 attempts.

Measure: Change scores of using hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of both hand

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The investigators will use the WMS-III subtests, including Faces Recognition (score range 0-48), Verbal Paired Associates (score range 0-32), Word Lists (0-48), and Spatial Span (0-32) to assess the immediate, delayed, and working memory tests. Higher scores indicated better performance for each subtest. The raw score of each subtest will also be transferred to standardized Z scores and summed to represent an index of general memory function.

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The WAIS-III includes tests that evaluate cognitive functions in verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual organization, and processing speed. The subtests that the investigators will use are the Digit Symbol-Coding (scores range 0-133) and Matrix Reasoning tests (0-26). The raw score of each subtest will also be transferred to standardized Z scores and summed to represent an index of general cognitive function.

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III)

Time: baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Saliva samples will be collected at baseline to determine the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met genotype.

Measure: BDNF val66met genotype

Time: baseline

6 Restoring Emotion Regulation Networks in Depression Vulnerability: An Experimental Study Applying an Attention Bias Modification Procedure

Selective biases in attention can be modified by a simple computerized technique: The Attention Bias Modification Task (ABM) pioneered by MacLeod et al. Cognitive biases may be one reason depression recurs, and altering these biases should reduce risk of recurrence. Recently, evidence has supported this hypothesis . The mechanisms by which ABM works are not well understood. More research is needed to explore how altering an implicit attentional bias can lead to changes in subjective mood. One possible explanation is that positive attentional biases are an important component of explicit methods of emotion regulation. The ability to effectively regulate one's emotions is a fundamental component of mental health and this ability is impaired in depression. It has also been shown that recovered depressed people spontaneously show a more dysfunctional pattern of emotion regulation as compared to never depressed controls. Supporting this, growing evidence implicates dysregulation of a medial/orbitofrontal circuit in mood disorders. This circuit includes the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, the ventral striatum, the ventral pallidum and medial thalamus. Components of this circuit are reciprocally connected with the amygdala, which is implicated in emotional processing in the healthy brain and dysregulated in depression. Negative emotion processing biases depend on both enhanced "bottom-up" responses to emotionally salient stimuli and reduces "top-down" cognitive control mechanisms, required to suppress responses to emotionally salient but task irrelevant information. Cognitive reappraisal and distancing are common strategies to down- or upregulate emotional responses. Reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy that involves reinterpretation and changing the way one thinks about an event or stimulus with the goal of changing its affective impact. Distancing is a type of reappraisal that involves creating mental space between oneself and the emotional event in order to see things from a different, less self-focused perspective. It has been shown that distancing is a strategy that people can improve at over time compared to reinterpretation. The neural systems which support the explicit regulation of emotion have previously been characterized and include both lateral- and prefrontal cortex. This frontal activity is predicted to downregulate limbic circuitry involving the amygdala during passive viewing of emotional salient stimuli.

NCT02931487
Conditions
  1. Major Depression
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Attentional Bias Modification
  2. Behavioral: Sham Comparator
MeSH:Depression Depressive Disorder
HPO:Depressivity

Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphic variation linked to Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) variation will differentiate between ABMT and neutral AMB placebo as measured by fMRI whole brain BOLD responses.. Serotonergic cumulative genetic score and fMRI. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Stronger fMRI BOLD response in prefrontal cortical regions in ABMT compared to neutral AMB placebo condition.

Measure: BOLD response in prefrontal cortical regions

Time: Two weeks after after ABM-training

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Lower ABM fMRI BOLD response within the amygdala in ABMT compared to neutral ABM placebo condition.

Measure: BOLD response within the amygdala

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

Description: Increased neural integrity as measured by fractional anisotropy values in the uncinate fasciculi (UF) in the active AMBT compared to neutral ABM placebo condition.

Measure: DTI

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

Description: Increased integrity within the attentional networks at rest as measured by independent component analysis (ICA) in ABMT compared to neutral ABM training.

Measure: RSFC

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

Description: The low expressive variant will be associated with more frontal BOLD activation and lower amygdala activation after ABMT

Measure: 5-HTTLPR + A>G polymorphic variation divided by the triallelic functional "high expressive" versus "low expressive" genotype will moderate the impact from ABMT as measured by whole brain BOLD responses.

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

Description: Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphic variation linked to Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) variation will differentiate between ABMT and neutral AMB placebo as measured by fMRI whole brain BOLD responses.

Measure: BDNF

Time: Two week after ABM-training

Description: A serotonergic cumulative Genetic score, including (5-HHTLPR, HTR1A 8rs6295) and HTR 2A (rs 6311) polymorphisms will moderate the effects of ABM on fMRI BOLD signal compared to a neutral placebo condition.

Measure: Serotonergic cumulative genetic score and fMRI

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

Description: A serotonergic cumulative Genetic score, including (5-HHTLPR, HTR1A 8rs6295) and HTR 2A (rs 6311) polymorphisms will moderate the effects of ABM on structural MRI as measured by total grey matter volume compared to a neutral placebo condition.

Measure: Serotonergic cumulative genetic score and morphompetry

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

Description: A serotonergic cumulative Genetic score, including (5-HHTLPR, HTR1A 8rs6295) and HTR 2A (rs 6311) polymorphisms will moderate the effects of ABM on DTI MRI as measured by fractional anisotropy compared to a neutral placebo condition.

Measure: Serotonergic cumulative genetic score and fMRI and DTI

Time: Two weeks after ABM-training

7 Loss of Depotentiation in Focal Dystonia

Background Focal dystonia is a brain disorder. It affects a muscle or muscles in a specific part of the body. Researchers think it may be related to excessive training or practice. They want to know more about how much training might trigger focal dystonia. Objectives: To study why people develop focal dystonia. To study how brain plasticity changes with focal dystonia. Eligibility: People at least 18 years of age with focal dystonia. Healthy volunteers the same age are also needed. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and questions. They may have blood and urine tests. Participants will have up to 3 testing visits. Participants will have small electrodes stuck on the skin on the hands or arms. Muscle activity will be recorded. Participants will have transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A wire coil will be placed onto the scalp. A brief electrical current will pass through the coil. The current will create a magnetic field that affects brain activity. Participants may be asked to tense certain muscles or do simple actions during TMS. A nerve at the wrist will get weak electrical stimulation. The stimulation may be paired with TMS for very short times. Participants will receive repeated magnetic pulses. Participants will receive a total of 150 pulses during a 10-second period. An entire testing visit will last about 3 hours. ...

NCT03206112
Conditions
  1. Focal Dystonia
  2. Healthy Volunteers
Interventions
  1. Other: PAS25
  2. Other: PAS10
  3. Other: PAS25-cTBS150
MeSH:Dystonia Dystonic Disorders
HPO:Dystonia Focal dystonia Limb dystonia Paroxysmal dystonia Writer's cramp

The Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism is related to abnormal cortical plasticity. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: compare MEP amplitude in patients with that in healthy volunteers to identify whether depotentiation is weaker in focal dystonia

Measure: MEP amplitude immediately after the PAS25-cTBS150 (depotentiation) protocol

Time: throughout

Secondary Outcomes

Description: MEP amplitudes at other time points after the PAS25-cTBS150 procedure

Measure: MEP amplitudes

Time: throughout

8 The Development of Skin Adhesive Patches for the Monitoring and Prediction of Mental Disorders

development of skin adhesive patches for the monitoring and prediction of mental disorders

NCT02690324
Conditions
  1. Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorder
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: cognitive stress (serial 7)
MeSH:Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder, Major Anxiety Disorders
HPO:Depressivity

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) genotyping: Val66Met. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: changes of skin conductane level(SCL) and skin conductance response(SCR)

Measure: Electrodermal activity(EDA)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: changes of SDNN, RMSSD and LF/HF ratio

Measure: Heart rate variability

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) genotyping: Val66Met

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IFN-γ, TNF-α

Measure: Cytokines

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Measure: Leptin

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Measure: Adiponectin

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Measure: Epinephrine

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Measure: Norepinephrine

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Measure: C reactive protein

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: serum, plasma, platelet BDNF

Measure: BDNF

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: structured interview assessing for DSM-IV Axis I disorders with strong reliability and validity in relation to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV)

Measure: MINI plus

Time: Baseline

Description: assess current and past Axis I diagnoses

Measure: MINI Suicidality Module

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: changes of HAMD-17 total socres

Measure: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17(HAMD-17)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: changes of HAMA total scores

Measure: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: ASI-3 to measure the three most supported AS domains: social (i.e., fear of exhibiting symptoms in public that may elicit embarrassment), cognitive (i.e., fear of losing cognitive control or experiencing concentration difficulties), and physical (i.e., fear that physical sensations are a sign of an immediate physical problem).

Measure: Anxiety Sensitivity Index(ASI)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: The APPQ (Rapee et al., 1995) is a 27-item instrument that is designed to measure interoceptive, agoraphobic, and social situational fear. Subjects respond to each item on a 9-point Likert scale from 0 to 8, according to how much fear they think they would experience in a given situation so that total scores range from 0 to 216.

Measure: APPQ(Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: 16-item questionnaire that aims to measure the trait of worry, using Likert rating from 1 (not at all typical of me) to 5 (very typical of me)

Measure: PSWQ(Penn state worry questionnaire)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: emotional, somatic, cognitive, and behavioral stress responses.

Measure: SRI(Stress response Inventory)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful.

Measure: Perceived Stress Scale(PSS)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a widely used measure of impulsiveness. It includes 30 items that are scored to yield six first-order factors (attention, motor, self-control, cognitive complexity, perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).The BIS-11 is a 30-item self-report questionnaire, that is scored to yield a total score, three second-order factors, and six first-order factors.

Measure: Barratt Impulsivity Scale

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

Description: The items assess panic frequency, distress during panic, panic-focused anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance of situations, phobic avoidance of physical sensations, impairment in work functioning, and impairment in social functioning. The overall assessment is made by a total score, which is calculated by summing the scores for all seven items. The total scores range from 0 to 28.

Measure: Panic disorder severity scale(PDSS)

Time: baseline, 0.5, 1,2,3 months

9 Synergistic Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training on Cognition, Physiological Markers, Daily Function and Quality of Life in Stroke Patients With Cognitive Decline

The purpose of this study is to determine the treatment effects of sequential combination of aerobic exercise and cognitive training on cognitive function, physiological markers, daily function, physical function, social participation and quality of life in stroke patients with cognitive decline. The investigators hypothesized that: (1) sequential training protocol can improve outcome measures compared to single mode of training; (2) these treatment effects will retain at 6-month follow-up.

NCT02550990
Conditions
  1. Stroke Patients With Cognitive Decline
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Cognitive training
  2. Behavioral: Aerobic exercise training
  3. Behavioral: Sequential combination of aerobic exercise and cognitive training
MeSH:Stroke Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Cognitive impairment Mental deterioration Stroke

Genotyping of the BDNF val66met polymorphism. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Change scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Useful Field of View (UFOV)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Stroop Color-Word test

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The dual-task tests will be assessed to determine the ability for an individual to perform 2 tasks simultaneously. The investigators will assess the dual-task performance during walking and performing box and block test. The results of the dual-task tests will provide information regarding to whether the 2 tasks compete for the same class of neural resources or one of the tasks can be carried out automatically.

Measure: Change scores of Dual-task test

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Change scores of serum BDNF level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: Antioxidative markers will be used to reflect the changes on oxidative stress. In particular, we will be analyzing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

Measure: Change scores of Antioxidative marker

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: HbA1C level will be tested to investigate the relationships between blood glucose level and aerobic exercise.

Measure: Change scores of Glucose indicator

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: The cholesterol ratio (total cholesterol divided by high-density lipid) will be evaluated to reflect the lipid level in the blood.

Measure: Change scores of Plasma lipid level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Measure: Change scores of Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Caregiver Burden (CB) scale

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of EuroQol (EQ)-5D questionnaire

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Timed up and go test (TUG)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Six-minute walk test (6MWT)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Mobility level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Measure: Change scores of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: We will evaluate isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength using handheld dynamometer. Also, we will use hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of the affected and less affected hand while the participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.

Measure: Change scores of muscle strength

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Change scores of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Measure: Genotyping of the BDNF val66met polymorphism

Time: Between baseline and posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

10 Enhancing Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Virtual Reality and Imaginal Exposure With a Cognitive Enhancer

The purpose of this study is to test the differences between four active treatment conditions for combat-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) or prolonged imaginal exposure therapy (PE), both with DCS or placebo, as well as to examine predictors for PTSD and response to treatment in active duty military personnel, veterans, and civilians who served in Iraq and Afghanistan.

NCT01352637
Conditions
  1. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Interventions
  1. Drug: DCS (D-Cycloserine ) + Prolonged Imaginal Exposure
  2. Drug: DCS (D-Cycloserine ) + Virtual Reality Exposure
  3. Drug: Placebo + Prolonged Imaginal Exposure
  4. Drug: Placebo (sugar pill) + Virtual Reality Exposure
MeSH:Stress Disorders, Traumatic Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

heart rate, blood pressure) and/or a genetic polymorphism (BDNF Val66Met) obtained from a saliva sample will be examined. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) for the DSM-IV [34]. The CAPS-IV is a structured clinical interview designed to assess the 17 DSM-IV PTSD symptoms. CAPS-IV provides categorical ratings of diagnostic status as well as a quantitative index of symptom severity. The CAPS total severity score is based on response to the 17 items that assess the frequency and intensity of current PTSD symptoms. Symptom severity is assessed separately for past month and past week time frames. CAPS-IV range is 0-136, higher scores mean a worse outcome.

Measure: CAPS-IV at the End of Treatment

Time: after weekly treatment session 9 (at posttreatment assessment)

11 Genetic Association Study Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Cognitive Performance in Young Bipolar Type I Patients: LICAVALGENE

This is a genetic association study of cognitive impairment in young bipolar disease type I patients without medications in mania, depression, hypomania or mixed states.

NCT00969930
Conditions
  1. Bipolar

Methods: 80 patients with BD type I (SCID DSM-IV), age from 18 to 35 years old, currently on mania, depression, hypomania or mixed state after medication wash out will be submitted to complete neuropsychological evaluation and genotyped for COMT (val158met, rs165599, -287, rs737865), ApoE (epsilon 4) and BDNF (val66met)and 80 healthy controls. --- val158met --- --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Cognitive deficits in BD patients are associated with COMT, ApoE and BDNF polymorphisms

Time: 18 months

12 The Role of Sex Steroids and Serotonin Brain Dynamics in Perinatal Mental Health

Hormonal transitions such as across pregnancy and postpartum may trigger depressive episodes in some women. It is not known why, but estrogen sensitivity may play a critical role. A preclinical human risk model showed that depressive symptoms induced by pharmacological sex-hormone manipulation is linked to increases in serotonin transporter (SERT) brain binding, which lowers serotonergic brain tone. It is currently unknown if these findings translates to women across pre- to postpartum transitions. This longitudinal project studies a group of women who will deliver by planned caesarian, thus permitting the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) containing central markers of serotonergic signaling, at the latest point in pregnancy. The women are followed across late pregnancy, delivery and 6 months postpartum to illuminate relations between sex-hormones, stress-regulation, estradiol sensitivity, csf markers of neurotransmission, serotonin transporter genotype variance, and potential development of subclinical or manifest depressive symptoms. Further, markers of relevance for the infant brain development and stress-regulation will be obtained from placenta tissue and umbilical cord blood. A subgroup of 70 women will participate in a brain imaging program early postpartum (week 3-5), which includes an evaluation of brain activity and structure and in vivo molecular brain imaging serotonergic markers. Thus, serotonergic markers in csf can be combined with postpartum molecular brain imaging of key features of serotonin signaling. Women in the imaging program are selected based on variation in their level of mental distress immediately postpartum (day 2-5). The study's main hypothesis is that women with high-expressing SERT genotypes are more sensitive to peripartum hormonal transition in terms of changes in serotonergic tone and emergence of depressive symptoms and that such an association will be stronger in the presence of candidate gene transcript biomarkers of oestrogen sensitivity. A further hypothesis is that in vivo molecular brain imaging and csf based serotonergic markers will be associated with depressive symptoms both early and later postpartum. Ideally, this project will provide a rationale for future targeted prevention and/or treatment of perinatal depression in women at high risk, which holds grand potential to protect not only mother but also infant brain health long-term.

NCT03795688
Conditions
  1. Major Depressive Disorder
  2. Perinatal Depression
Interventions
  1. Other: Pregnancy
MeSH:Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder, Major
HPO:Depressivity

BDNF val66met (rs6265) status, binary variable, i.e. "val/val" versus "met-carrier" status. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Score range: 0-30. Higher scores indicate more symptoms of postpartum depression. Total group

Measure: Depressive symptoms

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Score on the Hamilton 17-item depression scale. Score range: 0-52. Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. Assessed in imaging group

Measure: Depressive symptoms

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: 116 a priori defined gene transcripts, which where differentially expressed in third trimester of women who later developed perinatal depression with postpartum onset relative to pregnant women who did not and to other depressed (reference Mehta et al, 2014, Psychological Medicine) and confirmed to be coupled to estrogen fluctuations (Mehtaet al. 2018 British Journal of Psychiatry) will be evaluated in the total group. Also DNA methylation of the genes of these transcripts will be determined and analysed in terms of their predictive value (above chance) for perinatal depression.

Measure: Gene transcript and DNA methylation markers of estrogen sensitivity

Time: Prior to caesarean section

Description: Latent variable construct of brain 5-HT4R level based on quantification of 5-HT4R binding from 11C-SB207145 positron emission tomography in primary volumes of interest; neocortex, nucleus caudatus, putamen and hippocampus. Assessed in imaging group.

Measure: Cerebral serotonin 4 receptor binding postpartum

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Assessed in total group

Measure: CSF levels of GABA

Time: On day of caesarean section

Description: Assessed in total group

Measure: CSF levels of serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA)

Time: On day of caesarean section

Description: Cortisol awakening response, area under the curve with respect to baseline from 0 to 60 minutes from awakening.

Measure: Cortisol awakening response

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Provides an estimate of cortisol exposure up to 6 months prior to delivery, total group

Measure: Hair cortisol level mothers

Time: On day of caesarean section.

Description: Provides an estimate of fetal cortisol exposure, infants from total group

Measure: Hair cortisol level newborns

Time: Day 0-5 postpartum.

Description: Hippocampal brain volume (including hippocampus) from structural MRI, imaging group.

Measure: Hippocampal volumes

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum.

Description: fMRI (BOLD response) based assessment of brain activity in response to reward, relative to non-reward, stimuli. Assessed in imaging cohort

Measure: functional MRI response to reward

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum.

Description: rsfMRI based spontaneous co-fluctuations in low frequency BOLD signal, (functional connectivity). Assessed with rsfMRI scan in the resting state, i.e. non-goal oriented spontaneous thought and awake. Assessed in imaging group.

Measure: Resting state functional connectivity MRI

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in epigenetic SERT status from late pregnancy to postpartum week 3-6.

Measure: Change in epigenetic SERT status

Time: From just before delivery to 3-6 weeks postpartum

Description: Composite measure of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-10 levels, total group

Measure: Concentration of inflammatory markers, i.e hsCRP and immunoactive cytokines, in peripheral blood

Time: At week 3-6

Description: fMRI (BOLD response) based assessment of brain activity to emotionally salient, relative to neutral, stimuli. Assessed in imaging cohort.

Measure: functional MRI response to emotional faces

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Score on the Hamilton 17-item depression scale. Score range: 0-52. Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. Assessed in imaging group

Measure: Depressive symptoms

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Score on the Hamilton 17-item depression scale. Score range: 0-52. Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. Assessed in imaging group

Measure: Depressive symptoms

Time: Week 12 postpartum

Description: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Score range: 0-30. Higher scores indicate more symptoms of postpartum depression. Assessed in total group

Measure: Depressive symptoms

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Score range: 0-30. Higher scores indicate more symptoms of postpartum depression. Assessed in all

Measure: Depressive symptoms

Time: 6 months postpartum

Description: Assessed in total group

Measure: CSF levels of serotonin

Time: On day of caesarean section

Description: Assessed in total group

Measure: CSF levels of dopamine metabolites

Time: On day of caesarean section

Description: Assessed in total group

Measure: CSF levels of noradrenaline metabolites

Time: On day of caesarean section

Description: Composite measure of IFN-c, IFN-alfa TNF-alfa og IL-6, in total group

Measure: CSF levels of inflammatory markers

Time: On day of caesarean section

Description: Estradiol level in peripheral blood, total group

Measure: Estradiol level

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Estradiol level peripheral blood, total group

Measure: Estradiol level

Time: At week 3-6 postpartum.

Description: Estradiol change pre- to postpartum, peripheral blood total group

Measure: Change in estradiol level

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Progesterone level in peripheral blood

Measure: Progesterone level

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Progesterone level in peripheral blood

Measure: Progesterone level

Time: At week 3-6 postpartum.

Description: Progesterone change pre- to postpartum, peripheral blood total group

Measure: Change in progesterone level

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Allopregnanolone level in peripheral blood

Measure: Allopregnanolone level

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Allopregnanolone level in peripheral blood

Measure: Allopregnanolone level

Time: At week 3-6 postpartum.

Description: Change in allopregnanolone level in peripheral blood

Measure: Change in allopregnanolone level

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Cortisol change pre- to postpartum, peripheral blood total group

Measure: Change in cortisol level

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Cortisol awakening response, area under the curve with respect to baseline from 0 to 60 minutes from awakening.

Measure: Cortisol awakening response

Time: Week 12 postpartum

Description: Cortisol awakening response, area under the curve with respect to baseline from 0 to 60 minutes from awakening.

Measure: Cortisol awakening response

Time: Prior to caesarean section

Description: Change in cortisol awakening response, from caesarean section to 3-6 weeks postpartum.

Measure: Change in cortisol awakening response

Time: ´From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Methylation status for the SERT gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the SERT gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section

Description: DNA Methylation status for the SERT gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the SERT gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Methylation status for the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Methylation status for the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in methylation status for the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene from late pregnancy to postpartum week 3-6.

Measure: Change in DNA methylation of the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Methylation status for the glucocorticoid receptor gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Methylation status for the glucocorticoid receptor gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in methylation status for the glucocorticoid receptor gene from late pregnancy to postpartum week 3-6.

Measure: Change in DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Methylation status for the COMT gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the COMT gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Methylation status for the COMT gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the COMT gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in methylation status for the COMT gene from just before delivery to 3-6 weeks postpartum

Measure: Change in DNA methylation of the COMT gene

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Methylation status for the MAO-A gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the MAO-A gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Change in methylation status for the MAO-A gene, total group

Measure: Change in DNA methylation of the MAO-A gene

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Methylation status for the MAO-A gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the MAO-A gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Methylation status for the oxytocin receptor gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Methylation status for the oxytocin receptor gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in methylation status for the oxytocin receptor gene, total group

Measure: Change in DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Methylation status for the oxytocin gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the oxytocin gene

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Methylation status for the oxytocin gene, total group

Measure: DNA methylation of the oxytocin gene

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change methylation status for the oxytocin gene, total group

Measure: Change in DNA methylation of the oxytocin gene

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum)

Description: Composite measure of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-10 levels, total group

Measure: Systemic inflammation peripheral blood hsCRP and immunoactive cytokines

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: Change in composite measure of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-10 levels, total group

Measure: Change in systemic inflammation peripheral blood hsCRP and immunoactive cytokines

Time: From baseline (caesarean section to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Family History Assessment Module (OS-FHAM). Number of first degree relatives with a history of depressive episodes or bipolar disorder. Total group.

Measure: Self reported family history of mood disorders

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum or before

Description: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), self-reported. Range: 30-120. Total group.

Measure: Self reported impulsiveness score

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum or before

Description: NEO-PI-R - Revised NEO Personality Inventory, self-reported. Participants may score 20-80 for each of the personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The higher the score, the more prominent is the personality trait. Total group.

Measure: Self reported Neuroticism score from NEO personality questionnaire

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum or before

Description: Parental bonding instrument (PBI), both parents, self-reported. Total group.

Measure: Self reported parental bonding quality

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum or before

Description: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), range 0-40, a score of 0 indicates no perceived stress. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported perceived stress

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), range 0-40, a score of 0 indicates no perceived stress. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported perceived stress

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), range 0-40, a score of 0 indicates no perceived stress. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported perceived stress

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), range 0-14, a score of 0 indicates no self-reported anhedonia. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported anhedonia

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), range 0-14, a score of 0 indicates no self-reported anhedonia. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported anhedonia

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) score, range 0-14, a score of 0 indicates no self-reported anhedonia. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported anhedonia

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Rumination Response Scale (RRS), range 22-88, a score of 22 indicates no ruminative symptoms. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported rumination

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Rumination Response Scale (RRS), range 22-88, a score of 22 indicates no ruminative symptoms. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported rumination

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Rumination Response Scale (RRS) score, range 22-88, a score of 22 indicates no ruminative symptoms. Total group.

Measure: Change in elf-reported rumination

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Profile of Mood States (POMS), range 0-260, a score of 0 indicates no mood disturbance. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported mood

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Profile of Mood States (POMS), range 0-260, a score of 0 indicates no mood disturbance. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported mood

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Profile of Mood States (POMS) score, range 0-260, a score of 0 indicates no mood disturbance. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported mood

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), range 0-21, a score of 0 indicates a healthy sleep quality. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported sleep quality

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), range 0-21, a score of 0 indicates a healthy sleep quality. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported sleep quality

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), range 0-21, a score of 0 indicates a healthy sleep quality. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported sleep quality

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Brief symptom Inventory-53 item (BSI-53), range 0-212, increasing score means worsening of symptoms.Total group.

Measure: Self-reported psychiatric symptoms

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: Brief symptom Inventory-53 item (BSI-53), range 0-212, increasing score means worsening of symptoms.Total group.

Measure: Self-reported psychiatric symptoms

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Brief symptom Inventory-53 item (BSI-53) score, range 0-212, increasing score means worsening of symptoms.Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported psychiatric symptoms

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: WHO-5 well-being index, range 0-100, low score means less well-being. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported well-being

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: WHO-5 well-being index, range 0-100, low score means less well-being. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported well-being

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in WHO-5 well-being index, range 0-100, low score means less well-being. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported well-being

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-AD-D), state and trait subscales each have a range of 20-80, 20 means no anxiety. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported anxiety

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum

Description: State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-AD-D), state subscale range 20-80, 20 means no anxiety. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported anxiety

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-AD-D) score, state subscale range 20-80, 20 means no anxiety. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported anxiety

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI) score, self-reported, range 0-72, higher scores indicate more symptoms. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported obsessive and compulsive symptoms

Time: Day 3-5

Description: Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI) score, self-reported, range 0-72, higher scores indicate more symptoms. Total group.

Measure: Self-reported obsessive and compulsive symptoms

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Change in Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI) score, self-reported, range 0-72, higher scores indicate more symptoms. Total group.

Measure: Change in self-reported obsessive and compulsive symptoms

Time: Change from day 3-5 to week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Performance on Simple Reaction Time, in imaging cohort.

Measure: Performance on Simple Reaction Time

Time: Week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Gray matter brain volume prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex

Measure: Gray matter brain volume prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex

Time: At week 3-6 postpartum

Description: Composite measure of serotonin, tryptophan og tryptofan hydroxylase levels relative to 5-HIAA, in placenta sample. Infants from total group

Measure: Serotonergic turnover in placenta

Time: At delivery.

Description: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in placenta. Infants from total group

Measure: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in placenta

Time: At delivery

Description: Composite measure of methylation status for the FKBP5, glucocorticoid receptor, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 genes. Infants from total group

Measure: Methylation status of genes relevant for stress-hormone regulation in placenta

Time: At delivery

Description: Composite measure of the methylation status for monoamine oxidase, serotonin receptor and serotonin transporter genes. Infants from total group

Measure: Methylation status of genes related to serotonergic signaling in placenta

Time: At delivery

Description: Composite measure of methylation status and gene transcript profiles of Glucocorticoid receptor, FKBP5, oxytocin and oxytocin receptors, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes. Assessed in blood from umbilical cord blood sample from infants, total group.

Measure: Methylation status and gene transcript profiles of relevance for early brain development and stress regulation in newborn infants

Time: At delivery.

Other Outcomes

Description: val158met (rs4680) status, binary variable, i.e. "val/val, val/met" vs "met/met" variants

Measure: COMT-genotype (rs4680) variant, i.e met/met vs other polymorphisms

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: BDNF val66met (rs6265) status, binary variable, i.e. "val/val" versus "met-carrier" status

Measure: BDNF genotype (rs6265) status, i.e. val/val versus met-carrier variants

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: 5-HTTLPR genotype status (binary), i.e. high-expressing LALA vs low-expressing (S or LG) variants, based on SLC6A4, i.e. L or S variants, and further subtyping on rs25531 haplotype L(A)L(A) vs LGLA, LGLG or variants containing as S as specified above.

Measure: 5-HTT genotype status, i.e LALA vs low-expressing (S or LG) variants

Time: Prior to caesarean section.

Description: In house interview based on Kennerley Maternity Blues Questionnaire, range: 0-28, higher score indicates more severe postpartum blues symptoms. High blues score is associated with greater risk for perinatal depression at week 3-6.

Measure: Postpartum blues symptoms

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum.

Description: In house interview based on Stein's Maternity Blues Scale, range 0-26. High blues score is associated with greater risk for perinatal depression at week 3-6.

Measure: Postpartum blues symptoms

Time: Day 3-5 postpartum.

13 Dual Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (dTDCS)-Enhanced Therapy After Hemorrhagic Strokes and VEGF

This study will evaluate the feasibility of dual tDCS to improve arm motor function in chronic stroke patients. In addition it will collect pilot data on the blood biomarkers associated with treatment effect.

NCT03857243
Conditions
  1. Hemorrhagic Stroke
  2. Hemiparesis
Interventions
  1. Device: dual transcranial direct current stimulation
MeSH:Stroke Paresis Intracranial Hemorrhages
HPO:Cerebral hemorrhage Hemiparesis Intracranial hemorrhage Stroke

Since in animal models VEGF and BDNF have a complimentary role, VEGF polymorphism may explain some of the variability in strength of association between BDNF polymorphism Val66Met and recovery. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: any adverse events that might be related to study procedures

Measure: Adverse Events

Time: enrollment to 3 month followup

Description: Upper extremity motor impairment scale. Scale ranges from 0 (worst, can not perform any tasks) to 66 ( performs all tasks fully).

Measure: Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Score

Time: change between before and 3 months follow-up

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Timed performance of 15 functional upper extremity tasks, 0-120 seconds, and 2 strength measures. WMFT time measurements are calculated as the arithmetic mean of rate of performance, where we calculate "how many times would a person have completed the task, had he or she been performing it continuously for 60 seconds". Therefore the results have a minimum score of 0, where the subject could not perform any of the tasks, and no pre-defined maximum score, the higher the rate score the faster the subject was able to perform the tasks. ( see Hodics et al.,2013)

Measure: Wolf Motor Function Test

Time: change between before and at 3 months follow-up

14 Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Mechanisms of Neuroplasticity and Psychomotor Behaviours in Parkinson's Disease Patients: a Randomized Study With 1-year Follow up

There are experimental evidences of the important role of high intensity physical exercise in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, that induces similar effects to pharmacotherapy. So far, the mechanisms of the impact of these changes on the brain subcortical and cortical regions functioning, motor activities and cognitive functions are still not clear. The aim of this longitudinal (prospective) human experiment is to examine the effects of two cycles of 12-weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on: (i) the level of dopamine (DA) in putamen in striatum, (ii) neurophysiological function of subcortical and cortical motor structures and skeletal muscle activity, (iii) psychomotor behaviors critically associated with dopamine dependent neural structures functioning and (iv) neurotrophic factors' secretion level in blood. The investigators will recruit 40 PD individuals, who will be divided into two groups: one of them will perform two 12-weeks cycles of HIIT (PD-TR), and the other will not be trained (PD-NTR) with HIIT. The investigators will also recruit 20 age-matched healthy controls (H-CO) as additional control group who will not perform the HIIT. The PD-TR group will perform the two 12-weeks cycles of the HIIT, that induces beneficial, neuroplastic changes and alleviates the PD symptoms, what was found in earlier studies. All PD subjects (PD-TR and PD-NTR) will be examined during their medication "OFF-phase" (it means after dopaminergic drugs withdrawal) before (Pre) and after (Post) training cycles (first training cycle - HIIT 1; second training cycle - HIIT 2), and namely: Pre HIIT 1, 1 week-, 1.5 month- and 3 months-Post HIIT 1; and then similarly 1 week-, 1.5 month- and 3 months-Post HIIT 2. The subject from H-CO will be tested only once. To examine the assumed HIIT-induced changes in brain functioning the investigators will apply: (i) the positron emission tomography (PET), (ii) the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), (iii) electroencephalography (EEG) and (iv) an analysis of neurotrophic factors secretion level in blood. The investigators will also assess motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and psychomotor behaviors based on neuropsychological tests of cognitive functions and manual dexterity. The results of this project will help to answer the fundamental questions about HIIT induced mechanisms of neuroplasticity in PD patients, what is important from scientific and treatment-strategy point of view.

NCT04204551
Conditions
  1. Parkinson's Disease
  2. Physical Activity
  3. Neurorehabilitation
  4. Neuroplasticity
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
  2. Behavioral: conventional physical therapy
MeSH:Parkinson Disease

Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF - genotyping of BDNF polymorphism. --- Val66Met ---

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BDNF Val66Met variant (rs 6265) will be genotyped by using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. --- Val66Met ---

The PD patients neuroplastic responsiveness to HIIT will be influenced by the BDNF polymorphism type, with potentially worse responsiveness for the Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF (this polymorphism causes a valine to methionine change at position 66 of the proBDNF protein). --- Val66Met ---

The investigators hypothesize that, the HIIT related increase of presynaptic DA availability will be significantly positively correlated with: (i) an improvement of NPFs and PMBs, and with an increased level of BDNF secretion in blood, and (ii) negatively with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism type in PD-TR group. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: To examine presynaptic striatal DA availability (in dorsal putamen) using PET imaging method with the 18F-dopa - [18F]fluorodopa uptake. The recordings will be expressed in Ki ref values [Ki ref] and Standard Uptake Values [SUV].

Measure: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-dopa - PET imaging with [18F]fluorodopa uptake.

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: To examine presynaptic striatal DA availability (in dorsal putamen) using PET imaging method with the 18F-dopa - [18F]fluorodopa uptake. The recordings will be expressed in Ki ref values [Ki ref] and Standard Uptake Values [SUV].

Measure: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-dopa - PET imaging with [18F]fluorodopa uptake.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To examine presynaptic striatal DA availability (in dorsal putamen) using PET imaging method with the 18F-dopa - [18F]fluorodopa uptake. The recordings will be expressed in Ki ref values [Ki ref] and Standard Uptake Values [SUV].

Measure: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-dopa - PET imaging with [18F]fluorodopa uptake.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain subcortical and cortical structures using MRI scanner. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The image recordings will express metabolic brain activity as expressed in fMRI response [% BOLD signal].

Measure: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) - metabolic activity of brain recorded with MRI scanner.

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain subcortical and cortical structures using MRI scanner. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The image recordings will express metabolic brain activity as expressed in fMRI response [% BOLD signal].

Measure: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) - metabolic activity of brain recorded with MRI scanner.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain subcortical and cortical structures using MRI scanner. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The image recordings will express metabolic brain activity as expressed in fMRI response [% BOLD signal].

Measure: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) - metabolic activity of brain recorded with MRI scanner.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT1 starts

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as an amplitude of event related potentials and expressed in microvolts [µV].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - amplitude of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT1 starts

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as a latency of event related potentials and expressed in milliseconds [ms].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - latency of EEG event related potentials of brain cortex recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT1 starts

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of brain cortical structures, electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of brain cortex) will be recorded from scalp using 128-chanel system. The recordings will be conducted at rest and during self initiated index finger motor task and during mental imagery of this motor task. The recordings will be analyzed as the EEG power in the beta-band (≈13-35 Hz) and expressed in decibels [dB].

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) - EEG power in the beta-band recorded from scalp using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate neurophysiological functions of muscles engaged in an activity (hand muscles), electromyography (EMG - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles) will be collected using surface electrodes, during index finger motor tasks and at rest. The recordings will be expressed in millivolts [mV].

Measure: Electromyography (EMG) - recordings of electrical activity of skeletal muscles using surface electrodes.

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: To evaluate executive function and bimanual dexterity. The Purdue Pegboard consists of a test board, score sheets and elements to work with: pins, collars, washers. Subjects are instructed to insert pins to holes in the board or build the sets with the elements in a fixed time. The final score is the number of pins inserted or built sets [number of pins or sets].

Measure: Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) - neuropsychological test

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: TMT-A is a psychological measure of cognitive processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-A - trail making test, part A

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT1 starts

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: TMT-B is a psychological measure of executive function, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: TMT-B - trail making test, part B

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: ST-I is used as a psychological measure of processing speed, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-I - Stroop Test, part I

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: ST-II is used as a psychological measure of selective attention and inhibition, measured as performance time (the shorter the time the better performance), expressed in [s].

Measure: ST-II - Stroop Test, part II

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: Motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease signs/symptoms will be evaluated using UPDRS (sections I - III, that include the items 1 -31). Each item is expressed in [points] from 0 to 4 points, with an interpretation that the higher value means the severe accentuation of sign/symptom. The total score will be reported, as the sum of the points of the sections I-III (the score in the range 0 - 176 points) and each section's score will be reported as well, i.e.: the sum of the points of the section I (sum of points for items 1-4 in the range 0 - 16 points), the sum of the points of the section II (sum of points for items 5-17 in the range 0 - 52 points), the sum of the points of the section III (sum of points for items 18-31 in the range 0 - 108 points).

Measure: UPDRS - unified Parkinson's disease rating scale

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: BDNF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: BDNF - brain derived neurotrophic factor

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: NGF secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: NGF - nerve growth factor

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: IGF 1 secretion level in blood expressed in [pg/mL]

Measure: IGF 1 - insulin-like growth factor 1

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BDNF Val66Met variant (rs 6265) will be genotyped by using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Thermal cycling and end-point PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis will be performed on the Rotor-Gene Q 5plex real-time PCR Cycler and will be analyzed by Q-Rex-software. Genotype of BDNF polymorphism will be expressed in percentge values [% of genotype].

Measure: Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF - genotyping of BDNF polymorphism

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: Parkinson's disease stage evaluation using H&Y scale, expressed in [points] from 1 to 5 points. The modified version of the H&Y scale will be used, in which: the score 1 means - unilateral involvement only; the score 1.5 means - unilateral and axial involvement; the score 2 means - bilateral involvement without impairment of balance; the score 2.5 means - mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; the score 3 means - mild to moderate bilateral disease, some postural instability, physically independent; the score 4 means - severe disability, still able to walk or stand unassisted; the score 5 means - wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided.

Measure: H&Y scale - Hoehn and Yahr scale

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 1

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 1

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 1

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: 1-week Post-HIIT 2

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: 1.5-month Post-HIIT 2

Description: S&E DLA scale measure of daily function of Parkinson's disease patients, expressed in [%] from 100 to 0 % (with the higher % value as the better score). The 100% score means that the person is completely independent; able to do all chores without slowness, difficulty or impairment; essentially normal; unaware of any difficulty. The 0% score describes the person bedridden with the only vegetative functions such as swallowing; bladder and bowel functions are not functioning.

Measure: S&E DLA scale - Schwab and England Daily Living Activity Scale

Time: 3-months Post-HIIT 2

Description: MMSE will be used to to exclude the Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairment, expressed in [points]in the range from 0 to 30 points. It is an 11-question measure that tests five areas of cognitive function: orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language. A score of 23 or lower is indicative of cognitive impairment.

Measure: MMSE - Mini Mental State Examination

Time: Pre-HIIT 1 - it means up to 1-week before the HIIT 1 starts

15 Assessing Cognitive Improvements, Brain Neuroplasticity and the Role of Genetic Factors After Aerobic Exercise in Sedentary Adults

The overall goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cognition and determine the relationship between cognitive improvements and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) neuroplasticity. The investigators will also explore the effect modification of BDNF levels and BDNF allelic status, and APOE4 status on cognitive response after exercise.

NCT03804528
Conditions
  1. Sedentary Behavior
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise

Genetic testing will be performed to assess for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism.. Allelic Status APOE. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: An index of the duration of the Theta-Burst Stimulation (TBS) induced modulation of corticospinal excitability (the time-point at which the normalized mean Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) amplitude returns to baseline values) will be defined for each participant.

Measure: Change in TMS Plasticity Measures

Time: baseline and after 8 weeks of exercise

Description: Cognitive performance will be assessed using a neuropsychological test battery in executive function, processing speed, learning, and language.

Measure: Change in Cognitive Performance

Time: baseline and after 8 weeks of exercise

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Blood samples will be collected for BDNF levels.

Measure: Changes in BDNF Levels

Time: baseline and after 8 weeks of exercise

Description: A maximal treadmill test will be performed to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) as a measure of aerobic capacity.

Measure: Change in Aerobic Capacity (Cardiovascular Fitness)

Time: baseline and after 8 weeks of exercise

Description: Genetic testing will be performed to assess for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism.

Measure: Allelic Status BDNF

Time: baseline

Description: Genetic testing will be performed to assess for the presence of apolipoprotein-E (APOE) e4 allele.

Measure: Allelic Status APOE

Time: baseline

16 Motor Outcomes and Neural Correlates of Asymmetrical Gait Training in Children With Acquired Hemiplegia

The purposes of this pilot research study are 1. To begin to test if two different types of physical therapy might have different results in children and adolescents who have had a prior stroke, and 2. To determine if either type of physical therapy causes changes in the brain signals that control leg muscles. All participants will receive physical therapy 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Half of the participants will receive typical physical therapy, such as walking practice, muscle strengthening, and balance training. Half of the participants will receive asymmetrical gait training physical therapy, which uses new technology to train each leg differently during walking practice. After enrolling, participants will be randomly assigned to the type of therapy. Measurements will be taken before, during, and after the 8 weeks of physical therapy. These include walking tests to measure symmetry, walking speed and daily step activity, and brain tests to measure the strength of the signals from the brain to the leg muscles. One blood test is also taken to identify if certain genetic factors affect how each child responds to the physical therapy.

NCT01827436
Conditions
  1. Stroke
  2. Hemiplegia
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Conventional physical therapy
  2. Behavioral: Asymmetrical gait training
MeSH:Stroke Hemiplegia
HPO:Hemiplegia Spastic hemiparesis Stroke

We will also establish a genetic database to identify the presence or absence of two genetic variants [Apolipoprotein E (ApoE Є4) and val66met Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms] associated with decreased potential for neuroplasticity for planning future investigations. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Change in walking symmetry

Time: before and after 8 weeks of therapy

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Change in walking speed

Time: before and after 8 weeks of therapy

Measure: Change in excitability of neural motor pathways

Time: before and after 8 weeks of therapy

Measure: Change in patient/parent satisfaction rating

Time: before and after 8 weeks of therapy

Measure: Change in community step activity

Time: before and after 8 weeks of therapy

Other Outcomes

Measure: Changes in walking ability and cortical excitability measures (detailed above)

Time: before and after a 4 week baseline phase; before and after a 4 week withdraw phase

17 High-intensity Exercise and Fall Prevention Boot Camp for Parkinson's Disease

Several animal and human epidemiologic studies have provided evidence that exercise may be neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease (PD). Exercise may forestall diagnosis and, in the case of those who have already been diagnosed with PD, it may slow the observed neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, because this line of research is in early stages, there is little evidence to indicate what biological mechanisms underlie the neuroprotection that is conferred with exercise. Toward this end, it is possible that an interaction between endogenous antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory processes, and reactive oxygen species may be associated with exercise improvements in PD. One of the most common reasons for premature death in PD is falls. Several meta-analyses have concluded that exercise training programs focused on balance and/or strength training are effective at improving aspects of balance. Taken together, the current body of evidence suggests that exercise may be neuroprotective and balance/strength training may decrease the likelihood of a fall. The combination of these efficacious treatment modalities (exercise and balance/strength training) in a comprehensive treatment approach to improve PD symptoms and balance has been previously reported at relatively mild or moderate exercise intensities. Because recent research has suggested that patients with PD may benefit more from more physically intense programs, we are proposing a more aggressive approach with regard to exercise intensity and frequency in the present trial. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and safety of a high intensity exercise approach to PD. A secondary purpose is to determine the trajectory of change in outcomes over the duration of the trial from a high intensity fall prevention program. It is hoped that a signal of efficacy will allow this trial to progress to a comparative effectiveness trial. An important innovative design element is collecting biological assays to better understand the mechanism underlying the anticipated clinical improvements. Aim 1 is to test the feasibility of a high-intensity exercise and fall prevention boot camp (HIBC) in patients with PD by analyzing adherence and whether they achieve minimum Centers for Disease Control exercise standards (150 min/wk moderate level aerobic exercise; strengthening at least two times per week) for the duration of the trial. Aim 2 is to determine if participation in an 8-week HIBC under the direction of a physical therapist is safe for individuals with PD. Secondary Aim 3 is to determine if participation in an 8-week HIBC will produce a signal of efficacy for several physical outcomes: falls per physical activity ratio, balance efficacy, motor activity, fatigue, muscle strength, bone health, cognition/mood, and quality of life. Secondary Aim 4 is to determine if participation in an 8-week HIBC will produce a signal of efficacy for biological outcomes, anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidant enzymes. An additional exploratory aim will be an analysis of BDNF val66val, val66met, met66met polymorphisms to determine if there is a differential response to exercise. This trial is innovative because it utilizes a high intensity comprehensive exercise treatment approach (aerobic exercise, strengthening, and balance training). To our knowledge, there have been no trials of individuals with PD who have participated in a trial of this intensity in a group "boot camp" setting. Another innovative design element is the use of three novel assessments: biological assays of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, endogenous anti-oxidant enzymes and a novel assessment of falls (falls per physical activity ratio). Participants will be randomly assigned into either an 8-week HIBC group or an 8-week usual care control group (standard, low intensity group therapy class) under the direction of physical therapists. Each group will have 15 participants with a 1:5 patient-to-therapist ratio. The HIBC will be 1.5 hours daily, Monday through Friday. Participants will be required to attend 3 out of the 5 days. The protocol of the HIBC will include the following exercise components: A. 30 minutes of moderate-high intensity aerobic exercise; B. 15 minutes of strengthening the major muscle groups; C. 15 minutes of balance training; and, D. 15 minutes of interspersed rest and stretching. Participants will rotate through these four exercise components. Participants will have one baseline test and assessments at the 2-week, 4 week, 8-week, and 6-month points. Outcomes of the primary aims (Aim 1 and Aim 2) will be frequency counts of participation, adverse events, and compliance with exercise. The outcomes for the secondary aims will include measures of balance and falls, physical capacity, fatigue, exercise/physical activity behavior, and biological assays.

NCT02230267
Conditions
  1. Parkinson's Disease
Interventions
  1. Other: High intensity exercise and balance training
  2. Other: Usual care arm exercise
MeSH:Parkinson Disease

An additional exploratory aim will be an analysis of BDNF val66val, val66met, met66met polymorphisms to determine if there is a differential response to exercise. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The number of participants that attend and participate in the treatment at least 3 times per week for 8 weeks.

Measure: Frequency feasibility

Time: After completion of the 8 week trial

Description: The number of participants that complete at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise (70%+ of their estimated HR maximum). This will be ascertained using heart rate monitors.

Measure: Aerobic feasibility

Time: At the end of the 8 week trial

Description: The number of participants that participate in strengthening exercises that incorporates all the major muscle groups at least two days per week.

Measure: Strength feasibility

Time: At the end of the 8 week trial

Description: Drop-out rate and reason for drop-out will be tracked.

Measure: Compliance

Time: At the end of the 8 week trial

Description: Exercise-related adverse events (e.g., strains/sprains, cardiovascular events).

Measure: Safety

Time: Ongoing throughout the 8 week trial

Description: The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) will be used to gather information about motivation.

Measure: Motivation

Time: At 8 weeks

Description: Falls and fall injuries in and out of boot camp will be collected.

Measure: Falls

Time: At the end of the 8 week trial

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Falls will be tracked for 6 months after the boot camp using a falls diary. A member of the research team will call each month to interview participants about their falls. We will assess falls/fall injuries per physical activity ratio during the 6 month period following the trial and time to a fall/fall injury after the trial.

Measure: Falls

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Physical activity will be assessed using the Physical Activity Monitoring System (PAMsys).

Measure: Motor activity

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Fatigue will be assessed using the Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS).

Measure: Fatigue

Time: up to 6 months

Description: This will be assessed functionally using the 30 second Sit-To-Stand Test (30STS) for muscle strength.

Measure: Strength

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Cognition will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Measure: Cognition

Time: up to 6 months

Description: This will be assessed by using a measure of disease-specific quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ39)).

Measure: Quality of life

Time: up to 6 months

Description: All participants will track their participation in exercise and physical activity using an exercise diary for 6 months following the boot camp. Participants will be called monthly to reinforce completion of the exercise diary.

Measure: Long term behavioral change

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Performance-based balance tasks.

Measure: mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BESTest)

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC)

Measure: Falls self-efficacy

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Self-report measurement tool: Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)

Measure: Fall Efficacy

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Self-report of fall catastrophization: Catastrophization about Falls Questionnaire (CAFS)

Measure: Fall catastrophization

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Self-report measure physical activity: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

Measure: Physical activity

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscale (UDPRS III)

Measure: Motor symptoms

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Self-report scale of avoidance behavior due to a fear of falling: Fear of Falls Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FFABQ)

Measure: Fear of falling

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Endurance will be assessed using the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT).

Measure: Endurance

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Bone health will be measured using bone mineral densiometry (BMD).

Measure: bone health

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Mood will be measured using the Beck Depression Inventory.

Measure: Mood

Time: up to 6 months

Description: Catalase concentrations from blood will be quantified utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Measure: Catalase

Time: Up to 6 months

Description: Cytokine (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10) concentrations from blood will be quantified utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Measure: Cytokines

Time: Up to 6 months

Other Outcomes

Description: Circulating BDNF concentrations from blood will be quantified utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Measure: BDNF

Time: up to 6 months

18 Clinical, Psychological and Genetic Characteristics of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PS) are chronic, relapsing dermatological disorders with a high rate of psychiatric co-morbid pathology represented with depression. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) belongs to the neurotrophin family and widely studied in pathophysiology of psychiatric and dermatological disorders. A biological stress response system by altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis may contribute to dermatoses and psychiatric disorders development. Various factors including gender, genetic, psychological stress, socioeconomic factors also affect the course of dermatoses. A 10-week, case-control study evaluate clinical, psychological and biochemical parameters in AD and PS patients, and healthy control volunteers (HC) depending on gender and BDNF rs6265 gene polymorphism. All parameters are evaluated twice: at disease exacerbation (study baseline) and week 10. The following methods are conducted: assessment of dermatological status, using Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI); assessment of depression and anxiety according to DSM-V criteria and with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A); analysis of serum BDNF (ng/ml), cortisol (nmol/L), testosterone (ng/dL) and IgE levels (IU/ml, AD only); DNA extraction and genotyping of BDNF variants.The study will last during 4-5 months.

NCT03831646
Conditions
  1. Atopic Dermatitis
  2. Psoriasis
MeSH:Dermatitis, Atopic Psoriasis Dermatitis Eczema
HPO:Atopic dermatitis Eczema Eczematoid dermatitis Inflammatory abnormality of the skin Palmoplantar pustulosis Psoriasiform dermatitis

DNA extraction and genotyping the BDNF rs6265 (Val66Met) gene polymorphism in AD, PS and HC. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Assessment of atopic dermatitis severity is conducted using Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. SCORAD index formula is: A/5 + 7B/2 + C. In this formula A is defined as the extent (0-100), B is defined as the intensity (0-18) and C is defined as the subjective symptoms (0-20). The maximum SCORAD score is 103. SCORAD <23 - mild AD; SCORAD from 23 to 63 - moderate AD; SCORAD> 63 - severe AD.

Measure: Assessment of change in the severity of atopic dermatitis after conventional treatment from study onset (baseline) at week 10

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Assessment of the psoriasis severity is conducted using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). The patient's body is divided into four sections (head (H) (10% of a person's skin); arms (A) (20%); trunk (T) (30%); legs (L) (40%)). The percent of skin lesions of each area is assessed as follows: 0 (0% of involved area); 1 (< 10%); 2 (10-29%); 3 (30-49%); 4 (50-69%); 5 (70-89%); 6 (90-100%). Further, for each region, the intensity of 3 clinical signs is evaluated - redness, thickness and scaling and assessed as follows: 0 - no lesions,1 - easy, 2 - moderate, 3 - severe, 4 - very severe. The sum of all three severity parameters is calculated for each section, multiplied by the area score for that area and multiplied by weight of respective section (0.1 for head, 0.2 for arms, 0.3 for body, 0.4 for legs). PASI range is from 0 (no disease) to 72 (maximum disease). The severity of psoriasis is assessed as follows: PASI <20 - mild; PASI from 20 to 50 - moderate; PASI> 50 - severe

Measure: Assessment of change in the severity of psoriasis after conventional treatment from study onset (baseline) at week 10

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Depression is assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) -V criteria and with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) using the following ranges: absence, ≤7; mild, 8-16; moderate, 17-27; severe, ≤28

Measure: Assessment of change in the severity of depression in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients after conventional treatment from study onset (baseline) at week 10

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Depression is assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) -V criteria and with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) using the following ranges: absence, ≤7; mild, 8-16; moderate, 17-27; severe, ≤28

Measure: Assessment of the severity of depression in healthy controls (HC)

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Description: Anxiety is assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) -V criteria and with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) using the following ranges: ≤17, easy; 18-24, moderate; over 25, medium-severe

Measure: Assessment of change in the severity of anxiety in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients after conventional treatment from study onset (baseline) at week 10

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Anxiety is assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) -V criteria and with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) using the following ranges: ≤17, easy; 18-24, moderate; over 25, medium-severe

Measure: Assessment of the severity of anxiety in HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Description: The total IgE levels are detected using solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay in an Immulite/Immulite 1000 (Siemens, Germany). Normal ranges are as follow: 0.000-100.0 IU/ml

Measure: Evaluation of changes in serum immunoglobulin E (IgE, IU/ml) levels from study onset (baseline) at week 10 in atopic dermatitis patients

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: The total IgE levels are detected using solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay in an Immulite/Immulite 1000 (Siemens, Germany). Normal ranges are as follow: 0.000-100.0 IU/ml

Measure: Analysis of serum IgE (IU/ml) levels in HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Description: Serum BDNF levels are analyzed using a solid-phase, sandwich, two-site, ELISA (Promega, US; G7610). No measurement scale is used

Measure: Evaluation of changes in serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF, ng/ml) levels from study onset (baseline) at week 10 in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Serum BDNF levels are analyzed using a solid-phase, sandwich, two-site, ELISA (Promega, US; G7610). No measurement scale is used

Measure: Analysis of serum BDNF (ng/ml) levels in HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Description: The total cortisol levels are detected using solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay in an Immulite/Immulite 1000 (Siemens, Germany). Normal ranges are as follow: 138-690 nmol/L

Measure: Evaluation of changes in cortisol (nmol/L) levels from study onset (baseline) at week 10 in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: The total cortisol levels are detected using solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay in an Immulite/Immulite 1000 (Siemens, Germany). Normal ranges are as follow: 138-690 nmol/L

Measure: Analysis of serum cortisol (nmol/L) levels in HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Description: The total testosterone levels are detected using solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay in an Immulite/Immulite 1000 (Siemens, Germany). Normal ranges are as follow: men 20-49 years - 72 -853ng/dL; men≥50 years -129-767 ng/dL; women ovulating - 0.010-73.0 ng/dL; women postmenopausal - 0.010-43.0 ng/dL.

Measure: Evaluation of changes in testosterone (ng/dL) levels from study onset (baseline) at week 10 in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: The total testosterone levels are detected using solid-phase, chemiluminescent immunometric assay in an Immulite/Immulite 1000 (Siemens, Germany). Normal ranges are as follow: men 20-49 years - 72 -853ng/dL; men≥50 years -129-767 ng/dL; women ovulating - 0.010-73.0 ng/dL; women postmenopausal - 0.010-43.0 ng/dL.

Measure: Analysis of serum testosterone (ng/dL) levels in HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Description: DNA extraction and genotyping the BDNF rs6265 (Val66Met) gene polymorphism in AD, PS and HC

Measure: DNA extraction in AD, PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: EAD and IAD patients will be divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender with following assessment of SCORAD scores compared with baseline after conventional treatment at week 10 in each group using unpaired t-test

Measure: Assessment and comparison (Unpaired t-test) of SCORAD scores in extrinsic atopic dermatitis (EAD, IgE level above the normal) and intrinsic atopic dermatitis (IAD, normal IgE level) patients compared with baseline after conventional treatment at week 10

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Psoriasis patients will be divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender with following assessment of PASI scores compared with baseline after conventional treatment at week 10 in each group.

Measure: Assessment and comparison (Unpaired t-test) of PASI scores in psoriasis patients compared with baseline after conventional treatment at week 10 in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism (Val/Val; Val/Met;Met/Met) and gender(males, females)

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests will be used for multiple comparisons of HAM-D scores in EAD, IAD and PS patients and HC divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender at disease onset (baseline) and week 10. Comparisons will include assessment of HAM-D scores in all patients at baseline and week 10 compared with HC, and assessment of data changes at week 10 compared with baseline

Measure: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests for multiple comparisons of HAM-D scores in EAD, IAD, PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests will be used for multiple comparisons of HAM-A scores in EAD, IAD and PS patients and HC divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender at disease onset (baseline) and week 10. Comparisons will include assessment of HAM-A scores in all patients at baseline and week 10 compared with HC, and assessment of data changes at week 10 compared with baseline

Measure: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests for multiple comparisons of HAM-A scores in EAD, IAD,PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

Description: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests will be used for multiple comparisons of serum BDNF(ng/ml) levels in EAD, IAD and PS patients and HC divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender at disease onset (baseline) and week 10. Comparisons will include assessment of serum BDNF levels in all patients at baseline and week 10 compared with HC, and assessment of data changes at week 10 compared with baseline

Measure: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests for multiple comparisons of serum BDNF (ng/ml) levels in EAD, IAD,PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests will be used for comparisons of serum cortisol (nmol/L) levels in EAD, IAD and PS patients and HC divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender at disease onset (baseline) and week 10. Comparisons will include assessment of serum cortisol levels in all patients at baseline and week 10 compared with HC, and assessment of data changes at week 10 compared with baseline

Measure: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests for multiple comparisons of serum cortisol (nmol/L) levels in EAD, IAD,PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests will be used for multiple comparisons of serum testosterone (ng/dL) levels in EAD, IAD and PS patients and HC divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender at disease onset (baseline) and week 10. Comparisons will include assessment of serum testosterone levels in all patients at baseline and week 10 compared with HC, and assessment of data changes at week 10 compared with baseline

Measure: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests for multiple comparisons of serum testosterone (ng/dL) levels in EAD, IAD,PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Assessment of testosterone/cortisol ratio in EAD, IAD, PS patients and HC divided into BDNF rs6265 gene polymorphism (Val/Val; Val/Met; Met/Met) and gender (males, females) at study baseline and week 10

Measure: Assessment of testosterone/cortisol ratio in EAD, IAD, PS patients and HC in accordance with BDNF rs6265 gene polymorphism and gender

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests will be used for multiple comparisons of testosterone/cortisol ratio in EAD, IAD and PS patients and HC divided into subgroups in accordance with BDNF gene polymorphism and gender at disease onset (baseline) and week 10. Comparisons will include assessment of testosterone/cortisol ratio in all patients at baseline and week 10 compared with HC, and assessment of data changes at week 10 compared with baseline

Measure: Unpaired, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni means separation tests for multiple comparisons of testosterone/cortisol ratio in EAD, IAD, PS and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and at week 10

Description: Correlation analysis of dermatological, psychological and biochemical parameters in EAD, IAD and PS patients, and HC divided into groups in accordance with BDNF rs6265 gene polymorphism (Val/Val; Val/Met; Met/Met) and gender (males, femaes)

Measure: Correlation analysis of studied parameters in dermatological patients and HC

Time: At disease onset (study baseline) and week 10

19 BDNF as a Potential Biomarker for Cognitive Remediation Therapy in Schizophrenia

The main objective of the study is to analyse the role of a neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a putative biological marker of the cognitive recovery in schizophrenia following a Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT). Additionally, the role as outcome predictors of BDNF serum levels and the Val66met polymorphism and data from functional and structural neuroimaging will be studied.

NCT02341131
Conditions
  1. Schizophrenia
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Cognitive Remediation Therapy
  2. Behavioral: Psychoeducation
MeSH:Schizophrenia
HPO:Schizophrenia

Additionally, the role as outcome predictors of BDNF serum levels and the Val66met polymorphism and data from functional and structural neuroimaging will be studied. --- Val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Change Measurements of serum BDNF levels will be carried out by personnel blind to subjects' group assignment. Platelet and serum samples will be diluted with diluent included in the R&D Human BDNF Quantikine Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (Yasuhito et al. 1987).

Measure: BDNF (change from baseline serum BDNF levels)

Time: Baseline, 1 month and 4 months

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores at time 16 weeks

Measure: Symptoms (Change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores)

Time: Baseline and 4 months

20 Mechanism of tDCS-induced Learning Enhancement - the Role of Serotonin

The aim of this study is to assess whether the application of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) enhances and prolongs the learning enhancement achieved by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS). For this, young and older healthy subjects will be tested with a well established learning paradigm. Results of this study may help to support the application of atDCS also in patients, e.g. with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.

NCT02092974
Conditions
  1. Healthy Young and Older Adults
Interventions
  1. Procedure: tDCS
  2. Drug: Citalopram
  3. Other: sham-tDCS + placebo

To assess predictors of SSRI-enhanced brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF, Val66Met, COMT, Val158Met, KIBRA, rs17070145, 5-Hydroxytryptamine transporter).. Inclusion Criteria: - right handedness - unobtrusive neuropsychological screening - ability to provide written informed consent - no pathological findings in head MRI - age: 18 to 35 years (young adults) or 50-80 years (older adults) - Highly effective contraception (Pearl Index < 1) or reliable abstinence from any heterosexual relationships in women of childbearing potential Exclusion Criteria: - severe internal or psychiatric disease (especially depression or suicidal thoughts) - epilepsy - cognitive impairment (< SD under age adjusted norm in neuropsychological testing) - concurrent taking of serotonin precursors (tryptophan, 5-HTP) or MAO inhibitors - concurrent taking of tramadol or triptans - concurrent taking of pimozide or linezolid - concurrent taking of other drugs prolonging the QT-interval - long-QT-syndrome - hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia - known intolerance of the study medication - claustrophobia or metallic implants, tattoos (MRI exclusion criteria) - pregnancy or lactation - participation in another drug-interventional clinical trial within the last month or during the entire study - probands that are placed in an institution due to official or judicial order - non-agreement to save and transmit pseudonymised study data within the clinical trial Inclusion Criteria: - right handedness - unobtrusive neuropsychological screening - ability to provide written informed consent - no pathological findings in head MRI - age: 18 to 35 years (young adults) or 50-80 years (older adults) - Highly effective contraception (Pearl Index < 1) or reliable abstinence from any heterosexual relationships in women of childbearing potential Exclusion Criteria: - severe internal or psychiatric disease (especially depression or suicidal thoughts) - epilepsy - cognitive impairment (< SD under age adjusted norm in neuropsychological testing) - concurrent taking of serotonin precursors (tryptophan, 5-HTP) or MAO inhibitors - concurrent taking of tramadol or triptans - concurrent taking of pimozide or linezolid - concurrent taking of other drugs prolonging the QT-interval - long-QT-syndrome - hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia - known intolerance of the study medication - claustrophobia or metallic implants, tattoos (MRI exclusion criteria) - pregnancy or lactation - participation in another drug-interventional clinical trial within the last month or during the entire study - probands that are placed in an institution due to official or judicial order - non-agreement to save and transmit pseudonymised study data within the clinical trial Healthy Young and Older Adults null --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Recall score immediately after learning phase (=training of visual-spatial abilities) under tDC stimulation + SSRI application compared to learning under tDC stimulation + placebo.

Measure: Recall score after learning under tDC stimulation + SSRI compared to learning under tDC stimulation + placebo.

Time: immediately after end of learning phase (approx. 1 hour)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Measurement of recall scores on the evening of the same day after the learning phase (+tDCS + SSRI), the morning of the day after and 1 week later in order to assess the prolongation of atDCS induced learning enhancement by the SSRI.

Measure: prolongation of the atDCS induced learning enhancement by SSRI

Time: 1 week

Description: Measurement of recall scores directly after learning phase after application of atDCS + placebo or sham-tDCS + SSRI vs. sham-tDCS + placebo.

Measure: Increase of learning enhancement by atDCS + placebo or sham-tDCS + SSRI vs. sham-tDCS + placebo

Time: immediately after learning phase (approx. 1 hour)

Description: Measurement of recall scores on the evening of the same day of learning phase, the morning of the day after and 1 week later under application of atDCS + placebo or sham-tDCS + SSRI vs. sham-tDCS + placebo, in order to assess prolongation of learning enhancement by SSRI.

Measure: prolongation of learning enhancement by atDCS + placebo or sham-tDCS + SSRI vs. sham-tDCS + placebo

Time: 1 week

Description: To assess predictors of SSRI-enhanced brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF, Val66Met, COMT, Val158Met, KIBRA, rs17070145, 5-Hydroxytryptamine transporter).

Measure: genotyping of learning related polymorphisms

Time: once

21 The Influence of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Polymorphisms on Anxiety and Mood After Acute Exercise

The Influence of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Polymorphisms on Anxiety and Mood After Acute Exercise. Introduction: The 5-HTTLPR (SLC6A4) and BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism presents an action on the modulation of human behavior and has received great attention as a risk factor for several psychiatric disorders. In recent years, a growing number of studies have evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and personality traits related to anxiety and depression. Objectives: To determine the frequencies of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF polymorphisms in a college students population; To determine the influence of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF polymorphisms on mood states and anxiety after acute physical exercise. Material and Methods: Four hundred (400) College students will be assessed. In the first phase of the study, the following procedures will be performed: Screening, Aerobic Fitness Assessment (Step Test), Questionnaires (PAR-Q, Habitual Physical Activity Level, Beck Anxiety and Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety, and Perceived Stress Scale), blood sample collection and genotyping. In the second phase of the study, two (2) groups with or without polymorphisms will be selected (for each gene). These groups will be submitted to four conditions (three experimental conditions and one control condition), carried out randomly and separated by an interval of 1 week. In the experimental Conditions the volunteers will perform treadmill exercises sessions (30 minutes) in three different intensities (light, moderate and vigorous) and will respond to the Borg Scale at 10, 20 e 30 minutes. In the control condition the volunteers will be instructed to remain seated (quiet rest), relaxed and silent for 30 minutes. In both conditions, the volunteers will complete the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and State-Anxiety (STAY), 05 (five) minutes before and, 5 (five) and 20 (twenty) minutes following the interventions.

NCT03556176
Conditions
  1. Polymorphisms
  2. Exercise
  3. Mood
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Exercise
  2. Behavioral: Quiet rest
MeSH:Anxiety Disorders

Introduction: The 5-HTTLPR (SLC6A4) and BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism presents an action on the modulation of human behavior and has received great attention as a risk factor for several psychiatric disorders. --- Val66Met ---

PCR will be performed with the following primers forward (GGCGTTGCCGCTCTGAATGC) and reverse (GAGGGACTGAGCTGGACAACCAC).. Detection of the polymorphism BDNF Val66Met SNP rs6265 genotype (G196A). --- Val66Met ---

The BDNF Val66Met SNP rs6265 genotype (G196A) will be obtained, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with forward (5'-ACTCTGGAGAGCGTGAAT-3') and reverse (5'-ATACTGTCACAC ACGCTC-3') primers, and further digestion of the PCR product with NlaIII enzyme (Cat. --- Val66Met ---

From the five possible restriction fragments for this Val66Met amplicon, the genotype will be identified by the size and distribution of three bands: 243 bp for the G variant (Val), 168 bp and 75 bp bands for the A variant (Met), and these three bands for GA heterozygotes (Val/Met), on 2.5% (w/v) agarose gel electrophoresis.. Inclusion criteria: - 18-30 years of age; - able to perform physical activities; Non-inclusion criteria: - history of cardiovascular or respiratory diseases; - smoking; - use of psychiatric drugs; - psychotherapy treatment in the last six months. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The POMS questionnaire is an instrument to evaluate mood states. It has 65 items and 6 domains: tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, vigour-activity, fatigue, and confusion- bewilderment. The total mood disturbance score is derived by subtracting the vigour-activity score from the the sum of scores from the other subscales. The iceberg profile is characterized by low raw scores on the tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion scales and above norms (the "water line") on vigor.

Measure: Response of mood states after interventions

Time: Change from 5 minutes before the treatments to 5 and 20 minutes after three exercise intensities and quiet rest

Description: Anxiety Inventory-STAI trait-state. The scales encompasses 20 items and provides a one-dimensional measurement of anxiety. Range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, the higher score indicating greater anxiety. A cut point of 39-40 has been suggested to detect clinically significant symptoms.

Measure: Response of anxiety after interventions

Time: Change from 5 minutes before the treatments to 5 and 20 minutes after three exercise intensities and quiet rest

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was originally designed as a screening questionnaire to be self-administered before beginning physical activity. It has been designed to identify the small number of adults for whom physical activity may be inappropriate or those who should have medical advice concerning the type of activity most suitable for them.The people who to answer yes to one or more of seven questions will be advised to consult their doctors before increasing their physical activity. Those who to answer no to all questions will be included in the protocol study.

Measure: Evaluation safety or possible risk of exercising

Time: baseline

Description: Habitual Physical Activity Level (BAECKE):The Baecke Questionnaire was developed to measure habitual physical activity. The questionnaire includes items about household activities, sport, and leisure time activities over the past year. The Sport Index is divided into four categories (<1 h; 1-2 hrs; 2-3 hrs; 3-4 hrs and > 4 hrs) and each of these categories has an appropriate coefficient (0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5) Usual daily activity and leisure activity are scored in a range of from 0 to 5. Global PA will be the sum of 3 indexes.

Measure: Habitual Physical Activity Level

Time: Baseline

Description: Beck Inventory Anxiety and Depression: The Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory consists of a self-report questionnaires. These instruments are used to measure the severity of depressive and anxiety episodes.These instruments are widely used by health professionals and researchers in a variety of clinical and research settings. In the Beck Depression Inventory normal score are between 0 and 15; medium depression scores from 15 to 20 (dysphoria), and high depression scores over 20, and in the Beck Anxiety Inventory: 0-9: normal to minimal anxiety;10-18: mild to moderate anxiety;19-29: moderate to severe anxiety and 30-63: severe anxiety.

Measure: Evaluation of depression and anxiety symptoms

Time: Baseline

Description: McArdle Step Test was developed to estimate the aerobic capacity of university students. For the test the individual must ascend and descend a step during 3 min with different stepping rates for women and men (22 and 24 steps/min, respective

Measure: Estimation the aerobic capacity

Time: Baseline

Description: The detection of the polymorphism in the SLC6A4 gene will be done by the PCR-RFLP method: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in which the PCR amplification of the flanking region of the SNP is followed by the digestion reaction with a specific restriction enzyme. The polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene will be determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and subsequent gel electrophoresis. PCR will be performed with the following primers forward (GGCGTTGCCGCTCTGAATGC) and reverse (GAGGGACTGAGCTGGACAACCAC).

Measure: Detection of the polymorphism in the SLC6A4

Time: Baseline

Description: The BDNF Val66Met SNP rs6265 genotype (G196A) will be obtained, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with forward (5'-ACTCTGGAGAGCGTGAAT-3') and reverse (5'-ATACTGTCACAC ACGCTC-3') primers, and further digestion of the PCR product with NlaIII enzyme (Cat. No. R0125S, New England Biolabs). From the five possible restriction fragments for this Val66Met amplicon, the genotype will be identified by the size and distribution of three bands: 243 bp for the G variant (Val), 168 bp and 75 bp bands for the A variant (Met), and these three bands for GA heterozygotes (Val/Met), on 2.5% (w/v) agarose gel electrophoresis.

Measure: Detection of the polymorphism BDNF Val66Met SNP rs6265 genotype (G196A)

Time: Baseline

22 Epigenetic Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Gene Expression According to Response to Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia

This study is a randomised and controlled trial that aims to investigate whether Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) can modulate epigenetic mechanisms by changing methylation levels of BDNF gene in patients with Schizophrenia.

NCT04278027
Conditions
  1. Schizophrenia
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Cognitive Remediation Therapy
MeSH:Schizophrenia
HPO:Schizophrenia

It also aims to test whether BDNF valine-66-methionine (Val66Met) polymorphism influences CRT treatment outcome among people with schizophrenia. --- valine-66-methionine ---

It also aims to test whether BDNF valine-66-methionine (Val66Met) polymorphism influences CRT treatment outcome among people with schizophrenia. --- valine-66-methionine --- --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Mean methylation percentage in CpG island BDNF CpG exon I: located at chr11:27743473-27744564 in the BDNF

Measure: Change in methylation at Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) exon

Time: Baseline and after 4 months

Description: Mean methylation percentage of CpG region BDNF CpG exon IV: located at chr11:27723060-27723294 in exon IV, upstream of the start codon in exon VII

Measure: Change in methylation at CpG exon IV

Time: Baseline and after 4 months

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Total score in Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery

Measure: Change in cognition

Time: Baseline and after 4 months

Description: Total score in Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS)

Measure: Change in Symptoms

Time: Baseline and after 4 months

23 Network Mediation of Experiential and Expressive Deficits in Psychotic Disorders

The main purpose of this study is to learn how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) helps improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia. These 'negative symptoms' include anhedonia (the inability to enjoy things), low motivation, and decreased facial expression. TMS is a noninvasive way of stimulating the brain. TMS uses a magnetic field to cause changes in activity in the brain. The magnetic field is produced by a coil that is held next to the scalp. In this study we will be stimulating the brain to learn more about how TMS may improve these symptoms from schizophrenia.

NCT03648268
Conditions
  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Negative Type; Schizophrenic
Interventions
  1. Device: repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
MeSH:Schizophrenia
HPO:Schizophrenia

Hypothesis: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) homozygous val-allele carriers of the val66met BDNF gene will show greater response than met-carriers. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: We will evaluate the effect of sham vs active rTMS on negative symptom severity in the group with Cerebellar targeted rTMS and in the group with DLPFC targeted rTMS

Measure: Change in Negative Symptom Severity

Time: Before treatment (Baseline) and 1 week post treatment

Secondary Outcomes

Description: We will evaluate the effect of sham vs active rTMS on cerebellar-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity in the group with Cerebellar targeted rTMS and in the group with DLPFC targeted rTMS

Measure: Change in Cerebellar - Prefrontal Functional Connectivity

Time: Before treatment (Baseline) and 1 week post treatment

Description: We will evaluate the effect of sham vs active rTMS on the frequency and severity of auditory hallucinations in the group with Cerebellar targeted rTMS and in the group with DLPFC targeted rTMS

Measure: Change in Auditory Hallucination Severity

Time: Before treatment (Baseline) and 1 week post treatment

24 Assessing the Effect of Multi-disciplinary Lifestyle Medicine Intervention on Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Following Stroke

This is a pilot study to determine whether a lifestyle medicine intervention following stroke may increase levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF).

NCT03701815
Conditions
  1. Stroke
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Wellness in Rehabilitation program
MeSH:Stroke
HPO:Stroke

An single nucleotide polymorphism exists on the BDNF gene in 30-50% of the human population that results in an amino acid change from valine (val) to methionine (met) at position 66 (val66met) of the precursor peptide proBDNF. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Plasma BDNF protein levels, expressed in nanograms per milliliter, measured prior to any exercise upon completion of intervention.

Measure: BDNF level - Final

Time: Week 12

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Plasma BDNF protein levels, expressed in nanograms per milliliter, measured immediately following bout of aerobic exercise.

Measure: BDNF level - Post-exercise

Time: Week 6

Description: Genotyping of venous blood samples to determine ValVal, MetMet, and ValMet distribution.

Measure: BDNF Genotype

Time: Baseline

Description: Measured as VO2 max (ml/kg/min).

Measure: Cardiovascular Fitness - VO2 max

Time: Week 12

Description: Measured as estimated metabolic equivalents (kcal/kg/hour).

Measure: Cardiovascular Fitness - METs

Time: Week 12

Description: Total distance walked 6 minutes on a flat surface.

Measure: 6-minute Walk Test

Time: Week 12

25 Does the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Gene Polymorphism Predict Inter-individual Variation in Responsiveness Following Lumbar Radiofrequency Denervation? A Single-centre, Prospective, Exploratory Study in Subjects Diagnosed With Zygapophysial Joint Pain

The Investigators have designed this exploratory study in patients suffering from zygapophysial joint mediated pain to investigate if a correlation exists between inter-individual genetic variability (genotype) with treatment response (phenotype). More specifically, the investigators aim to identify any form of correlation between a specific SNP of the BDNF gene (Val66Met) and the effectiveness and/or duration of radiofrequency facet joint neurotomy. The study population is patients suffering from chronic low back pain who have been scheduled for radiofrequency neurotomy following the diagnosis of facet joint mediated pain (using medial branch block test). The investigators will evaluate if a common variant of BDNF gene (Val66Met) can be directly correlated to a significant degree of pain relief following RF treatment, and whether the result of such a procedure can be predicted from a specific genetic profile.

NCT02383524
Conditions
  1. Chronic Low Back Pain
Interventions
  1. Procedure: Lumbar Radiofrequency Medial Branch Neurolysis
MeSH:Back Pain Low Back Pain
HPO:Back pain Low back pain

Does the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Gene Polymorphism Predict Inter-individual Variation in Responsiveness Following Lumbar Radiofrequency Denervation? --- Val66Met ---

More specifically, the investigators aim to identify any form of correlation between a specific SNP of the BDNF gene (Val66Met) and the effectiveness and/or duration of radiofrequency facet joint neurotomy. --- Val66Met ---

The investigators will evaluate if a common variant of BDNF gene (Val66Met) can be directly correlated to a significant degree of pain relief following RF treatment, and whether the result of such a procedure can be predicted from a specific genetic profile. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Number of patients in each group who report 50% reduction in pain on the visual analogue scale 3 months after radiofrequency denervation for lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint mediated pain

Measure: Responder Rate

Time: 3 months

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Medication intake, Functional status, Ability to work and Quality of life

Time: 3 months

Other Outcomes

Description: To evaluate whether any specific and/or combination of SNPs observed could be related with the clinical outcomes measured in this study

Measure: Pre-specified Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis

Time: 3 months

26 Modulation of Visual-Spatial Learning in Healthy Young Adults by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - Proof of Principle and Mechanisms

The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of intensive training of visual-spatial abilities (LOCATO task) with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) leads to an improvement of learning and memory in healthy young adults and to examine the underlying neuronal mechanism.

NCT02110407
Conditions
  1. Healthy Young Adults
Interventions
  1. Device: tDCS
  2. Behavioral: training

To assess predictors of positive reaction to brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val158Met).. Inclusion Criteria: - right handednesss - unobtrusive neuropsychological screening - age: 18-35 years Exclusion Criteria: - severe internal or psychiatric disease - epilepsy - other severe neurological disease, e.g. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Investigation whether the combination of intensive visual-spatial training (LOCATO task) and tDCS leads to improvement of visual-spatial learning and memory measured by the performance in LOCATO task after end of a 3 day period of training compared to sham stimulation.

Measure: performance in LOCATO task (visual-spatial learning and memory) after a combination of intensive visual-spatial training and tDCS

Time: immediately after end of a 3 day period of training in tDCS condition vs sham condition

Secondary Outcomes

Description: long term effetcs measured by performance in LOCATO task after end of training and after 1 month compared to control conditions

Measure: long term effects

Time: after 1 month vs baseline

Description: Connectivity (measured by resting-state fMRT and correlation analysis) at baseline compared to end of training

Measure: functional changes: Connectivity

Time: after end of 3-day cognitive training vs baseline

Description: cortical excitability measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Measure: cortical excitability

Time: at baseline

Description: quality of life as measured by standardized questionaire at baseline compared to quality of life measured 1 month after intervention (training and stimulation vs. training and sham-stimualtion)

Measure: Quality of Life

Time: after 1 month vs baseline

Description: memory performance tested at baseline compared to memory performance after the end of a 3-day cognitive training period and after 1 month (posttraining) in training and stimulation vs. training and sham stimulation

Measure: memory

Time: immediately after end of 3-day of cognitive training, after 1 month vs. baseline

Description: To assess predictors of positive reaction to brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val158Met).

Measure: genotyping of learning related polymorphisms

Time: once

27 Modulation of Visual-Spatial Learning in Healthy Older Adults by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - Proof of Principle and Mechanisms

The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of intensive training of visual-spatial abilities (LOCATO task) with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) leads to an improvement of learning and memory in healthy older adults and to examine the underlying neuronal mechanism.

NCT02110056
Conditions
  1. Healthy Older Adults
Interventions
  1. Device: tDCS
  2. Behavioral: training

To assess predictors of positive reaction to brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val158Met).. Inclusion Criteria (old healthy controls): - right handedness - unobtrusive neuropsychological screening - age: 50-90 years Exclusion Criteria: - severe internal or psychiatric disease - epilepsy - other severe neurological diseases, e.g. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Investigation whether the combination of intensive visual-spatial training (LOCATO task) and tDCS leads to an improvement of visual-spatial learning and memory measured by performance in LOCATO task after end of a 3 day training period compared to sham stimulation.

Measure: Performance in LOCATO task (Visual-Spatial learning and memory) after a combination of intensive visual-spatial training and tDCS

Time: immediately after the end of a 3 day training period in tDCS condition compared to sham condition

Secondary Outcomes

Description: long term effects measured by performance in LOCATO task after end of training and after 1 month compared to control condition

Measure: long term effects

Time: after 1 month vs baseline

Description: Connectivity (measured by resting-state fMRT and correlation analysis) at baseline compared to end of 3 day period of training

Measure: functional changes: Connectivity

Time: after end of 3-day period of training vs baseline

Description: measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at baseline

Measure: cortical excitability

Time: at baseline

Description: quality of life as measured by standardized questionaire at baseline compared to quality of life measured 1 month after intervention (training and stimulation vs. training and sham-stimualtion)

Measure: Quality of life

Time: after 1 month vs baseline

Description: memory performance tested at baseline compared to memory performance after the end of a 3-day cognitive training period and after 1 month (posttraining) in training and stimulation vs. training and sham stimulation

Measure: memory

Time: immediately after end of 3-day of cognitive training, after 1 month vs. baseline

Description: affective state measured at baseline compared to affective state measured after the end of a 3-day cognitve training period and after 1 month (posttraining) in training and stimulation vs. training and sham stimulation

Measure: affective state

Time: immediately after the end of 3-day cognitive training, after 1 month vs. baseline

Description: To assess predictors of positive reaction to brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val158Met).

Measure: genotyping of learning related polymorphisms

Time: once

28 Modulation of Visual-Spatial Learning in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - Proof of Principle and Mechanisms

The aim of this study is to investigate whether a combination of intensive training of visual-spatial abilities (LOCATO task) with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) leads to an improvement in learning and memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to examine the underlying neuronal mechanism.

NCT02110043
Conditions
  1. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Interventions
  1. Device: tDCS
  2. Behavioral: training
MeSH:Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Cognitive impairment Mental deterioration

To assess predictors of positive reaction to brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val158Met).. Inclusion Criteria (MCI patients): - right handedness - amnestic and amnestic plus MCI with: 1. subjective memory impairment; 2. objective memory difficulties, at least 1 SD below gender, age and education adjusted standard values; 3. relatively normal performance in other cognitive domains; 4. no constraints in activities of daily livings 5. age: 50-90 years Exclusion Criteria: - severe internal or psychiatric disease - epilepsy - other severe neurological diseases, e.g. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Investigation whether the combination of intensive visual-spatial training (LOCATO task) and tDCS leads to improvement of visual-spatial learning and memory measured by performance in LOCATO task after end of a 3 day period of training compared to sham stimulation.

Measure: Performance in LOCATO task (Visual-spatial learning and memory) after a combination of intensive visual-spatial training and tDCS

Time: immediately after end of a 3-day period of training in tDCS condition vs sham condition

Secondary Outcomes

Description: long term effects measured by performance in LOCATO task in tDCS condition after end of cognitve training and after 1 month compared to control conditions

Measure: long term effects

Time: after 1 month vs baseline

Description: Connectivity (measured by resting-state fMRT and correlation analysis) at baseline compared to end of 3 day period of training

Measure: functional changes: Connectivity

Time: end of 3-day cognitive training vs baseline

Description: cortical excitability measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Measure: cortical excitability

Time: at baseline

Description: quality of life as measured by standardized questionaire at baseline compared to quality of life measured 1 month after intervention (training and stimulation vs. training and sham-stimualtion)

Measure: Quality of Life

Time: after 1 month vs baseline

Description: memory performance tested at baseline compared to memory performance after the end of a 3-day cognitive training period and after 1 month (posttraining) in training and stimulation vs. training and sham stimulation

Measure: memory

Time: immediately after end of 3-day of cognitive training, after 1 month vs. baseline

Description: affective state measured at baseline compared to affective state measured after the end of a 3-day cognitve training period and after 1 month (posttraining) in training and stimulation vs. training and sham stimulation

Measure: affective state

Time: immediately after the end of 3-day cognitive training, after 1 month vs. baseline

Description: To assess predictors of positive reaction to brain stimulation, genotyping of several learning related polymorphisms will be performed (i.e., APOE, BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val158Met).

Measure: genotyping of learning related polymorphisms

Time: once

29 Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Severe Refractory Primary Dysmenorrhea: Translational and Genetic Neuroimaging Studies

Primary Dysmenorrhea (PDM), defined as menstrual pain without discernable organic causes, is inexorably common in adolescent women, about 40-90% of women may suffer from it, and 20% of them can be severe in the context of being refractory to medication, daily function impairment, and having pain of severe degree. Novel therapeutic method is in need for pain alleviation for this particular phenotype. We have previously reported that PDM females may engage motor-cortex based descending pain modulation system in our resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) and thermal pain-activation fMRI studies. Based on the reported analgesic efficacy of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the motor cortex for various experimental painful conditions and clinical pain disorders, we reason that tDCS can be effective for the severe and medication-refractory PDM patients. This study aim to investigate the analgesic efficacy of tDCS in severe PDMs and to elucidate the dynamic brain neuroplasticity in the context of functional connectivity (FC) of pain matrix after tDCS intervention. We will recruit 30 severe PDMs and randomly allocate them to either real or sham group in a triple-blind manner. rs-fMRI for functional connectivity analysis will be performed before and after the tDCS intervention. The imaging data will be correlated with behavioral and psychological measurements. This is the first study in the literature investigating the tDCS efficacy for severe PDM. The result can promise a new possibility for clinical application.

NCT03594916
Conditions
  1. Primary Dysmenorrhea
Interventions
  1. Device: Active tDCS
  2. Device: Sham tDCS
MeSH:Dysmenorrhea
HPO:Dysmenorrhea

To genotype the single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping (i.e., BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265), COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), OPRM1 (rs1799971), 5HTR2A (rs6313), SLC6A4 (rs25531)) from blood specimen. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: pain scale; from 0 to 10; score 0: no pain, score 10: unbearable pain

Measure: Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Time: change from baseline (1st menstrual phase, before tDCS) at one month (2nd menstrual phase, with tDCS), change from baseline (1st menstrual phase, before tDCS) at two months (3rd menstrual phase)

Description: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a well established method of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that is used to evaluate regional interactions in the brain that occur in a resting (task-negative) state, when a subject is not performing an explicit task. Functional connectivity is the connectivity between brain regions that share functional properties, it can be defined as the correlation between spatially remote neurophysiological events, expressed as the neural networks of brain.

Measure: Functional connectivity of rs-fMRI Imaging

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS, before 2nd menstrual phase) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS, before 2nd menstrual phase) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: To assess the threshold of thermal sensation (cold, cold-pain, heat, heat-pain; from 0 to 50 centigrade temperature), according to the established protocol of an ascending limit approach for heat pain and a descending limit approach for cold pain.

Measure: Quantitative sensory testing (QST)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess anxious symptoms; from 20 to 80; score 20: not anxious, score 80: extremely anxious

Measure: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess anxious symptoms; from 0 to 63; score 0: not anxious, score 63: extremely anxious

Measure: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess depressive symptoms; from 0 to 63; score 0: not depressed, score 63: extremely depressed

Measure: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess pain-maladaptive psychological status; from 0 to 52; score 0: not pain Catastrophizing , score 52: extremely pain Catastrophizing

Measure: Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess pain status; from 0 to 78; score 0: not painful, score 78: extremely painful

Measure: Long-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess quality of life; he SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. From 0 to 100; score 0: equivalent to maximum disability, score 100: no disability.

Measure: Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess testosterone, progesterone, estrogen

Measure: Blood Hormones Measurement

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To genotype the single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping (i.e., BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265), COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), OPRM1 (rs1799971), 5HTR2A (rs6313), SLC6A4 (rs25531)) from blood specimen

Measure: Genotyping

Time: baseline

Description: To assure blinding efficacy; Patients do self-assessment about whether they receive real tDCS or sham tDCS. Assessment questionnaire:1 or 0. 1: real tDCS; 0: sham tDCS.

Measure: Efficacy of tDCS blinding

Time: At 1 months after tDCS intervention

30 Effects of BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise in Sedentary, Healthy Males

This study investigates whether, after six weeks of exercise, a genetic variant (Val66Met) in the gene that makes a molecule (BDNF) important for brain health and function, influences the beneficial effects of a further session of exercise in sedentary, healthy males. The aim of this research is to determine whether not having this genetic variant (Val66Met) provides an advantage for achieving greater exercise-induced benefits. After six consecutive weeks of exercise (high-intensity interval training (HIIT), three times per week), the effects of a further session of exercise on brain activity are studied in healthy, sedentary males with and without the BDNF genetic variant. Further, whether the BDNF genetic variant impacts the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise on blood BDNF levels, memory and cardiorespiratory fitness is examined. This data will help to understand whether genetic factors moderate the beneficial effects of exercise. Understanding what factors influence the effectiveness of exercise training programs is essential to individualize exercise programs and maximize their positive effects on the brain and during rehabilitation following brain injuries.

NCT03670186
Conditions
  1. Quality of Life
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

Effects of BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise in Sedentary, Healthy Males. --- Val66Met ---

Effects of Genetic Variation on the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise This study investigates whether, after six weeks of exercise, a genetic variant (Val66Met) in the gene that makes a molecule (BDNF) important for brain health and function, influences the beneficial effects of a further session of exercise in sedentary, healthy males. --- Val66Met ---

The aim of this research is to determine whether not having this genetic variant (Val66Met) provides an advantage for achieving greater exercise-induced benefits. --- Val66Met ---

The objective of this research is to determine whether after six consecutive weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), three times per week, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism impacts the effects of a further HIIT session on corticospinal excitability as well as intracortical and spinal circuitry. --- Val66Met ---

Additionally, this study aims to assess whether BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the effects of six consecutive weeks of HIIT on BDNF, working memory and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Corticospinal excitability as measured by single-pulse TMS-evoked responses in a hand and forearm muscles.

Measure: Corticospinal excitability

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Intracortical circuits as measured by paired-pulse TMS-evoked responses in a hand muscle

Measure: Intracortical circuits

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Spinal circuits as measured by spinal Hoffman reflexes from a forearm muscle

Measure: Spinal circuits

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Serum levels of BDNF as assessed by ELISA

Measure: Blood BDNF

Time: 8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Serum levels of cathepsin B as assessed by ELISA

Measure: Cathepsin B

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Serum levels of IGF-1 as assessed by ELISA

Measure: IGF-1

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Serum levels of VEGF as assessed by ELISA

Measure: VEGF

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Serum levels of osteocalcin as assessed by ELISA

Measure: Osteocalcin

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Working memory as assessed by the Automated Operation Span (OSPAN) Task

Measure: Working memory

Time: 8 weeks

Description: Cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by VO2 peak test

Measure: Cardiorespiratory fitness

Time: 8 weeks

31 Study of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Pathway Biomarkers in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients With Huntington's Disease

Huntington disease (HD, 1.3/10 000) is an autosomal dominant disease due to an abnormal expansion of CAG triplets in HTT gene. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been evoked, including an alteration of the signaling pathway of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor involved in the survival of neurons (striatal and hippocampal) and synaptic plasticity. BDNF is synthesized at the level of cortical neurons and transported, through the axonal transport in which the Htt is involved, to the nerve endings; it's then secreted in response to excitatory synaptic activity, especially at the level of glutamatergic synapses. Besides, at the postsynaptic level it binds with great specificity to TrkB receptors (tropomyosin-related kinase receptors B) with a neuroprotective effect on dendritic and axonal growth and an increase in synaptic plasticity, especially at the level of the striatum and the hippocampus. BDNF is decreased in the brain of animal models, as well as in patients with HD; the alteration of this pathway would occur in the early stages of the disease. In the context of concomitant multiple treatments, the BNDF pathway may be one of the therapeutic targets of HD. Moreover, in HD it remains essential to detect biological markers representative of the different pathogenic pathways that can be tested in vivo in humans to confirm the hypotheses developed at the level of basic research; these biomarkers could subsequently become biomarkers of disease progression and/or biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy of potential targeted treatments. Therefore, this study aims to characterize potential biomarkers of the BNDF pathway in plasma and CSF in subjects with HD and to confirm the importance of this pathogenic mechanism in vivo in humans.

NCT04012411
Conditions
  1. Huntington Disease
Interventions
  1. Procedure: Brain MRI
  2. Procedure: Lumbar Punction
  3. Genetic: Blood sample
  4. Other: Cognitive evaluation
MeSH:Huntington Disease

Patients group: in 90 patients with HD, the investigators will perform: a collection of the main anamnestic and clinical data; a blood test for the determination of plasmatic BDNF, Tau and NFL and the genotyping of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene; multimodal brain MRI with volumetry, diffusion tensor, functional MRI of rest; a measurement of the UHDRS and Total Functional Capacity scales; neuropsychological tests (SDMT, STROOP test, Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, digit span). --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: centralized ELISA assay with Simoa - Quanterix kit technology at the Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic Biochemistry of Montpellier, France.

Measure: BDNF(csf) in HD subjects compared to age-matched control subjects (+/- 5 years)

Time: Inclusion

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: plasmatic BDNF in HD subjects vs controls

Time: Inclusion

Measure: Correlation between BDNF in CSF and BDNF in plasma

Time: Inclusion

Description: Correlation between BDNF in CSF or plasma and: disease severity, assessed through the Huntington Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), the disease burden formula [(n.CAG-35.5) x age], the Total Functional Capacity functional scale (TFC), and cognitive scales (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, STROOP test, Trail Making test A and B, direct and indirect digit span); - MRI brain imaging: cerebral and striatal atrophy by morphological imaging, functional resting state MRI, and anatomical connectivity by diffusion tensor imaging

Measure: Correlation between BDNF and disease parameters

Time: Inclusion

Measure: Total Tau and NFL levels in plasma and CSF in HD subjects vs control subjects

Time: Inclusion

Measure: TrkBcsf level in subjects with HD vs control subjects

Time: Inclusion

32 Effects of the Combined Cognitive Training and Aerobic Exercise on Cognition, Physiological Markers, Daily Function, and Quality of Life in Stroke Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cognitive impairments have severe impact on functional recovery and quality of life after stroke. Current evidence indicated that combining exercise and cognitive training may provide additional benefits on cognition in stroke. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of two combined methods of computer-based cognitive training with physical exercise in stroke patients with cognitive impairments.

NCT04012866
Conditions
  1. Stroke
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Aerobic exercise training
  2. Behavioral: Computerized cognitive training
  3. Behavioral: Control training
MeSH:Stroke
HPO:Stroke

The Task-based EEG will be collected when participants perform the n-back task before and after the intervention program to examine the effects of training on neural plasticity.. BDNF val66met genotype. --- val66met ---

Saliva samples will be collected at baseline to determine the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met genotype.. Serum BDNF level. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) is used to screen patients for cognitive impairment, track changes in cognitive functioning over time, and often to assess the effects of therapeutic agents on cognitive function. Its range of total score is 0-30 with higher values indicating better cognitive function.

Measure: Change scores of Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) will be used to assess general cognitive functions. It examines several cognitive domains with a total score of 30 and higher values indicate better cognitive functions. The MoCA has been shown to be a valid and promising tool to evaluate the global cognitive function in patients with stroke. The psychometric properties of MoCA are good to excellent for patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

Measure: Change scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Several subtests of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III) including Faces Recognition (total scale=48), Verbal Paired Associates (total scale = 32), Word Lists (total scale = 48), and Spatial Span (total scale=32) will be used to assess the immediate, delayed, and working memory tests. For each subtest, a higher number indicates better performance in memory function. The raw score of subtests will also be transferred to standardized Z scores and summed to represent an index of general memory function.

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III) is developed to measure an individual's intelligence level. The Digit Symbol-Coding (score range 0-133) and Matrix Reasoning (range 0-26) subtests will be used.A higher score indicating better performance. The raw score of each subtest will also be transferred to standardized Z scores and summed to represent an index of general cognitive function.

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The UFOV is a computer-based visual test containing three subtests: visuomotor processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention (Ball, Edwards, & Ross, 2007). The UFOV has been shown to have good test-retest reliability and validity to assess patients with stroke (George & Crotty, 2010).

Measure: Change scores of Useful Field of View (UFOV)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Stroop Color-Word test assesses the abilities of selective attention, inhibition and executive function. The participants will be tested under congruent and incongruent conditions. In the congruent condition, the participant will name the color ink of a word which is consistent with the written color name; whereas in the incongruent condition the participant will name the color ink differs from the written color name. In both conditions, the number of colors correctly named within 45 seconds will be measured and the performance in the congruent condition will be compared with the incongruent condition (Quaney et al., 2009).

Measure: Change scores of Stroop Color-Word Test

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Dual-Task test evaluates the ability of set-shifting. Participants will sit and perform the box and block test (BBT) or walk 10 meters while doing secondary cognitive or motor tasks. Two cognitive secondary tasks will be performed by the participants: (1) arithmetic task: participants will be asked to perform serial subtractions by 7 starting from 100 or random two-digit numbers (e.g., Baetens et al., 2013); (2) tone discrimination task: participants will be presented a number of low and high-pitched tones and they will respond to either the high or low-pitched tones during the trial. Both cognitive task performances will be recorded and the results will be compared to single cognitive task performance. In addition to the cognitive dual-task, participants will perform a motor task (e.g., holding a cup of water) while walking.

Measure: Change scores of Dual-Task test

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The TUG assesses the dynamic balance ability and mobility. The participants will be required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The test-retest reliability of TUG on individuals with stroke was excellent (Ng & Hui-Chan, 2005).

Measure: Change scores of Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The 6MWT measures the maximum distance walked over 6 minutes, which assess the endurance and mobility level of the participants. The participants could rest as needed during the course of the test. The test-retest reliability and responsiveness has been established to be high for patients with chronic stroke (Fulk, Echternach, Nof, & O'Sullivan, 2008).

Measure: Change scores of Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Accelerometers will be used to provide an objective measure of the amount of arm movements in real-life situations. The participants will be asked to wear an Actigraphy activity monitor (ActiGraph, Shalimar, FL, USA) on both wrists for 3 consecutive days before and after training to measure the number of moves each minute, and the average counts of move per minute. The participants will be required to wear the device during the day except for doing water-based activities, such as bathing or swimming.The use of actigraphy to measure arm use and physical activity has been established for patients with stroke (Freedson, Melanson, & Sirard, 1998; Maguire et al., 2012).

Measure: Change scores of Mobility Level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: The short form version of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) assesses sitting, walking, moderate-intensity activities and vigorous intensity activities. Frequency (measured in days per week) and duration (time per day) are collected separately and transferred to MET-minutes values for each specific type of activity. A combined total physical activity MET-min/week can be computed as the sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-min/week scores. Higher total scores indicated more health-related activities.

Measure: Change scores of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The upper limb subscale of the Fugl-Myer Assessment (FMA-UE) assesses the motor impairments of upper limbs after stroke. The FMA-UE contains 33 movements with a score range from 0 to 66. A higher score indicated better motor recovery in upper limbs.

Measure: Change scores of Fugl-Myer Assessment (FMA)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) evaluates the participant's functional mobility, balance, gait and walking ability. It contains a 15-item scale which includes 14 questions and one direct observation, with a total of score of 15 and higher scores indicating better mobility performance.

Measure: Change scores of Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: We will evaluate isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength using handheld dynamometer. Also, we will use hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of the affected and less affected hand while the participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.

Measure: Change scores of Muscle Strength

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The FIM assesses the dependence level of individuals with stroke to perform 18 activities (13 motor and five cognitive tasks) in daily living. The score ranges from 18 to 126 and higher scores demonstrate greater independent participation in daily activities (Ottenbacher, Hsu, Granger, & Fiedler, 1996). The FIM has good interrater reliability and validity (Hsueh, Lin, Jeng, & Hsieh, 2002).

Measure: Change scores of Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Lawton IADL scale evaluates 8 activities with a score range from 0 to 8 (higher indicate better function). The inter-rater reliability and validity of the Lawton IADL have been established to be moderate to high for community-dwelling older adults (Graf, 2008; Lawton & Brody, 1969).

Measure: Change scores of Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The SIS contains 59 items measuring eight domains, including strength, hand function, ADL/IADL, mobility, communication, emotion, memory/thinking, and participation, with a single item assessing perceived overall recovery from stroke. The total score is the average of the domain scores, and the domain scores are the averages of the item scores (1-5), and higher scores indicate better function or QOL.

Measure: Change scores of Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The quality of life will be assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire which comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels: no problems, some problems, extreme problems. The score has been shown to be reliable and valid (Greiner et al., 2003).

Measure: Change scores of EuroQol-5D Questionnaire (EQ-5D)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The social participation level will be assessed with the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ).It contains 15 items to evaluate the degree of integration into each of the three area of family, social network, and productive activities. The total scores range from 0 to 29 with larger numbers indicating better integration.

Measure: Change scores of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - 15 items version is a self-administered questionnaire used to evaluate mood and depressive symptoms. The scores range is 0-15 and a score of 5 or greater taken as a possible indicator of depression.

Measure: Change scores of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Task-based EEG will be collected when participants perform the n-back task before and after the intervention program to examine the effects of training on neural plasticity.

Measure: Task-based Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: Saliva samples will be collected at baseline to determine the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met genotype.

Measure: BDNF val66met genotype

Time: Baseline

Description: Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after the intervention programs. The blood tests will include serum BDNF level, antioxidative markers, HbA1C level, and Plasma lipid level. Serum BDNF will be quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Human BDNF Quantitative Immunoassay, DBD00, R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. This sandwich ELISA is set in order to measure natural and recombinant human mature BDNF in serum and plasma. All assays will be performed on F-bottom 96-well plates (Nunc, Wiesbaden, Germany).

Measure: Serum BDNF level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after the intervention programs. The blood tests will include BDNF level, antioxidative markers, HbA1C level, and Plasma lipid level. Antioxidative markers will be used to reflect the changes on oxidative stress. In particular, we will be analyzing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

Measure: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after the intervention programs. The blood tests will include BDNF level, antioxidative markers, HbA1C level, and Plasma lipid level. HbA1C level will be tested to investigate the relationships between blood glucose level and aerobic exercise.

Measure: Glucose indicator

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after the intervention programs. The blood tests will include BDNF level, antioxidative markers, HbA1C level, and Plasma lipid level. The cholesterol ratio (total cholesterol divided by high-density lipid) will be evaluated to reflect the lipid level in the blood.

Measure: Plasma lipid level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) is a tool that can be used to quickly identify families with potential caregiving concerns. It is a 13-question tool that measures strain related to care provision. The reliability and validity has been established (Robinson, 1983).

Measure: Change scores of Caregiver Strain Index (CSI)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: CBS evaluates the burden of the primary caregiver of the participants, including general strain, isolation, disappointment, emotional involvement, and environment of the caregivers. The CBS for caregivers of stroke patients showed moderate to good test-retest reliability and construct validity (Elmstahl, Malmberg, & Annerstedt, 1996).

Measure: Change scores of Caregiver Burden Scale(CBS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

33 The Effect of BDNF on Motor Learning

The purpose of the study is to assess the status of brain-derived neurotrophic factor brain (BDNF) and how the brain behaves in response to skill acquisition. Specifically we will investigate the relationship of the status of BDNF with cortical excitability changes and learning that occur during a motor training paradigm. We aim to 1) determine cortical excitability changes by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after training; 2) to determine finger tracking accuracy before and after training; and 3) determine the presence of BDNF polymorphism in each participant. We are testing healthy adults in this study, and eventually would like to apply to persons who have neurologic disorders such as stroke or dystonia. By applying a magnetic field to the outside of the head, electrical currents are produced within the brain that can stimulate brain tissue. Using TMS, the brain can be studied to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with cortical excitability in healthy and patient populations. There is limited knowledge of what influence genetic biomarkers such as BDNF have on cortical excitability changes within the cortex following learning. Studies have indicated that people without this certain gene are less likely to show changes in brain excitability during TMS and during motor learning than people with this gene

NCT02074696
Conditions
  1. BDNF
  2. Polymorphism, Genetic

We will screen for the Val66met polymorphism.. Inclusion Criteria: - 18-45 years - no past history of psychiatric or neurologic disease. --- Val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: A computer quantified tracking performance measure in each test. This is a calculation of accuracy by using the equation: AI = 100(P-E)/P. Where E is the root mean square (r.m.s.) error between the target line and the response line, and P is the size of the individual's target pattern, calculated as the r.m.s. difference between the sine wave and the midline separating the upper and lower phases of the sine wave. The magnitude of P is determined by the scale of the vertical axis, which is the subject's range of finger motion. Therefore, the AI is normalized to each subject's own range of motion and takes into account any differences between subjects in the excursion of the tracking target. The maximum possible score is 100%. Negative scores occur when the response line is so distant from the target that it falls on the opposite side of the midline.

Measure: Accuracy Index

Time: Day 1: posttest after training

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Cortical excitability will be measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) single and paired pulse stimulation to measure short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), cortical silent period (CSP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude.

Measure: Cortical Excitability

Time: Day 1: baseline

Description: Cortical excitability will be measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) single and paired pulse stimulation to measure short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), cortical silent period (CSP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude.

Measure: Cortical Excitability

Time: Day 1: posttest

Other Outcomes

Description: BDNF genetic variant screening will be conducted via saliva sample collected at the end of the session on day 1. We will screen for the Val66met polymorphism.

Measure: BDNF genetic status

Time: Day 1

34 Cortical Excitability Changes on the Sensorimotor Cortex Induced by Caffeine Consumption: A TMS Study

Caffeine is a widely used psychostimulant drug and acts as a competitive antagonist at adenosine receptors. Its effect is on neurons and glial cells of all brain areas. Chronic consumption of caffeine leads to tolerance which might be associated with an increased number of binding sites in the brain. In deep brain stimulation (DBS), the production of adenosine following the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) explains the reduction of in tremor. Binding of adenosine to adenosine A1 receptor suppresses excitatory transmission in the thalamus and thus reduces both tremor-and DBS-induced side effects. Also, the effect of adenosine was attenuated following the administration of the 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. Therefore, the presence of a receptor antagonist such as caffeine was suggested to reduce the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating tremor and other movement disorders. In light with this finding, we anticipate that the antagonistic effect of caffeine is a culprit to the reduction of effectiveness of any stimulation protocol in non-invasive stimulation (NIBS). In particular the excitatory effects of a NIBS protocol can tentatively be blocked in the presence of caffeine. In this study, the effects of caffeine consumption on cortical excitability at the sensorimotor cortex shall be examined on focal and non-focal plasticity. Focal plasticity will be induced by paired associated stimulation (PAS) and global cortical plasticity from transcranial alternating current (tACS) stimulation. In case of tACS stimulation, 1) an excitatory protocol (tACS, 140 Hz, 1 mA) and 2) an inhibitory protocol (tACS, 140 Hz, 0.4 mA) with the active electrode over M1 and the return electrode over the orbitofrontal cortex will be used. Changes in cortical excitability are assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) recordings. Research goals are to examine the effects of caffeine consumption on sensorimotor cortical excitability and stimulation induced plasticity. In addition, this study explores further factors which usually contribute to variability in cortical excitability studies. The results are expected to give a useful recommendation for researchers to reduce confounding factors and hereby improves repeatability.

NCT03720665
Conditions
  1. Corti
  2. Cortical Excitability
  3. Brain Stimulation
Interventions
  1. Combination Product: Caffeine_TMS

Val66Met; Val66Val; Met66Met; Met66Val). --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Amplitude of motor evoked potential change (MEP)

Measure: Cortical excitabiliy changes induced by caffeine consumption

Time: Baseline (pre-measurement), immediately after intervention, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Valine (Val) and Methionine (Met) alleles (i.e. Val66Met; Val66Val; Met66Met; Met66Val)

Measure: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms on cortical plasticity

Time: 3-6 months

35 Cognitive Remediation and Supported Education in Psychotic Disorders: a Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy and the Best Predictors of Academic Functioning

This trial aims to assess the added value of cognitive remediation therapy to supported education intervention in young adults with a psychotic disorder. The objectives of this study are threefold: The first objective is to evaluate the efficacy of supported education and cognitive remediation therapy for young adults with psychotic disorders in terms of academic outcome (primary outcome) and cognitive, neurobiological, and psychological outcomes (secondary outcomes). The second objective is to explore mechanisms of change in academic outcomes using a multidimensional approach (cognitive, psychological and biological characteristics) in youth with psychotic disorders. The third objective is to investigate the patients' perspectives regarding their appreciation of the supported education programs. Academic outcomes, cognitive performance as well as psychological and genetic variables will collected at baseline (T0). Participants will then be randomized either to the experimental condition (Cognitive remediation + Supported education + Treatment as usual) or the control condition (Supported education + Treatment as usual) for three months. Directly after the end of treatment (T1) and three months following the end of treatment (T2), the same measures as baseline will be repeated. One year post-treatment (T3), a last assessment will be conducted for academic outcomes.To assess qualitative experience of patients enrolled in supported education, we will recruit a subsample of the randomized controlled trial to participate in a photovoice activity.

NCT04040829
Conditions
  1. Psychotic Disorders
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Cognitive remediation therapy (CR)
  2. Behavioral: Supported education (SE)
  3. Other: Treatment as usual (TAU)
MeSH:Mental Disorders Psychotic Disorders
HPO:Psychosis

Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) at baseline. --- Val66Met ---

Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the BDNF gene (Val66Met).. Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) at baseline. --- Val66Met ---

Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the BDNF gene (Val66Met).. Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) at baseline. --- Val66Met --- --- Val66Met ---

Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the BDNF gene (Val66Met).. Presence or absence of the Val158Met polymorphism on the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree. The School subscale assesses the ability to meet deadlines, punctuality and school performance.

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (School subscale)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree. The School subscale assesses the ability to meet deadlines, punctuality and school performance.

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (School subscale)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree. The School subscale assesses the ability to meet deadlines, punctuality and school performance.

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (School subscale)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 1-year post-treatment (T3; one year following the end of the intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree. Relationships and social activities at school subscale assesses relationships with professors and students as well as participation in class.

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (Relationships and social activities at school subscale)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree. Relationships and social activities at school subscale assesses relationships with professors and students as well as participation in class.

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (Relationships and social activities at school subscale)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree. Relationships and social activities at school subscale assesses relationships with professors and students as well as participation in class.

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (Relationships and social activities at school subscale)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 1-year post-treatment (T3; one year following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Rubric tool assesses six domains of academic functioning, namely contributions, attitude, preparedness, focus on the task, professionalism and effort, and a composite score from those six scales. Based on the rating of several questions, a mean score of each domain, as well as a total score, will be obtained using a Likert scale that ranges from 1 (lowest the student can achieve) to 4 (highest the student can achieve).

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the Rubric tool

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Rubric tool assesses six domains of academic functioning, namely contributions, attitude, preparedness, focus on the task, professionalism and effort, and a composite score from those six scales. Based on the rating of several questions, a mean score of each domain, as well as a total score, will be obtained using a Likert scale that ranges from 1 (lowest the student can achieve) to 4 (highest the student can achieve).

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the Rubric tool

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Rubric tool assesses six domains of academic functioning, namely contributions, attitude, preparedness, focus on the task, professionalism and effort, and a composite score from those six scales. Based on the rating of several questions, a mean score of each domain, as well as a total score, will be obtained using a Likert scale that ranges from 1 (lowest the student can achieve) to 4 (highest the student can achieve).

Measure: Mean change from baseline on the Rubric tool

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 1-year post-treatment (T3; one year following the end of the intervention)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The CVLT-II assesses verbal episodic memory. The test includes the learning of a list of words, followed by an immediate and a delayed recall.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the California verbal learning test-II (CVLT-II) (delayed recall).

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The CVLT-II assesses verbal episodic memory. The test includes the learning of a list of words, followed by an immediate and a delayed recall.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the California verbal learning test-II (CVLT-II) (delayed recall).

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Rey complex figure test assesses visual episodic memory. The test includes the copy of a complex figure, followed by an immediate and a delayed recall.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Rey Complex Figure test (delayed recall).

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Rey complex figure test assesses visual episodic memory. The test includes the copy of a complex figure, followed by an immediate and a delayed recall.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Rey Complex Figure test (delayed recall).

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The digit span subtest backward assesses verbal working memory. A series of number are read to the participant. The participant has to recall the numbers backward.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the digit span subtest backward of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The digit span subtest backward assesses verbal working memory. A series of number are read to the participant. The participant has to recall the numbers backward.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the digit span subtest backward of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The coding subtest assesses speed of processing. The participant has to match as many numbers as possible with symbols based on a key.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the coding subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The coding subtest assesses speed of processing. The participant has to match as many numbers as possible with symbols based on a key.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the coding subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The spatial span subtest backward assesses visual working memory. A board with blocks are presented to the participant. The assessor point series of blocks and the participant has to point the blocks backward.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the spatial span subtest backward of the Wechsler Memory Scale

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The spatial span subtest backward assesses visual working memory. A board with blocks are presented to the participant. The assessor point series of blocks and the participant has to point the blocks backward.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the spatial span subtest backward of the Wechsler Memory Scale

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The HRT-BC assesses sustained attention. Letters appear on a computer screen and the participant has to press the space bar as fast as possible, except when the letter is an "X". The HRT-BC reflects the reaction time between the six conditions of the CPT-3. In each condition, the letters are presented at a different rate. A higher HRT-BC score indicates a decrease of efficiency in information processing, which suggest difficulties in sustained attention.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Hit Reaction Time Block Change (HRT-BC) of the Continuous Performance Test-3 (CPT-3)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The HRT-BC assesses sustained attention. Letters appear on a computer screen and the participant has to press the space bar as fast as possible, except when the letter is an "X". The HRT-BC reflects the reaction time between the six conditions of the CPT-3. In each condition, the letters are presented at a different rate. A higher HRT-BC score indicates a decrease of efficiency in information processing, which suggest difficulties in sustained attention.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Hit Reaction Time Block Change (HRT-BC) of the Continuous Performance Test-3 (CPT-3)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The fourth condition of the Trail Making Test assesses cognitive flexibility. Letters and numbers are presented on a page.The participants has to connect these letters in alphabetical order and the numbers in numerical order while alternating between the numbers and letters

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the fourth condition of the Trail Making Test (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The fourth condition of the Trail Making Test assesses cognitive flexibility. Letters and numbers are presented on a page.The participants has to connect these letters in alphabetical order and the numbers in numerical order while alternating between the numbers and letters

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the fourth condition of the Trail Making Test (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The third condition of the color-word interference assesses inhibition. Name of color written in a different color of ink are presented to the participant. The participant has to name the color of the ink for each word as fast as possible.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the third condition of the color-word interference (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The third condition of the color-word interference assesses inhibition. Name of color written in a different color of ink are presented to the participant. The participant has to name the color of the ink for each word as fast as possible.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the third condition of the color-word interference (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The first condition of the verbal fluency subtest assesses phonemic fluency. The participant has to name as many word as possible in one minute that start by a given letter.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the verbal fluency subtest (first condition) (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The first condition of the verbal fluency subtest assesses phonemic fluency. The participant has to name as many word as possible in one minute that start by a given letter.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the verbal fluency subtest (first condition) (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; D-KEFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Tower of London assesses planning and organization. For this test, the assessor produces different models on his board using three beads (green, blue and red). The participant has to replicate the model using as few moves as possible.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Tower of London (total item completed with the minimum movement)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Tower of London assesses planning and organization. For this test, the assessor produces different models on his board using three beads (green, blue and red). The participant has to replicate the model using as few moves as possible.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Tower of London (total item completed with the minimum movement)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Matrix reasoning subtest assesses perceptual reasoning. Series of complex patterns are presented to the participant. The participant has to choose the logical end to each pattern.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Matrix subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Matrix reasoning subtest assesses perceptual reasoning. Series of complex patterns are presented to the participant. The participant has to choose the logical end to each pattern.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Matrix subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Combined stories test assesses theory of mind. Short stories are presented to the participant and questions regarding the mental states of the characters are asked.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Combined Stories test

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Combined stories test assesses theory of mind. Short stories are presented to the participant and questions regarding the mental states of the characters are asked.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Combined Stories test

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Social Knowledge test assess social perception. Situations of daily life are presented to the participant. The participant is asked to state the emotion that would be felt by most people in that situation.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Social Knowledge test

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Social Knowledge test assess social perception. Situations of daily life are presented to the participant. The participant is asked to state the emotion that would be felt by most people in that situation.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Social Knowledge test

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Penn Emotion Recognition task assesses emotion recognition. Faces expressing emotions are presented on a computer screen. The participant has to determine the emotion expressed by the character among the seven choices.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Penn Emotion Recognition task

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Penn Emotion Recognition task assesses emotion recognition. Faces expressing emotions are presented on a computer screen. The participant has to determine the emotion expressed by the character among the seven choices.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Penn Emotion Recognition task

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The Échelle de Répercussion Fonctionnelle assesses functional impact of cognitive deficits in daily living using a semi-structured interview. The severity of the functional impact is rated on a Likert scale from 1= no impact to 7=important impact.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Échelle de Répercussion Fonctionnelle

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The Échelle de Répercussion Fonctionnelle assesses functional impact of cognitive deficits in daily living using a semi-structured interview. The severity of the functional impact is rated on a Likert scale from 1= no impact to 7=important impact.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Échelle de Répercussion Fonctionnelle

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The PANSS is a semi-structured interview that assess clinical symptoms of psychotic disorder, including positive symptoms, negative symptoms and general psychopathology.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The PANSS is a semi-structured interview that assess clinical symptoms of psychotic disorder, including positive symptoms, negative symptoms and general psychopathology.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The SERS assesses self-esteem. The questionnaire includes 20 questions rated on a Likert scale from 1=Never to 7=Always

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Self-Esteem Rating Scale (SERS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The SERS assesses self-esteem. The questionnaire includes 20 questions rated on a Likert scale from 1=Never to 7=Always

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Self-Esteem Rating Scale (SERS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The SSTICS assesses metacognitive knowledge, i.e., participant' perceptions of his cognitive abilities. The questionnaire includes 21 questions rated on a Likert scale ranging from 0=Never to 4=very often.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The SSTICS assesses metacognitive knowledge, i.e., participant' perceptions of his cognitive abilities. The questionnaire includes 21 questions rated on a Likert scale ranging from 0=Never to 4=very often.

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (FESFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The FESFS assesses different aspect of functioning including social functioning, productive activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Totally disagree to 4= Completely agree

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the First-Episode Social Functioning Scale (FESFS)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: The CTQ assesses adverse events experienced during childhood and adolescence. The CTQ includes 70 items rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Never true to 5=very often true

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: The CTQ assesses adverse events experienced during childhood and adolescence. The CTQ includes 70 items rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1=Never true to 5=very often true

Measure: Raw score change from baseline on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the BDNF gene (Val66Met).

Measure: Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) at baseline

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the BDNF gene (Val66Met).

Measure: Presence or absence of a genetic variant (Met66Met) of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) at baseline

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

Description: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the 3' end of the COMT gene and the Val158Met polymorphism

Measure: Presence or absence of the Val158Met polymorphism on the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to Post-treatment (T1; directly after the 3-months period of intervention)

Description: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the 3' end of the COMT gene and the Val158Met polymorphism

Measure: Presence or absence of the Val158Met polymorphism on the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene

Time: Baseline (T0; moment of enrollment in the study) to 3-months post-treatment (T2; three months following the end of the intervention)

36 Augmentation of Working Memory Training With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Patients With Schizophrenia

Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia and is in a large part responsible for the poor psychosocial outcome of the disorder. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques as a therapeutic option is just commencing for neuropsychiatric patients. Concerning healthy subjects the investigators have previously shown that anodal tDCS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) parallel to working memory training can sustainingly enhance performance in a spatial n-back task. Additionally, first translational experiments regarding the use of anodal tDCS to improve working memory (WM) in patients with schizophrenia rendered promising results. On those grounds, the investigators now test the hypothesis that anodal tDCS to the right DLPFC can augment working memory training in patients with schizophrenia.

NCT03621540
Conditions
  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Cognitive Deficits
Interventions
  1. Device: active tDCS
  2. Device: sham tDCS
  3. Behavioral: Adaptive working memory training
MeSH:Schizophrenia Cognition Disorders Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Cognitive impairment Mental deterioration Schizophrenia

Examination of gene polymorphisms (BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val108Met158; CACNA1C) via polymerase chain reaction (PCR).. Influence of age on tDCS effectiveness. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Use of d' and response time as dependent variables. Based on signal detection theory, the discriminability index d' (d-prime) is calculated by using the formula d' = Z(hit rate) - Z(false alarm rate).

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in working memory task performance (1-,2-,3-back).

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of working memory training.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B. Results in seconds will be normalized by age and education adjusted standard values. Slower processing time indicates less cognitive flexibility and processing speed.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in cognitive flexibility and processing speed.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training. And changes in follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B. Results in seconds will be normalized by age and education adjusted standard values. Slower processing time indicates less cognitive flexibility and processing speed.

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in cognitive flexibility and processing speed.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Measure of different cognitive domains with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Subscales (Verbal Memory, Working Memory, Motor Function, Verbal Fluency, Speed of Processing, Executive Function) and composite score. Taking age and gender into account, individual test scores are averaged to standardized scores (z-score) . Higher scores indicate better task performance.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in cognition.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training. And changes in follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Measure of different cognitive domains with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Subscales (Verbal Memory, Working Memory, Motor Function, Verbal Fluency, Speed of Processing, Executive Function) and composite score. Taking age and gender into account, individual test scores are averaged to standardized scores (z-score) . Higher scores indicate better task performance.

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in cognition.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Use of the d' and response time as dependent variables. Based on signal detection theory, the discriminability index d' (d-prime) is calculated by using the formula d' = Z(hit rate) - Z(false alarm rate).

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in working memory task performance (1-,2-,3-back).

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Follow up: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Maximum score is 27. Higher scores indicate a higher level of depression.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in depressive symptoms.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training.

Description: Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Maximum score is 27. Higher scores indicate a higher level of depression.

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in depressive symptoms.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS measures symptom severity on a positive, a negative and a general psychopathology scale. Higher scores indicate more pronounced symptom severity. The PANSS will be analyzed in subscales and as a summed total score.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in psychopathology.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training. And changes in follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS measures symptom severity on a positive, a negative and a general psychopathology scale. Higher scores indicate more pronounced symptom severity. The PANSS will be analyzed in subscales and as a summed total score.

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in psychopathology.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The total score is calculated by addition of 5 subscales with a maximum score of 25. A higher score indicates more pronounced negative symptoms.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in negative symptoms

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training.

Description: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The total score is calculated by addition of 5 subscales with a maximum score of 25. A higher score indicates more pronounced negative symptoms.

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in negative symptoms

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. And changes in follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, short version (WHOQOL-BREF). Four major domains are assessed: physical, psychological, social relationships and environment. It consists of 26 items and a maximum score of 130. Higher scores indicate a higher quality of life.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in quality of life.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training.

Description: World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, short version (WHOQOL-BREF). Four major domains are assessed: physical, psychological, social relationships and environment. It consists of 26 items and a maximum score of 130. Higher scores indicate a higher quality of life

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in quality of life.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training. And changes in follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS).Scale with 21 items, maximum score of 84, higher scores indicate more subjective cognitive impairment.

Measure: Change (post training - pre training) in subjective cognitive capacity.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training.

Description: Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS).Scale with 21 items, maximum score of 84, higher scores indicate more subjective cognitive impairment.

Measure: Change (follow-up - pre training) in subjective cognitive capacity.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Follow-up sessions: 4 and 12 weeks after completion of working memory training.

Description: resting state connectivity, event-related potentials (ERP), 32-channel EEG

Measure: Differences in EEG signatures between interventional arms.

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start. Post Training: 3-4 days after completion of training

Other Outcomes

Description: Examination of gene polymorphisms (BDNF Val66Met, COMT Val108Met158; CACNA1C) via polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Measure: Influence of genetic constitution on tDCS effectiveness

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start

Description: Age in years; demographic questionnaire

Measure: Influence of age on tDCS effectiveness

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start

Description: Sex: male, female, not specified; self report questionnaire

Measure: Influence of sex on tDCS effectiveness

Time: Pre Training: 3-4 days before training start

37 Investigating the Plastic Effects of Repetitive Paired Associative Stimulation (rPAS) in Dystonia

Background: - People with dystonia have serious muscle contractions that cause abnormal movements or postures. This significantly affects their daily lives. The common type is called organic. The other type is psychogenic. People with this type have typical symptoms plus some psychological effects. Researchers will look at how rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the brain combined with stimulation of a nerve affects the ability to detect sensations. They will compare the responses of people with different types of dystonia. They will also compare the responses of people with dystonia to responses of people without it. This study may help us learn more about the nature of different types of dystonia. Objectives: - To see whether TMS combined with nerve stimulation affects the brain differently in people with different types of dystonia and those without dystonia. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years old, who are right-handed and have dystonia. - Healthy volunteers at least 18 years old. Design: - Participants will have two clinical visits. Each visit will be a few hours long. They can be done on the same day. - Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. - Participants will take several sensory tests. For these tests, electrodes will be placed on their skin. The participants will feel small electric shocks during some of the tests. - Participants will undergo TMS. For 2 minutes, quick electrical currents will pass through a wire coil placed on their head. As this happens, researchers will ask the participants to move certain muscles.

NCT01888926
Conditions
  1. Dystonia
MeSH:Dystonia Dystonic Disorders
HPO:Dystonia Focal dystonia Limb dystonia Paroxysmal dystonia Writer's cramp

Outcome Measures Primary outcome variable: Change in MEP amplitudes at T30 from baseline Secondary outcome variables: - Input-output curve parameters (measured at baseline, T0, T30, and T60) - Temporal discrimination threshold (TDT) Exploratory Measures - Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), a measure of inhibition in the motor cortex - Influence of Val66Met BDNF polymorphism on the output variables Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) will be used to investigate the following three factors on the outcome variables: time (four levels: baseline, T0, T30 and T60) and muscle (two levels: APB and FDI) as within-subject factor and group (three levels: organic dystonia, psychogenic dystonia, and healthy controls) as between-subjects factor. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Change from baseline in the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude at S50 after 30 minutes from rPAS (T30).

Time: 30 minutes from rPAS

38 Neuroimaging Predictors of Antidepressant Treatment Outcome

Current medical therapies for depression take weeks to achieve full efficacy, and are ineffective in many patients or cause intolerable side effects, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of depression and its treatment. Identifying early brain biomarkers of treatments responses seems necessary to improve antidepressant treatment outcome. In this study we aim to detect early brain responses to a fast acting antidepressant-like treatment administered intravenously during a Real-Time Neurofeedback functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Task to predict antidepressant treatment outcome in depression. At completion of the neuroimaging task, participants will enter a placebo-controlled clinical trial with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

NCT02000726
Conditions
  1. Depression
Interventions
  1. Drug: Placebo
  2. Drug: Citalopram
  3. Drug: Fast acting antidepressant-like treatment. administered i.v. during the fMRI scanning session
MeSH:Depression

Inferential Reasoning (including cost-benefit analysis): Delayed Discounting of Money Rewards, Iowa Gambling Task, Common Difference effect gambling task and the WCST.. BDNF Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotyping. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses during the Real-Time Neurofeedback Task.

Time: BOLD responses will be assessed at baseline and depression severity will be assessed at baseline

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Depression severity assessed with several depressive questionnaires.

Time: Every two weeks until the end of the trial (16 weeks total), or until the participants leave the study.

Other Outcomes

Description: Affect processing: Emotional Words Task and Facial Emotion Perception test. Attention and Inhibitory Control: Parametric Go/NoGo, Trail Making test and the Stroop Color Word test . Inferential Reasoning (including cost-benefit analysis): Delayed Discounting of Money Rewards, Iowa Gambling Task, Common Difference effect gambling task and the WCST.

Measure: Neuropsychological functioning of patients with depression

Time: At baseline

Description: 5ml of blood drawn per participants will be used for genotyping

Measure: BDNF Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotyping

Time: At baseline

39 Study of the BDNF- Val66Met Polymorphism in Alcohol-dependent Subjects in Relation to Abstinence After Withdrawal

This study is complementary to the main study "Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Levels Evolution During the Six Months After Alcohol Withdrawal " NCT01491347. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Bdnf gene - Val66Met polymorphism in subjects with alcohol dependence according to their alcohol consumption status 6 months after withdrawal (relapse or abstinence), in relation to the presence of psychiatric co-morbidities.

NCT02146963
Conditions
  1. Alcohol Dependence
MeSH:Alcoholism

Study of the BDNF- Val66Met Polymorphism in Alcohol-dependent Subjects in Relation to Abstinence After Withdrawal. --- Val66Met ---

Study of the BDNF-Val66Met Polymorphism in Alcohol-dependent Subjects in Relation to Abstinence After Withdrawal This study is complementary to the main study "Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Levels Evolution During the Six Months After Alcohol Withdrawal " NCT01491347. --- Val66Met ---

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Bdnf gene - Val66Met polymorphism in subjects with alcohol dependence according to their alcohol consumption status 6 months after withdrawal (relapse or abstinence), in relation to the presence of psychiatric co-morbidities. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: Frequency of the Bdnf gene Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met phenotypes as a function of relapse

Time: at the time of inclusion

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: serum BDNF levels variations between inclusion and 6 months later (or 4 months if the participants does not come for the 4 months-follow-up).

Time: 6 months after alcohol withdrawal

Measure: existence of a psychiatric co-morbidity at the inclusion (major depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder)

Time: at the time of inclusion

Measure: presence of a psychiatric co-morbidity at 6 months after withdrawal (major depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder)

Time: 6 month after alcohol withdrawal

40 Neuromodulation Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Severe Refractory Primary Dysmenorrhea: BDNF and MEG Study

Primary Dysmenorrhea (PDM), defined as menstrual pain without discernable organic causes, is inexorably common in adolescent women, about 40-90% of women may suffer from it, and 20% of them can be severe in the context of being refractory to medication, daily function impairment, and having pain of severe degree. Novel therapeutic method is in need for pain alleviation for this particular phenotype. It has been reported that PDM females may engage motor-cortex based descending pain modulation system in our resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) and thermal pain-activation fMRI studies. Based on the reported analgesic efficacy of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the motor cortex for various experimental painful conditions and clinical pain disorders, it is plausible that tDCS can be effective for the severe and medication-refractory PDM patients. This study aim to investigate the analgesic efficacy of tDCS in severe PDMs and to elucidate the dynamic brain neuroplasticity in the context of experimental pain after tDCS intervention. Thirty severe PDMs will be recruited and randomly allocated to either real or sham group in a triple-blind manner. Experimental pain electrical stimulation will be performed before and after the tDCS intervention. The experimental pain-evoked magnetoencephamographic (MEG) data will be correlated with behavioral and psychological measurements. This is the first study in the literature investigating the tDCS efficacy for acute pain in severe PDM. The result can promise a new possibility for clinical application.

NCT03608215
Conditions
  1. Primary Dysmenorrhea
Interventions
  1. Device: Active tDCS
  2. Device: Sham tDCS
MeSH:Dysmenorrhea
HPO:Dysmenorrhea

To genotype the single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping (i.e., BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265), COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), OPRM1 (rs1799971), 5HTR2A (rs6313), SLC6A4 (rs25531)) from blood specimen. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: pain scale; from 0 to 10; score 0: no pain, score 10: unbearable pain

Measure: Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Time: change from baseline (1st menstrual phase, before tDCS) at one month (2nd menstrual phase, with tDCS), change from baseline (1st menstrual phase, before tDCS) at two months (3rd menstrual phase)

Description: Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) is a well established magnetoencephalographic (MEG) cortical response evoked by electric stimulation. SEFs to experimental pain stimulation using electrical stimulator applied on the skin over the trajectory of median nerve will be used to evaluate pain-evoked cortical response.

Measure: Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields to experimental pain

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS, before 2nd menstrual phase) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS, before 2nd menstrual phase) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: To assess the threshold of thermal sensation (cold, cold-pain, heat, heat-pain; from 0 to 50 centigrade temperature), according to the established protocol of an ascending limit approach for heat pain and a descending limit approach for cold pain.

Measure: Quantitative sensory testing (QST)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess anxious symptoms; from 20 to 80; score 20: not anxious, score 80: extremely anxious

Measure: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess anxious symptoms; from 0 to 63; score 0: not anxious, score 63: extremely anxious

Measure: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess depressive symptoms; from 0 to 63; score 0: not depressed, score 63: extremely depressed

Measure: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess pain-maladaptive psychological status; from 0 to 52; score 0: not pain Catastrophizing , score 52: extremely pain Catastrophizing

Measure: Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess pain status; from 0 to 78; score 0: not painful, score 78: extremely painful

Measure: Long-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess quality of life; he SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. From 0 to 100; score 0: equivalent to maximum disability, score 100: no disability.

Measure: Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at five weeks (after the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To assess testosterone, progesterone, estrogen

Measure: Blood Hormones Measurement

Time: change from baseline (before tDCS) at one week (after tDCS completion), change from baseline (before tDCS) at four weeks (before the 3rd menstrual phase)

Description: To genotype the single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping (i.e., BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265), COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), OPRM1 (rs1799971), 5HTR2A (rs6313), SLC6A4 (rs25531)) from blood specimen

Measure: Genotyping

Time: baseline

Description: To assure blinding efficacy; Patients do self-assessment about whether they receive real tDCS or sham tDCS. Assessment questionnaire:1 or 0. 1: real tDCS; 0: sham tDCS.

Measure: Efficacy of tDCS blinding

Time: At 1 months after tDCS intervention

41 Feasibility Testing a Randomized Controlled Trial of an mHealth-enhanced Exercise Program to Improve Cognition for T2DM Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction, which carries substantial lifetime consequences. This highlights an urgent need to find effective therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive function among those with T2DM. Aerobic exercise enhances cognitive function among healthy subjects through increased release of BDNF. BDNF supports survival of existing neurons and promotes growth of new neurons and synapses. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced BDNF levels may exacerbate cognitive dysfunction associated with T2DM. Compared to drug delivery of BDNF, aerobic exercise is a low-cost, safe, and easily accessible path to increasing endogenous BDNF levels. One critical genetic variant that affects BDNF secretion and cognition is the BDNF Val66Met variant, which is a common missense polymorphism that results in a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) substitution at codon 66 located in exon IX of the BDNF gene. The Met allele alters intracellular processing, trafficking, packaging of pro-BDNF, and consequently interferes with the activity-dependent secretion of mature BDNF among Met carriers. In addition, previous research reported an influence of the Val66Met variant on the methylation level of the surrounding region. Carrying a G nucleotide (i.e., Val allele) will have an additional CpG site, and Val/Val homozygotes demonstrated a significant increase in methylation levels of four nearby CpG sites compared to Val/Met heterozygotes and Met/Met homozygotes. Because high BDNF gene methylation is associated with reduced BDNF mRNA levels, this may result in lower BDNF levels among Val/Val carriers. However, the transcription of promoter IV can be initiated by exercise, suggesting that epigenetic modulation of BDNF gene expression may be achieved by exercise. It is plausible that exercise may partly reverse transcriptional repression through dynamic DNA demethylation, but the interaction between DNA demethylation and Val homozygosity may be different from that in Met/Met and in Val/Met carriers, which could explain interpersonal differences in cognitive outcomes among these carriers following exercise training. So far, the evidence on the interplay of the Val66Met polymorphism, DNA methylation, and exercise on cognition among individuals with T2DM is still lacking. A total of 42 participants with T2DM will be randomized 2:1 to receive aerobic exercise intervention (n=28) or attention control (n=14) for 3 months. Both groups will receive weekly phone calls during the intervention and standard printed education materials regarding diabetes self-management. In addition to these interventions, the aerobic exercise group (i.e., experimental group) will also perform home-based walking exercise, while the attention control group will perform home-based stretching exercise. Trained students will monitor the exercise sessions for both groups at the Connected Health Platform (hereafter referred to as "platform"). Blood samples will be collected at baseline and three months. Outcomes of interest include post-intervention changes in plasma BDNF levels, BDNF DNA methylation executive function, memory, and processing speed. The study will evaluate the feasibility of the home-based exercise intervention. The study will also evaluate preliminary effectiveness of the supervised exercise program on of the exercise program on BDNF DNA demethylation. An exploratory aim is to explore the association of DNA demethylation with plasma BDNF levels and cognition.

NCT04603885
Conditions
  1. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cognitive Dysfunction, Epigenetics, Exercise
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Aerobic exercise program
  2. Behavioral: Stretching exercise
MeSH:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Cognitive impairment Mental deterioration Type II diabetes mellitus

One critical genetic variant that affects BDNF secretion and cognition is the BDNF Val66Met variant, which is a common missense polymorphism that results in a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) substitution at codon 66 located in exon IX of the BDNF gene. --- Val66Met ---

In addition, previous research reported an influence of the Val66Met variant on the methylation level of the surrounding region. --- Val66Met ---

So far, the evidence on the interplay of the Val66Met polymorphism, DNA methylation, and exercise on cognition among individuals with T2DM is still lacking. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Measure: BDNF DNA demethylation in percentage

Time: Three months

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Plasma BDNF levels in ng

Time: Three months

Description: Executive function will be measured by the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.88. Convergent validity and discriminant validity is -0.51 and 0.14, respectively.

Measure: Executive function

Time: Three months

Description: Episodic memory will be measured by the Picture Sequence Memory Test. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.77. Convergent validity and discriminant validity is 0.69 and -0.08, respectively.

Measure: Episodic memory

Time: Three months

Description: Working memory will be measured by the List Sorting Working Memory Test. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.77. Convergent validity and discriminant validity are 0.58 and 0.30, respectively.

Measure: Working memory

Time: Three months

Description: Processing speed will be measured by the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test. The test takes about 3 minutes to compete. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.72. Convergent validity and discriminant validity is 0.49 and 0.12, respectively.

Measure: Processing speed

Time: Three months

42 A Virtual Reality Intervention to Improve Attention in Heart Failure Patients

Heart failure is a prevalent and serious public health concern with the growing aging population. Patients with heart failure often experience attention impairment that decreases their ability to perform self-care and diminishes their health-related quality of life. In past studies, 15 - 27% of heart failure patients had attention impairment. Attention is fundamental to human activities including self-care management of heart failure. However, cognitive interventions focusing on attention are scarce in heart failure literature. This study focuses on developing a novel cognitive intervention specifically targeting improved attention and testing its efficacy on improving attention, self-care, and health-related quality of life. The investigators in this study are asking the following 3 questions: 1) does the newly developed cognitive intervention using immersive virtual reality technology (Nature-VR) improve attention compared with the control condition (Urban-VR)?; 2) does Nature-VR intervention improve HF self-care and health-related quality of life compared with Urban-VR control condition?; and 3) are selected biological factors associated with attention function in HF? The virtual reality-based cognitive intervention (Nature-VR) can be an efficacious intervention for the patients to use and enjoy without burdening already reduced attention. This study has great potential to improve attention and prevent attention impairment, thereby leading to healthier lives among heart failure patients.

NCT04485507
Conditions
  1. Heart Failure
  2. Cognitive Dysfunction
Interventions
  1. Other: Nature-VR
  2. Other: Urban-VR
MeSH:Heart Failure Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Abnormal left ventricular function Cognitive impairment Congestive heart failure Mental deterioration Right ventricular failure

The frequency of BDNF Val66Met genotype (e.g., rs6265) will be examined and attention will be examined by the genotype.. Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Performances on the computerized cognitive test of Multi-Source Interference Task will be examined in terms of speed and accuracy. Participants are instructed to identify the target number, which is different than the other 3 numbers provided on the computer screen. There are two types of trials, congruent and incongruent. Congruent trials have a target number that is always matched its position on the button (e.g., 100, 020, or 223), in contrast, incongruent trials have the target number that is never matched with it position in the button (e.g., 010, 233, or 232). Faster response time and lower error rates indicate better attention.

Measure: Changes in attention - Multi-Source Interference Task

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Description: Participants are instructed to remember the sequence of numbers the data collector told and repeat the numbers right after the instructor finished talking. This test has 2 subsets, Forward-repeat exactly the same sequence, and Backward-repeat the numbers in the backward from last to the first. More digits correctly repeated indicate better attention.

Measure: Changes in attention - Digit Span Test

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Description: This traditional cognitive test of attention is a paper-pencil based measure and has 2 parts. Part A requires participants to connect a series of randomly arrayed, distinct circles numbered 1 to 25 in correct order as quickly as possible. Part B requires participants to connect a series of 25 circles numbered 1 to 13 randomly intermixed with letters from A to L, alternating between numbers and letters, and proceeding in ascending order (e.g., 1-A-2-B-3 and so on). Faster response time in seconds indicates better attention.

Measure: Changes in attention - Trail Making Test

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Description: Stroop Test is a color-word test measuring the ability to processe different visual features and ignore distractions. The test has 2 parts of reading letters of color names and colors of color names using 4 color names (i.e., red, blue, yellow, and green). Congruent trials have the same letters and colors of the color names (i.e., red in red color). Incongruent trials have different letters and colors of the color names (i.e., red in blue color). Faster response time and lower error rates indicate better attention.

Measure: Changes in attention - Stroop Test

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Description: This self-reported questionnaire has 13 items on 0 to 10 response scales asking effectiveness in behaviors requiring attention. Higher scores indicate better subjective attention

Measure: Changes in attention - Attentional Function Index

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Description: This self-reported questionnaire consists of 29 items divided into 3 scales measuring self-care maintenance, symptom perception, and self-care management. In addition, self-care confidence is measured by additional 10 items. Each scale is scored separately and standardized to achieve a possible score of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better self-care of HF.

Measure: Changes in the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI)

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Description: Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire will be used to measure health-related quality of life. This self-report questionnaire consists of 21 items on which patients are asked to rate how their HF condition impacted their physical and emotional health. Lower scores indicate better HRQL.

Measure: Changes in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LHFQ)

Time: Baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 26 weeks

Other Outcomes

Description: Venipuncture will be performed to draw the blood by following Indiana University general laboratory safety guidelines. Changes in the serum BDNF levels (ng/ml) and its associations with attention will be examined.

Measure: Changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (serum BDNF)

Time: Baseline and 4 weeks

Description: Venupucture will be performed to draw the blood for the possible genetic biomarker. The frequency of BDNF Val66Met genotype (e.g., rs6265) will be examined and attention will be examined by the genotype.

Measure: BDNF gene

Time: Baseline

Description: Venupucture will be performed to draw the blood for the possible genetic biomarker. The 3 common allele of APOE (i.e., e2, e3, and e4) will be examined. The frequency of APOE genotypes (e.g., rs7412, rs429358) will be examined and attention will be examined by the genotype.

Measure: Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene

Time: Baseline

Description: Venupucture will be performed to draw the blood for the possible genetic biomarker. Specifically, dopamine receptor gene 4 (e.g., 48 bp VNTR) polymorphism and its association with attention will be examined.

Measure: Dopamine receptor gene

Time: Baseline

Description: Venupucture will be performed to draw the blood for the possible genetic biomarker. The dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) (e.g., rs28363170 - 40 bp VNTR) polymorphism and its association with attention will be examined.

Measure: Dopamine transporter gene

Time: Baseline

43 University of Iowa Interventional Psychiatry Service Patient Registry

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of interventional/procedural therapies for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). These treatments include electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), racemic ketamine infusion and intranasal esketamine insufflation. The investigators will obtain various indicators, or biomarkers, of a depressed individuals' state before, during, and/or after these treatments. Such biomarkers include neurobehavioral testing, neuroimaging, electroencephalography, cognitive testing, vocal recordings, epi/genetic testing, and autonomic nervous system measures (i.e. "fight-or-flight" response). The results obtained from this study may provide novel antidepressant treatment response biomarkers, with the future goal of targeting a given treatment to an individual patient ("personalized medicine").

NCT04480918
Conditions
  1. Treatment Resistant Depression
  2. Major Depressive Episode
  3. Major Depression
  4. Major Depressive Disorder
  5. Bipolar Disorder
  6. Bipolar Depression
Interventions
  1. Device: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
  2. Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
  3. Drug: Ketamine
  4. Drug: Esketamine
MeSH:Disease Depression Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder, Major Bipolar Disorder Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
HPO:Bipolar affective disorder Depressivity Mania

Data on genetic polymorphisms (differences) that have been demonstrated or hypothesized to play a functional role in major depression, e.g. the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 (val66met) single nucleotide polymorphism, will be obtained. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The MADRS contains 10 items, and each item is scored 0-6. These item scores are summed to create a scale score; thus, scale scores range from 0 to 60. A scale score of 0 indicates the absence of depressive symptoms, while a score of 60 indicates severe depression. The primary outcome is the mean change in total MADRS score. A decrease in the mean MADRS score indicates a decrease (or improvement) in depressive symptoms, whereas an increase in the mean MADRS score indicates an increase (or worsening) in depressive symptoms.

Measure: Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The CGI is a clinician-measured scale of 3 items: Severity of Illness (item 1), Global Improvement (item 2), and Efficacy Index (item 3). Items 1 and 2 are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1=normal, 7=among the most extremely ill patients) with a possible response of "not assessed." Item 3 is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from "none" to "outweighs therapeutic effect." Items 1 and 3 are assessed in relation to last clinical encounter (if possible).

Measure: Clinical Global Impression/Severity (CGI) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The GAD-7 is the self-reported anxiety questionnaire which scores each of the 7 symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the last two weeks on a 4-point scale, i.e. 0 ("not at all"), 1 ("several days"), 2 ("over half the days") and 3 ("nearly every day"). Functional impairment is also assessed from "Not difficult at all" to "Extremely difficult."

Measure: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 7-item (GAD-7) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The MoCA is a 30-point screening instrument for detecting cognitive dysfunction. It is used to assess the following cognitive domains: visuospatial/executive, naming, memory, attention, language, abstraction, delayed (short-term memory recall), and orientation.

Measure: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The PHQ-9 is the self-reported depression module of the PHQ, which scores each of the 9 symptoms of a major depressive episode on a 4-point scale, i.e. 0 ("not at all"), 1 ("several days"), 2 ("more than half the days") and 3 ("nearly every day"). Functional impairment is also assessed from "Not difficult at all" to "Extremely difficult."

Measure: Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item (PHQ-9) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The TCI is a 240-item questionnaire. It operates with seven dimensions of personality traits, i.e. four so-called temperaments: Novelty Seeking (NS), Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), and Persistence (PS), and three so-called characters: Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (CO) and Self-Transcendence (ST). Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales.

Measure: Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Other Outcomes

Description: The patient will be asked to continuously wear a Fitbit wristband to monitor gross motor activity, e.g. foot steps. Changes in gross motor activity throughout the day will also provide data on circadian rhythmicity (sleep-wake cycles).

Measure: Actigraphy Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The investigators will obtain tissue samples, e.g. blood, saliva, and/or cheek swabs, and DNA will be isolated and extracted. Data on genetic polymorphisms (differences) that have been demonstrated or hypothesized to play a functional role in major depression, e.g. the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 (val66met) single nucleotide polymorphism, will be obtained. These genotypes (genetic data) will then be correlated with antidepressant response.

Measure: Candidate Gene (DNA) Polymorphisms

Time: The genetic specimen will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment (likely with the baseline epigenetic sample.

Description: The investigators will obtain task-free ("resting state") rs-EEG [detecting electrical signals in the brain] at baseline and in response to interventional treatments for treatment-resistant depression.

Measure: Electroencephalography (EEG) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The investigators will obtain tissue samples, e.g. blood, saliva, and/or cheek swabs, at baseline and in response to interventional treatments for treatment-resistant depression. DNA will be isolated and extracted. Data on epigenetic (experience-based) modifications to the DNA that have been demonstrated or hypothesized to play a functional role in major depression, e.g. global methylation changes, will be obtained. Changes in epigenetic status, e.g. global DNA methylation changes pre- and post-treatment, will then be correlated with antidepressant response.

Measure: Epigenetic (Experience-Based) DNA Modifications Pre-Post Change

Time: The initial specimen will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. The post-specimen will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: Facial recognition software, FaceX (FaceX LLC) will be used to record and analysis facial features at rest and evoked by interview questions and emotionally provocative videos.

Measure: Facial Expression Analysis Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: Galvanic skin response as a surrogate marker of autonomic reactivity will be obtained in response to the presentation of emotional stories or images.

Measure: Galvanic Skin Response Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: Heart rate variability as a surrogate marker of autonomic reactivity will be obtained in response to the presentation of emotional stories or images.

Measure: Heart Rate Variability Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The NIH Toolbox is a comprehensive set of neurobehavioral assessments that assess multiple neuropsychiatric domains. We will perform the cognitive and emotional batteries in this study.

Measure: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox(R) Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: Pupillometry (pupil diameter measurements) as a surrogate marker of autonomic reactivity will be obtained in response to the presentation of emotional stories or images.

Measure: Pupillometry Pre-Post Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The investigators will obtain task-free ("resting state") rs-fMRI [detecting blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain] at baseline and in response to interventional treatments for treatment-resistant depression.

Measure: Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) Pre-Post Change

Time: The initial imaging session will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. The post-treatment imaging session occur as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The investigators will obtain structural brain imaging at baseline and in response to interventional treatments for treatment-resistant depression.

Measure: Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Pre-Post Change

Time: The initial imaging session will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. The post-treatment imaging session occur as close as possible following completion of treatment course (usually 4-6 weeks later).

Description: The patient will be asked to read standardized passages, i.e. Grandfather Passage and Rainbow Passage, and answer questions about daily life and interests while being recorded. These recordings will be transcribed and analyzed for vocal tone, inflection, word choice, etc.

Measure: Vocal Pattern Detection Pre, During and Post-Change

Time: Pre-assessment will be obtained within approximately 1 week of starting treatment. Interim assessments will occur weekly during treatment. Post-assessment will be obtained as close as possible following completion of treatment course.

44 The Effects and Mechanism of the Sequential Combination of Exercise and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients With Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study is to determine the treatment effects of sequential combination of aerobic exercise and cognitive training on cognitive function, physiological markers, daily function, physical function, social participation and quality of life in stroke patients with cognitive decline.

NCT03045991
Conditions
  1. Stroke Patients With Cognitive Decline
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: aerobic exercise training
  2. Behavioral: control training
  3. Behavioral: cognitive training
MeSH:Stroke Cognitive Dysfunction
HPO:Cognitive impairment Mental deterioration Stroke

The Chinese version of short form GDS will be used.. Genotyping of the BDNF val66met polymorphism. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: The MoCA will be used to assess general cognitive functions. It examines several cognitive domains with a total score of 30

Measure: Change scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The WMS-III is a standardized and reliable neuropsychological examination tool designed to evaluate visuospatial and memory functions

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The WAIS-III is developed to measure an individual's intelligence level. It includes tests that evaluate cognitive functions in verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual organization, and processing speed

Measure: Change scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The UFOV assessment is a computer-based visual test containing three subtests: visuomotor processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention.

Measure: Change scores of Useful Field of View (UFOV)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Stroop Color-Word assesses the abilities of selective attention, inhibition and executive function. The participants will be tested under congruent and incongruent conditions.

Measure: Change scores of Stroop Color-Word test

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The dual-task test evaluates the ability to shift attention between one task and another. Participants will perform the box and block test (BBT) while doing secondary cognitive tasks while sitting. Participants will perform BBT by affected and less affected hand.

Measure: Change scores of Dual-task test

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Up-regulation of neurotrophic and vascular growth factors

Measure: Change scores of serum BDNF level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: Antioxidative markers will be used to reflect the changes on oxidative stress. In particular, we will be analyzing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

Measure: Change scores of Antioxidative marker

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: HbA1C level will be tested to investigate the relationships between blood glucose level and aerobic exercise

Measure: Change scores of Glucose indicator

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: The cholesterol ratio (total cholesterol divided by high-density lipid) will be evaluated to reflect the lipid level in the blood.

Measure: Change scores of Plasma lipid level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: The FIM assesses the dependence level of individuals with stroke to perform 18 activities (13 motor and five cognitive tasks) in daily living. The score ranges from 18 to 126 and higher scores demonstrate greater independent participation in daily activities.

Measure: Change scores of Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Lawton IADL scale assesses independent living skills, such as shopping or managing finances.

Measure: Change scores of Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The SIS 3.0 will be used to evaluate health-related quality of life for patients with stroke. The SIS assesses eight domains (strength, hand function, ADL/IADL, mobility, communication, emotion, memory and thinking, and participation/role function) with 59 test items.

Measure: Change scores of Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: CB scale evaluates the burden of the primary caregiver of the participants. Lessening the burden of caregivers after the intervention may significantly improve the quality of life for patients with stroke and their family.

Measure: Change scores of Caregiver Burden (CB) scale

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The quality of life will be assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire which comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.

Measure: Change scores of EuroQol (EQ)-5D questionnaire

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The TUG assesses the dynamic balance ability and mobility. The participants will be required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down.

Measure: Change scores of Timed up and go test (TUG)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The 6MWT measures the maximum distance walked over 6 minutes, which assess the endurance and mobility level of the participants. The participants could rest as needed during the course of the test.

Measure: Change scores of Six-minute walk test (6MWT)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Accelerometers will be used to provide an objective measure of the amount of arm movements in real-life situations. The participants will be asked to wear an Actigraphy activity monitor.

Measure: Change scores of Mobility level

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: The IPAQ is an international measure of health-related physical activity.

Measure: Change scores of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The UE-FMA subscale will be used to assess the sensorimotor impairment level of UE in patients after stroke. The UE-FMA contains 33 movements with a score range from 0 to 66. A higher UE-FMA score indicates less impairment of the paretic limb. The validity and reliability of FMA is good to excellent.

Measure: Change scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The RMI evaluates the participant's bed mobility, postural transfers and walking ability. It contains a 15-item scale which includes 14 questions and one direct observation, with a total of score of 15.

Measure: Change scores of Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Accelerometers will be used to provide an objective measure of the amount of arm movements in real-life situations. The participants will be asked to wear an Actigraphy activity monitor. We will evaluate isometric knee flexors and extensors muscle strength using handheld dynamometer. Also, we will use hand dynamometer to measure grip strength of the affected and less affected hand while the participant is seated, with the elbow at 90-degree flexion. We will record the mean value of 3 attempts.

Measure: Change scores of muscle strength

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The CIQ measures items relevant to home integration, social integration, and productive activities.

Measure: Change scores of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The Chinese version of short form GDS will be used.

Measure: Change scores of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: Up-regulation of neurotrophic and vascular growth factors

Measure: Genotyping of the BDNF val66met polymorphism

Time: Once during the intervention(an expected average of 3 months)

Description: In addition to MAL, the ActiGraph GX3 accelerometers (ActiGraph, Shalimar, FL, USA) will be used to quantitatively assess the amount of arm use in the participants' home settings.The actigraphy will be placed on bilateral wrist for 3 consecutive days before and after the 1-month intervention. The participants will carry the actigraphy all day except for activities that involve water, such as swimming or bathing. Using the actigraphy, investigators will be able to record and calculate the number of hand movements per minute, and the data will be analyzed with the MAHUFFE software (http://www.mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk/). The actigraphy has often been used to evaluate arm use in patients with stroke.

Measure: Change scores of Actigraphy

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months)

Description: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most commonly administered psychometric screening assessment of cognitive functioning. The MMSE is used to screen patients for cognitive impairment, track changes in cognitive functioning over time, and often to assess the effects of therapeutic agents on cognitive function. The total score of MMSE ranged from 0 to 30. Higher values represent a better cognitive functioning.

Measure: Change scores of Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The MRC is an ordinal scale that assesses muscle strength. The scoring for each muscle ranges from 0 to 5, with a higher score indicates stronger muscle. The reliability of MRC for all muscle groups was good to excellent in patients with stroke.

Measure: Change scores of Medical Research Council scale (MRC)

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

Description: The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, or NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke. The NIHSS is composed of 11 items, each of which scores a specific ability between a 0 and 4. For each item, a score of 0 typically indicates normal function in that specific ability, while a higher score is indicative of some level of impairment. The individual scores from each item are summed in order to calculate a patient's total NIHSS score. The maximum possible score is 42, with the minimum score being a 0.

Measure: Change scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

Time: Baseline, posttest (an expected average of 3 months), follow-up (up to 9 months)

45 Secondary Prevention of Depression Applying an Experimental Attentional Bias Modification Procedure

Depression (Major Depressive Disorder; MDD) has been dubbed "the common cold among the mental illnesses" and it is also a highly recurrent disorder. Secondary prevention has been identified as a key goal in the long-term management of depression. High recurrence rate suggests that there are specific vulnerability factors that increase people's risk for developing repeated episodes of the disorder. Preventive strategies should identify and ameliorate these factors to reduce the individual's risk of subsequent episodes. Biased attention for emotional stimuli is central to the cognitive model where increased sensitivity to negative cues is believed to fuel the negative thoughts and feelings in depression and play a key role in maintaining the illness. Selective biases in attention can be modified by a simple computerized technique; The Attention Bias Modification Task (ABM). This project aims to investigate whether ABM can reduce surrogate and clinical markers of relapse in a large group highly vulnerable to depressive episodes. The effects of ABM, immediately after the two weeks intervention, on three key risk factors for depression will be studied: Residual symptoms, cortisol awakening response and emotion regulation strategies. The participants will be followed up after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The hypothesis that ABM will reduce subsequent episodes of low mood over the following 12 months in this group in a manner predicted by early changes in these risk factors will be investigated. It will also be tested if such effects in the lab may be dependent on candidate genes which affect serotonin reuptake and which have been implicated in malleability and emotional learning. Effects on underlying neural correlates of emotion regulation will be studied in an fMRI experiment in a sub-sample and which will also be stratified by serotonin transporter genotype (see also NCT02931487). The predictive value of meta cognitions related to rumination and the possible mediating effects of automatic thoughts and perceived stress will also be investigated in a sub group (see also NCT02648165). The characterization of the cognitive, genetic and neural mechanisms underlying the ABM effect will have key implications for future treatment development and combination with other treatment modalities like pharmacotherapy.

NCT02658682
Conditions
  1. Major Depression
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Attention Bias Modification
  2. Behavioral: Sham Attention Bias Modification
MeSH:Depression Depressive Disorder
HPO:Depressivity

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphic variation linked to Brian Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) variation will moderate the effect of ABM on residual symptoms compared to neutral ABM placebo condition. --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Beck Depression Inventory

Measure: Change in residual symptoms of depression. Self report.

Time: At baseline and immediately after ABM intervention (during first week after ABM).

Description: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

Measure: Change in residual symptoms of depression. Clinician rating

Time: At baseline and immediately after ABM intervention (during first week after ABM).

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Measured by the MINI structured interview

Measure: Recurrence of major depressive episodes

Time: Will be measured 12 month after baseline

Description: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ).

Measure: Changes in Emotion Regulation

Time: At baseline.

Description: The Rumination Response Scale

Measure: Changes in Rumination

Time: At baseline and 12 months after intervention

Description: Cortisol samples from saliva measured by diural variation (6 samples).

Measure: Changes in cortisol response.

Time: At baseline, immediately after ABM intervention and one month after intervention.

Description: Beck Anxiety Inventory

Measure: Changes in symptoms of anxiety

Time: At baseline, immediately after ABM intervention (during first week after ABM intervention), 1 month after intervention, 6 months after intervention and 12 months after intervention

Other Outcomes

Description: Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ)

Measure: Automatic thoughts

Time: At baseline, immediately after ABM intervention (average one day), 1 month after intervention, 6 months after intervention and 12 months after intervention

Description: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Measure: Changes in perceived stress

Time: At baseline, immediately after ABM intervention (average one day), , 1 month after intervention, 6 months after intervention and 12 months after intervention

Description: Positive and Negative Beliefs about Rumination scale (PBRS and NBRS)

Measure: Meta cognitions

Time: At baseline and 12 months after intervention

Measure: 5-HTTLPR+A>G polymorphic variation divided by the triallelic functional "high expressive" versus "low expressive" genotype will moderat the effect of ABM on residual symptoms compared to neutral ABM placebo condition

Time: Immediately after ABM intervention.

Measure: Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphic variation linked to Brian Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) variation will moderate the effect of ABM on residual symptoms compared to neutral ABM placebo condition

Time: Immediately after ABM intervention.

Measure: A serotonergic cumulative Genetic score, including (5-HHTLPR, HTR1A 8rs6295) and HTR 2A (rs 6311) polymorphisms will moderate the effects of ABM on residual symptoms compared to neutral placebo condition

Time: Immediately after ABM intervention.

Description: Beck Depression Inventory

Measure: Change in residual symptoms of depression. Self report

Time: One month after intervention, 6 months after intervention and 12 months after intervention

Description: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

Measure: Change in residual symptoms of depression. Clinical rating

Time: One month after intervention, 6 month after intervention and 12 month after intervention

Measure: Primary outcome measures will be modified by the degree of attentional change during the ABM intervention.

Time: Immediately after the ABM intervention

Measure: Primary outcome measures will be modified by executive functioning

Time: At baseline

46 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Measures of Plasticity and Excitatory/Inhibitory Ratio as Biomarkers for R-baclofen Effects in Normal Volunteers

Our overall objective is to apply Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to develop measures of human synaptic plasticity and of brain excitatory:inhibitory ratio (E:I ratio), which we propose as novel biomarkers and outcome measures that will expedite clinical trials of treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). One potential therapeutic agent, R-baclofen will be investigated under this protocol. TMS is a safe, inexpensive and noninvasive means to focally stimulate the human brain. Presently, TMS is in extensive use as a means to measure regional brain excitability, which is dependent on local synaptic strength. TMS can be used to temporarily alter synaptic strength as well as to acutely measure levels of cortical excitability and short and long interval inhibition. Since altered synaptic plasticity and an imbalanced inhibitory:excitatory ratio are cited as fundamental abnormalities in ASD, we hypothesize that both severity of ASD-related learning deficits and their improvement after therapy will correlate with TMS measures of synaptic plasticity and E:I ratio. We propose to embed TMS measures of synaptic plasticity and E:I ratio in a 'Proof of Principal' trial of R-baclofen and to examine: Aim 1: Whether R-baclofen (a potential therapeutic agent for ASD) predictably alters TMS measures of synaptic plasticity and E:I ratio as a function of plasma concentration in adult volunteers. We will test the following hypotheses: 1. R-baclofen produces a significant change in TMS measures of LTD and E:I ratio; and 2. R-baclofen plasma levels and TMS measures of LTD and E:I ratio show a predictable exposure-response relationship. Exploratory Aim 1: Whether the presence of genetic polymorphisms of the BDNF and GABA-B receptor genes has a moderating effect on TMS measures and on R-baclofen effects. We will test the following hypotheses: 1. Presence of the BDNF val66met allele will be associated with decreased long-term depression (LTD) of cortical excitability 2. Polymorphisms of GABA-B receptor genes will be associated with altered magnitude of response to R-baclofen as measured by TMS

NCT01172509
Conditions
  1. Autism
Interventions
  1. Drug: R-baclofen

We will test the following hypotheses: 1. Presence of the BDNF val66met allele will be associated with decreased long-term depression (LTD) of cortical excitability 2. Polymorphisms of GABA-B receptor genes will be associated with altered magnitude of response to R-baclofen as measured by TMS percent of baseline TMS-induced measures of (1) human synaptic plasticity (LTD). --- val66met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Synaptic plasticity or LTD will be measured using the MEP in response to stimulation set at 80% of the active motor threshold. This MEP will be measured at 90 minutes after study drug dose to establish baseline MEP amplitude then LTD will be induced with the cTBS procedure. The amount of LTD remaining at the different time points, post-cTBS will be quantified by measuring the MEPs and dividing it by the baseline MEP. This will yield a percent of baseline MEP at the various time points.

Measure: percent of baseline TMS-induced measures of (1) human synaptic plasticity (LTD)

Time: at 90 minutes after study drug dose

47 Combined Exposure Therapy and D-Cycloserine vs. Placebo for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This study proposes to evaluate the effects of D-cycloserine (DCS) combined with Virtual Reality exposure therapy in a sample of patients who developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following either the events of September 11, 2001, or military service in the war in Iraq. In addition, this study hopes to determine whether a common human genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF (Val66Met), predicts treatment response to PTSD. Overall, this study aims 1) to determine if subjects administered DCS show a significantly larger decrease in symptoms of PTSD as compared to those administered a placebo, 2) to determine if subjects administered DCS show a decrease in PTSD symptomatology significantly earlier (as measured by weeks) than those administered a placebo, 3) to determine if differences in symptomatology are evident at a 6-month follow-up and indicate long-term differences between groups, and 4) to determine if the BDNF SNP predicts treatment response.

NCT00632632
Conditions
  1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Interventions
  1. Drug: D-Cycloserine
  2. Other: Placebo
MeSH:Stress Disorders, Traumatic Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

In addition, this study hopes to determine whether a common human genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF (Val66Met), predicts treatment response to PTSD. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Total CAPS severity score range is 0-136. Higher values represent a worse outcome (i.e. greater severity of posttraumatic symptoms). CAPS consists of 3 subscales, which are combined to form a total severity score. Subscales: CAPS cluster B (reexperiencing symptoms, range 0-40) CAPS cluster C (avoidance and numbing symptoms, range 0-56) CAPS cluster D (hyperarousal symptoms, range 0-40)

Measure: Clinician Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS)

Time: Immediately following treatment

Description: Total CAPS severity score range is 0-136. Higher values represent a worse outcome (i.e. greater severity of posttraumatic symptoms). CAPS consists of 3 subscales, which are combined to form a total severity score. Subscales: CAPS cluster B (reexperiencing symptoms, range 0-40) CAPS cluster C (avoidance and numbing symptoms, range 0-56) CAPS cluster D (hyperarousal symptoms, range 0-40)

Measure: Clinician Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS)

Time: 6-months follow-up

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV - Major Depressive Disorder is a clinical interview to assess presence/absence of Major Depressive Disorder.

Measure: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV - Major Depressive Disorder (SCID-MDD)

Time: Immediately following treatment

48 Feasibility Testing a Randomized Controlled Trial of an Exercise Program to Improve Cognition for T2DM Patients

This proposed study will advance science by providing evidence on the feasibility of a standardized, rigorously designed and delivered exercise program to improve cognition and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels for individuals with type 2 diabetes. We will also explore how certain genetic variant may influence exercise-induced cognitive improvements and plasma BDNF levels. Findings of the proposed study will establish a comprehensive knowledge base for future research and development of a personalized exercise program for high-risk individuals who are vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction based on their genomic profiles.

NCT04590833
Conditions
  1. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Supervised walking on a treadmill
  2. Behavioral: Supervised stretching exercise
MeSH:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
HPO:Type II diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 The study will pilot-test a 3-month supervised exercise program to improve plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and domains of cognition that are mostly affected in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including memory, processing speed, and executive function, overall and according to genotypes of the BDNF Val66Met variant. --- Val66Met ---

One critical genetic variant that affects cognition in human is the BDNF Val66Met variant. --- Val66Met ---

However, the evidence on how the BDNF Val66Met variant influences cognitive outcomes following an aerobic exercise intervention among individuals with T2DM is currently lacking. --- Val66Met ---

An exploratory aim is to explore the influence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on cognitive outcomes and plasma BDNF levels in response to aerobic exercise intervention. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Picture Sequence Memory Test. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.77. Convergent validity and discriminant validity is 0.69 and -0.08, respectively.

Measure: Episodic memory

Time: Three months

Description: Dimensional Change Card Sort Test. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.88. Convergent validity and discriminant validity is -0.51 and 0.14, respectively.

Measure: Executive function

Time: Three months

Description: List Sorting Working Memory Test. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.77. Convergent validity and discriminant validity are 0.58 and 0.30, respectively.

Measure: Working memory

Time: Three months

Description: Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test. The test takes about 3 minutes to compete. Test-retest reliability of the test is 0.72. Convergent validity and discriminant validity is 0.49 and 0.12, respectively.

Measure: Processing speed

Time: Three months

Secondary Outcomes

Measure: Plasma BDNF in ng/mL

Time: Three months

Measure: Fasting blood glucose in mg/dL

Time: Three months

Measure: HbA1c in percentage

Time: Three months

Measure: Weight in kilograms

Time: Three months

Measure: Height in meters

Time: Three months

Description: weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2

Measure: BMI

Time: Three months

49 Improving Learning and School Functioning in Latino Children With Cancer

This randomized clinical trial studies how well a high-intensity intervention parenting program works in improving learning and school functioning in Latino children with acute leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma. A high-intensity intervention program may help doctors to see whether training parents or caregivers in specific parenting skills and "pro-learning" behaviors will result in better learning and school outcomes for Latino children with acute leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma. It is not yet known if a high-intensity intervention program is more beneficial than a standard of care lower intensity parenting intervention.

NCT03178617
Conditions
  1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
  2. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
  3. Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
  4. Acute Leukemia
Interventions
  1. Other: Educational Intervention
  2. Other: Educational Intervention
  3. Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment
  4. Other: Questionnaire Administration
MeSH:Lymphoma Leukemia Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
HPO:Leukemia Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Obtain preliminary data on the relationships between family stress and the Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with neurocognitive and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in Latino children treated with CNS-directed therapies for cancer. --- Val66Met ---

Primary Outcomes

Description: Measured by the parent-reported Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory school domain.

Measure: Change in child's health-related quality of life school functioning

Time: Baseline up to 12 months

Description: Measured by the Efficacy scale from the Parent Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors Questionnaire-3rd Revision (PBQ-R3).

Measure: Change in parental efficacy

Time: Baseline up to 12 months

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Measured by WIAT: reading and math scores and classroom grades from school report cards.

Measure: Objective academic performance (Child)

Time: Up to 12 months

Description: Measured by the Conners Parent Report Attention subscale.

Measure: Attention performance (Child)

Time: Up to 12 months

Description: Measured by PBQ-R3 Behaviors Scale.

Measure: Frequency of pro-learning behaviors (Parent)

Time: Up to 12 months

Description: Measured by the Parents' weekly time spent with child in pro-learning behaviors and activities.

Measure: Frequency of pro-learning behaviors (Parent)

Time: Up to 12 months

Description: Measured by PBQ-R3 Knowledge scale.

Measure: Knowledge of pro-learning parenting (Parent)

Time: Up to 12 months

Measure: Children's scores on other neurocognitive tests as assessed by learning, memory, and processing speed

Time: Up to 12 months

Measure: Parental reports of their children's HRQOL as measured by the PedsQL parent proxy questionnaire

Time: Up to 12 months


HPO Nodes


HP:0001268: Mental deterioration
Genes 500
SPG11 WDR45 NOTCH2NLC EEF1A2 ALDH18A1 ND6 TIMM8A TUBA4A TRNL1 TRNK VPS35 PNPLA6 TRNC SLC20A2 DRD3 NECAP1 ERCC6 HNRNPA2B1 CNKSR2 HFE GABRG2 APP RRM2B UCP2 TRNS2 NR4A2 GRN APP ATP13A2 MYORG TTR AARS2 DNM1 STXBP1 ITM2B ATXN10 ND1 KCNJ11 ARSA IRF6 ATXN8OS SYNJ1 C9ORF72 CSTB AARS1 ATP6 LRRK2 PSAP COMT PRDX1 GBA NDUFA6 PODXL VPS13C TBK1 PDGFRB SQSTM1 CYP27A1 TREX1 COX1 PMPCA TIMM8A TYROBP PRKAR1B HCN1 GNAS GCH1 ATN1 MTHFR CLTC VCP PSEN1 L1CAM GABRA5 PDGFB PTS ATP6V0A2 C9ORF72 SUMF1 UBQLN2 SLC1A2 PANK2 PSEN1 ATP6 SDHAF1 GABRB2 MAPT TRNW MAPT KMT2A TMEM106B NOTCH2NLC DNAJC5 SNCA MPO SCN1A NTRK2 CLN3 PDGFRB CDK19 TRNW RRM2B CST3 ATP6V1E1 GRN ITM2B MFSD8 CHMP2B SQSTM1 CHD2 GALC ROGDI HNF4A ADA2 ACTL6B MATR3 GALC PRDM8 SNCA RNF216 ERCC8 ATP1A3 KCNB1 CTC1 GBA PSAP FA2H SCARB2 ABCA7 YWHAG PSEN2 ADH1C VPS13A RNF216 APOE TRNS1 TRNH ABCD1 COX1 CSF1R COASY FMR1 TREM2 ATXN2 SCO2 ATXN2 ARSA FTL DCAF17 MATR3 DNM1L FBXO7 ND1 ATXN7 DAOA ND4 NRAS AP2M1 TRNF AUH MBTPS2 APP DALRD3 GRN PANK2 KCNA2 QDPR TRNQ APP TOMM40 PRNP HNF1A HTRA1 RBM28 TRNS1 PSEN1 A2M HTT SLC2A3 ERCC8 PLP1 BSCL2 DNMT1 HNRNPA2B1 MECP2 SLC44A1 NOTCH3 CHMP2B JAM2 TRNK TBK1 CYTB C9ORF72 TREM2 GABRA2 SUMF1 HMBS MMACHC ABCC8 NPC1 CUBN PSEN2 SYNGAP1 SNCB GBA CREBBP AP3B2 ZFYVE26 APP PPT1 TRNF VPS13C NPC2 NUS1 NHLRC1 VCP HTT IDUA TUBB4A FGF12 SQSTM1 EPM2A TRNS2 DNM1 TREM2 PLA2G6 CHCHD10 PSEN1 EPM2A TYROBP PINK1 SNORD118 TYMP VCP SLC13A5 PLAU SNCA C19ORF12 DNAJC6 CLN5 SNCA HLA-DQB1 SCN8A JPH3 C19ORF12 HTR2A PRKN ACTB APP CUX2 IDS SPG21 CHMP2B PPP2R2B CHI3L1 NDP DNAJC13 ARSA GALC SQSTM1 AP5Z1 PLP1 SORL1 FA2H MAPT CSTB SLC13A5 NHLRC1 SNCA DGUOK COL4A1 CHMP2B PSAP RBM28 TARDBP TTPA POLG PRNP CACNA1A MAPT MAPT GBA MAPT TRPM7 NDUFB8 CREBBP KCTD7 APOL4 ATP6V1A TMEM106B CFAP43 VPS13A PDGFRB RRM2B WWOX ATP13A2 SYNJ1 ATXN2 MAPT TARDBP FMR1 SPG11 ATP1A2 DISC2 CTNS SYNJ1 TBK1 TBP DCTN1 SDHB RNASEH1 ROGDI GBA2 SGPL1 GCDH SNCA ADA2 NOTCH3 XPR1 APOL2 CTSD ATP7B DARS2 MAPT EP300 ATP6V1A BSCL2 ARV1 PDE10A SYN2 HTRA2 SPAST SZT2 ND6 SPG21 LRRK2 ATP13A2 PDE11A PPP2R2B TK2 MMACHC DNMT1 GBE1 IDS LMNB1 SMC1A FTL OPA1 CACNA1B TRNQ C9ORF72 HEXB RAB39B CISD2 ERCC2 PLA2G6 MTHFR ALDH18A1 GBA MFN2 HEPACAM VCP COX2 SERPINI1 KCNC1 PARK7 GRN SYNJ1 COX3 EIF4G1 GRIN2D LRRK2 CLN6 CERS1 MCOLN1 NBN PRKCG MAPT TRNE RTN4R MAPT TIMMDC1 NDUFAF3 PRDM8 WFS1 PRNP FA2H PSEN1 SDHD ERCC6 GIGYF2 APTX DLAT UBTF PRNP CNTNAP2 GLUD2 HTT CSF1R PPP3CA TBP DMPK WDR45 PSAP PRICKLE1 PDGFB PRNP SURF1 GABRB3 APP HEXA PSEN1 TREX1 VCP GBA TWNK HGSNAT CYFIP2 KCNA2 TRNV TRAK1 MAPK10 UBA5 ATP13A2 DNMT1 COX2 FUS CHD2 NDUFS2 PARS2 HIBCH HTRA1 MAPT SCN1A CTSF ND5 CHMP2B DHDDS ATXN3 CLN6 VCP PLEKHG4 NAGLU GBA2 POLG TRNL1 TLR3 PRNP GRN GDAP2 HNRNPA1 LYST GBA SNCAIP ATN1 CLN8 TMEM106B GALC CP XPA ND5 ATXN7 HSD17B10 COL18A1 TBP COX6B1 MAPT PRNP TINF2 PSEN1 APOE TREM2 PINK1 UBAP1 TREM2 GM2A SCN3A GLB1 C9ORF72 WFS1 ASAH1 DCTN1 PRKAR1A PLA2G6 TREM2 MAPT NOS3 COX3 JPH3 RAB27A SLC6A1 ERCC4 PRNP PAH UCHL1 ABCD1 CHCHD10 ASAH1 CLN8 SDHA
Protein Mutations 3
K56M V158M V66M
HP:0000716: Depressivity
Genes 461
EZR TGIF1 ND6 PROK2 COL7A1 NODAL TOR1A CACNA1G VPS35 NSUN2 GTF2IRD1 SLC20A2 CHD7 COL7A1 TACR3 SHH ST3GAL3 ARVCF NR4A2 CEP85L RREB1 AARS2 GNA11 ATXN10 FMO3 TCF4 POLG ATXN8OS AIMP1 C9ORF72 LRRK2 PSAP FGF8 CYP27A1 DCTN1 GAS1 GBA TGFBR2 PODXL FOXH1 CLIP2 VPS13C TBK1 HIRA CC2D1A GP1BB GNAS PDGFRB VAPB ABCA7 MEN1 COX1 DLL1 HARS1 SEC24C SIX3 GABRG2 ELN PIK3CA PAH POLG GNAS TWNK GNRH1 THOC2 MBOAT7 VCP PMS2 FOXH1 SLC6A4 GABRG2 POLG PDGFB CBL CDON AP2S1 GAS1 MAPT TARDBP TRNW TMEM106B MATR3 TTC19 DNAJC5 TRNL1 BCS1L CBS FRRS1L KRAS JRK GLA CDON PDGFRB SHH DISP1 PRPH ZIC2 AMACR DISP1 SLC25A4 MAN1B1 DNA2 GBA GSN FOXH1 GNRHR TDGF1 KDM5B FAN1 ADH1C VPS13A XK CEP78 TRNS1 GLI2 FGF8 TRNH ATP13A2 NEFH CSF1R COASY FMR1 ATXN8 ATXN2 FGFR1 ARSA CLCN4 USP8 TRNS2 TBC1D7 ND1 ND4 HTR2A DISP1 PANK2 STAG2 CCNF GPR101 SIX3 TRNQ PRNP ZC3H14 DCPS CISD2 HTT HNMT SLC2A3 MSH6 USH1C DNMT1 VCP ZIC2 CACNA1H MSTO1 C9ORF72 KCNJ2 HMBS MSH2 MED23 FGF8 KCNT1 PER2 SHH USH2A USH1G DRD2 PTPN22 NODAL ERBB4 PPT1 PTCH1 DAO ZIC2 TRNF CDH23 THOC2 MED25 HTT DLL1 LINS1 WASHC4 TRNS2 TUSC3 TET3 PLA2G6 MYO7A CDON CHCHD10 PSEN1 EPM2A PINK1 ARSG EPHA4 CHCHD10 CHMP2B ANOS1 CDKN1B PDZD7 MAN2B1 PTCH1 SLC45A1 DNAJC6 GLI2 PER3 ATXN10 TAF15 ADGRV1 SNCA HLA-DQB1 SLC2A1 FGF8 C19ORF12 TSC2 PRKN OPTN POLG2 MAPK1 CARS1 POLG WDR11 PDCD1 FGFR1 PPP2R2B PCDH15 FLT4 TECR SGCE DNAJC13 COQ2 B3GALNT2 RPS20 GLE1 SQSTM1 SPRY4 CACNA1G FA2H CDKN2C NHLRC1 SNCA UNC13A DGUOK CPOX TBK1 CDH23 FGF14 PFN1 PRNP MAPT CLRN1 JMJD1C RSRC1 TBX1 FBXO31 PTS EPCAM PON2 TNIK TBL2 TBX1 PDGFRB ATRX TAC3 PANK2 TARDBP FMR1 EHMT1 PRNP CLIP1 RFC2 DCTN1 SARS1 TRAPPC9 FGF14 SNCA RRM2B LIMK1 KISS1 NOTCH3 XPR1 FIG4 TWNK SIX3 CRBN GLI2 SMPD1 HLA-DQB1 CRKL PMS1 CDKN2B HTRA2 SPAST HS6ST1 PDE11A C9ORF72 MST1 SLC18A2 FGFR1 RPS6KA3 WFS1 CDON DNMT1 SRSF2 LMNB1 PRSS12 GABRB3 EDC3 POLG TRNS1 ZIC2 CLCN4 KCTD17 GBA TK2 CFAP410 MLH1 VCP COX2 GABRA1 FOXH1 PARK7 SYNJ1 COX3 EIF4G1 PON1 HNRNPA1 LRRK2 IDUA FGF8 GRIK2 POLG PRKCG NDST1 TGIF1 DUSP6 ATXN2 RRM2B SMC1A WFS1 PRNP TDGF1 TSC1 STX16 GIGYF2 ATP1A3 PTCH1 ATP1A3 HMBS GLI2 ARMC5 KCTD17 SEMA4A GLUD2 GAS1 HTT TET2 TBP GAS1 ASXL1 DMPK CASR PDGFB PRNP CIB2 UFD1 COQ2 TGIF1 GLT8D1 TREX1 VCP ARMC5 GTF2I MECP2 TWNK KISS1R LMAN2L GRIN2A PTCH1 RUNX1 ANG PIGC NSMF GNAS TWNK TDGF1 ANXA11 SGCE GCH1 FUS AIP TGIF1 BMPR1A UBQLN2 CTSF OCRL PON3 CHMP2B METTL23 ESPN CLN6 TDGF1 TRNL2 IQSEC1 TRNL1 PRKACA PRNP C9ORF72 DLL1 GRN PGAP1 GDAP2 TRNN SHH MSTO1 SIX3 SNCAIP MLH3 ND5 SRPX2 STAG2 NEK1 WHRN TBP TREM2 GNAS MMP1 C12ORF4 FMN2 PPARGC1A SQSTM1 HLA-DRB1 PINK1 ATP7B TREM2 BCR TOR1A SOD1 C9ORF72 NODAL GNAS DCTN1 PRKAR1A AFG3L2 GPR35 BAZ1B DLL1 PLA2G6 CDKN1A MAN2B1 COMT CRADD PROKR2 MAPT FUS MYO7A JPH3 NODAL FGF17 PAH UCHL1 DISP1 ATXN8OS
HP:0011123: Inflammatory abnormality of the skin
Genes 508
PSMB4 ALOXE3 ABCA12 NFE2L2 COL7A1 NFKB2 TREX1 CACNA1G DHCR7 CASP8 COL7A1 CD247 TRAF6 KRT16 PSENEN SPINK5 IFNG KIT ARVCF EGFR LAMA3 HLA-C JAK3 ZNF341 RREB1 LMBRD1 GJC2 NLRP3 HPGD GNA11 BTK BTNL2 PEPD PIK3CD TGM1 HLA-DPA1 RAC1 KRT10 GJB6 ZAP70 H6PD KRT1 MRTFA ABCA12 CYP4F22 TRAF3IP2 WAS NLRP3 GJB2 CYBC1 TGM1 RAG1 TARS1 SMARCA2 TTC7A CLEC7A HIRA FLI1 GP1BB MORC2 BRAF TGM1 FERMT3 SEC24C EXTL3 MCCC2 IL36RN PAH PIGA HLCS CYBA HLA-DPB1 NLRP12 SIK3 HPGD FOXP3 SLC30A2 ABCA12 AP3B1 LIPN CD28 CASP10 CARD14 TCF3 LMBRD1 IL17RA NOD2 LACC1 SHOC2 IL10RA WNT4 IL7 TGM5 CTLA4 ADAMTS3 PAPSS2 DOCK8 HLA-B KRT14 PCCA LIG4 BLM PLA2G7 RNU4ATAC KNSTRN KDF1 GJC2 KIT SMARCAD1 ZNF750 TNFRSF1B PTPN22 ERCC2 IL7R KRT10 FECH CHST14 CIITA KIT STX11 MEFV LIG4 DNAJC21 IL2RA ALOXE3 ENPP1 ACADVL IKBKG PRTN3 SP110 TKT RFX5 EPB42 MEFV NOD2 NOD2 GJA1 FCGR2B RAG1 MVK CTLA4 TREX1 ZAP70 ECM1 MSMO1 SMARCC2 ALOX12B IFIH1 CCBE1 TFRC NFKB1 GJB4 TAF1 NLRP3 USP8 BTD DOCK8 LACC1 TCIRG1 CDK10 STING1 FLI1 ESR1 EDA STAT1 AIRE SRP54 MBTPS2 GATA3 MYD88 RMRP HLA-DRB1 GPR101 C4A DNAJC21 AP1B1 BTK PDGFRA CYP4F22 HPGD RAC1 MEFV CCBE1 RBCK1 ADA RNASEH2B PRMT7 PSMB9 CTSC TNFAIP3 PRF1 SLC4A1 STAT1 MBTPS2 MIF TGM1 SPP1 MYD88 LBR NCF2 IL17F FOXP3 TMC6 CSTA FGFR2 IRF2BP2 CTLA4 SDHA RBP4 RAG1 SMARCA2 KANSL1 SBDS CARD14 RFXAP GJB2 IL6ST PTPN22 ACP5 XIAP ESR1 TTC7A UROS RNASEH2A IL2RG SPTB POLR3A BTK KRT5 DNASE1L3 KRT1 FLT4 TP63 LRRC8A IL12A-AS1 SCNN1B LPIN2 C5 EPG5 LBR MS4A2 ANK1 CTLA4 IL12A GFI1 KANSL1 TP63 NIPAL4 IL17RC POMP MYSM1 SLCO2A1 DSE SDHB TMC8 LYZ NLRP3 CHD7 DSG1 NSUN2 FERMT1 NCF4 B2M SRP54 HLCS WIPF1 LYST MEIS2 SLC39A4 GATA1 EBP POLE MNX1 CDH23 ITGB4 SLC29A3 VEGFC TRPM4 TNFRSF1A DDX41 RAG2 JAK1 PGM3 SULT2B1 JMJD1C SDR9C7 MSN NIPAL4 HYOU1 TBX1 MYSM1 IL10 TBX1 GINS1 NCF4 IL4R COX4I2 RFXANK WIPF1 KRT1 NCF2 TNFRSF1B MPLKIP FOXP1 PSTPIP1 AGA LAMC2 RAG2 FECH RNASEH2C IL17F NCSTN DCLRE1C WAS PEPD IL6 NCF1 CD3D ERCC3 ERCC4 PSMB8 IL7R CTSC STAT3 SH3PXD2B STAT4 SPTA1 IL17RA SAMHD1 IGLL1 PSEN1 COL7A1 SLC6A19 CERS3 NSUN2 TRAF3IP2 TBX1 RNF113A IGHM CD79A PIK3R1 PIK3CA KRT10 FAM111B KDSR SCNN1G ADAM17 CD79B LRRC32 KRT17 BCL11B IVNS1ABP HLA-DRB1 CYBB KRT5 ERCC2 CD3E PTPRC IL23R SRD5A3 TEK FLG SPINK5 CYBA CARD11 CD3G LSS TREX1 CYBB IL10RB LPIN2 STAT3 CLEC7A ITGA6 PGM3 MBL2 STAT3 RTTN SREBF1 HDAC4 CARD9 RFX5 CHST14 DCLRE1C TLR4 MPDU1 NCF1 CYBC1 FGA SUOX IL2RG MEFV GJB3 EGFR OTULIN WAS CASR WNT4 CD247 CFI SAMHD1 UFD1 NSMCE3 RFXAP TREX1 CARMIL2 ABCC6 TNFRSF1A MEFV SHANK3 STAT4 IL6R LAMB3 GTF2H5 APOA1 GJB2 IL1RN IRAK1 KANSL1 GTF2H5 IFIH1 FAT4 RIPK1 RNASEH2C CIITA CCR1 KIF11 ALOX12B UBAC2 UBE2A RNU4ATAC AIP XYLT1 PNPLA1 RBM8A FAS NLRC4 HLA-DQB1 NEK9 HSPA9 PCCB MTHFD1 CTLA4 PSTPIP1 KRT1 EDARADD TGFB1 NR3C1 ERAP1 WDR1 CD28 PRKACA ADA2 CIB1 LYST TBCK ADAR POR ELANE STAT5B MBTPS2 PNPLA1 RFXANK EFL1 KLRC4 FOXC2 DNASE1 MMP1 KRT9 RRAS2 HLA-DRB1 AIRE LIG4 NFKB2 AK2 DCLRE1C NAXD SCNN1A LHCGR HSD3B2 LRBA ELANE GTF2E2 SH3PXD2B COMT EDAR FOXN1 BLNK IL2RG IL7R ERCC3 NIPAL4 ERCC2 RAG2 AP1S3 SDHC ADA FCGR2A AUTS2 PAH ERCC5 CTSB BTNL2 ADAM17 KDF1 HLA-B BTD MVK
Protein Mutations 4
G2545R H2507Q T454A V66M
SNP 1
rs6265
HP:0001635: Congestive heart failure
Genes 264
TLL1 DSP PLN SLC25A26 BSCL2 DSP NDUFB11 ACTC1 RET TRNL1 JUP CAV1 TRNK SGCD ACTC1 KCNJ5 GTF2IRD1 TRNC FXN WRN HBA2 TTN CAVIN1 VHL ATP6V1A PPA2 FGFR3 MYH7 TRNS2 EYA4 PLOD1 LMNA BMP2 KIF1B SLC2A10 NDUFB8 GNA11 CACNA1S ND1 HADHA TCF4 GAA TRNK VCL GATA6 TBL2 MYL3 PLOD1 ABCC6 GNPTAB SDHD STRADA PNPLA2 ENG LMNA CLIP2 RFC2 TAZ TPI1 COL1A2 BAG3 LIMK1 DSP GTPBP3 DES IRF5 NDUFAF1 ELN SELENON PSMB8 HJV MYD88 MYH6 AGGF1 EYA4 ATP5F1A TET2 ND6 HFE DMD MST1 MAPRE2 DLST DNMT3A TNNI3K TUBB TNNT2 EFEMP2 TRIP4 DNAJC19 XYLT1 TRNQ SDHB GDNF ADCY5 EPAS1 GDF2 PRKAG2 PSEN2 CCR6 AFF4 COL1A1 CDH23 CITED2 ENPP1 RAB3GAP2 BCHE FLNC GLA SF3B1 TRNW HADHA DES IFIH1 MECP2 TMEM70 GATAD1 ACAD9 HBB ACVRL1 HADHB MTTP RASA1 TMEM127 FGF23 NF1 PRDM16 SDHAF2 PRKAR1A FGD1 LMNA NDUFAF3 TNNI3 RBM20 VHL IKBKG VPS33A XYLT2 MYH6 SDHD TRPM4 GLB1 ALMS1 SDHD COX1 TPM1 AGPAT2 SCN5A CLIC2 SCO2 LMNA CAV1 SDHA LMNA HAMP RYR1 CASR MYH7 TRIM37 KIF1B LMNA PTEN SURF1 ACTN2 MYH7 RET LMNA ATXN7 LMNA SLC19A2 GTF2I RPS19 MYH7 TRNF STAT1 GTPBP3 PPARG TRNV TMEM127 LDB3 MAX TBX20 TRNS1 COX2 MDH2 SCO1 MYLK2 GJA1 HFE NDUFS2 GK TTN ELAC2 HNRNPA2B1 IDS TBX20 TRNE MAX NSMCE2 ACAD9 TRNK CYTB GATA4 ND5 GLA ADCY5 HBA1 HADHB SNAP29 MYH7 NKX2-5 SLC22A5 SDHC HBB CITED2 HLA-DRB1 HNRNPA1 ABCC6 SDHB SLC25A3 ALMS1 CP VCP SCN4A HBB FH FBN1 DTNA FOS PRKAR1A TF SDHB COG7 VHL TLL1 PPARG FLNA ENG PSEN1 CCN2 MYPN GPR35 BAZ1B JUP EPG5 SLC25A11 RET CLIC2 COX3 FBLN5 SLC17A5 CAV3 NKX2-5 CEP19 TMEM43 PEX7 SMAD4 PHYH CYTB SCN1B MYSM1 ADAMTSL2 PRKAR1A TRNL1
HP:0001626: Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
Genes 4425
MERTK SLC25A26 TRNK MTHFR ALDH18A1 SCN9A B3GLCT GNPTAB MITF GJB4 NDUFS4 MEGF8 SCYL1 TREX1 SLFN14 LMNA DOLK SDHA RANGRF SCNN1G CD247 EFTUD2 KRT16 SLC25A4 NTRK1 ATP6V1A CTNND2 ARVCF SIX3 ND1 WDR11 ANTXR1 CTSB NBEAL2 RREB1 TOPORS NOS1AP RRM2B CAV3 LETM1 GNA11 KIF3B IFT172 NPHP3 COG4 ELMO2 ANTXR1 PEX11B DNAH11 KRT2 APOB RPS6KA3 PRKAG2 GJB6 CDSN ZAP70 HRAS ZIC3 NKX2-5 BUB1B FLRT3 NXN RAF1 NKX2-6 KCTD1 TTC7A SPATA5 DNAH1 BRIP1 FGA SGO1 VPS13B TKFC CRYAB CNBP SEC24C CDK8 TULP1 MYH6 B3GALT6 TWNK PLEC SLC37A4 PIGA TSC1 ATRX FOXF1 FOXC1 WAC GNS TERC MPL THSD1 EVC2 DLST CRB2 FLNB ATP6V0A2 TPM2 AK2 ACTN4 SPAG1 RTL1 ITGA8 EFEMP2 C8ORF37 IL7 KRAS ECE1 XYLT1 VPS45 SLC25A24 POMT2 TPM2 CCR6 KCNE1 PLAGL1 AHI1 SNTA1 PALB2 FOXP1 KDSR RELN CAV1 ARL3 MYF6 IGF2 COL3A1 CBL ATP6V1E1 COL5A1 ACD PPP1R15B ACVRL1 AMMECR1 HNF4A ADA2 CDKN2B ERCC8 SBDS SOX3 FANCL NDUFB11 CPLX1 PRKAR1A LYST PRPH2 SLC18A2 RINT1 COX10 SLC2A1 VPS33A LDB3 XK TTN NKX2-5 GJA1 NGLY1 GLI2 ODAD4 MYH11 MAF FLI1 SMG9 SDHA AGPAT2 CAV1 MKS1 TAF2 LRRC6 COL11A2 HOXA13 CASK CCBE1 SMPD1 BTD KCNMB1 TDGF1 PIK3CA WDPCP LACC1 KCNJ2 ND4 RPS19 CHRNA7 IGF2 KAT6A AIRE DISP1 MYD88 DHDDS GNAI3 DOCK6 KRAS IRF8 ERMARD BAP1 APP RPE65 SLURP1 CALR FN1 SLC19A3 ALX4 TSPYL1 PEX13 SLC39A4 NDUFB11 TTN FOXC1 RBCK1 HNRNPA2B1 TRPM4 ZIC2 WDFY3 KYNU PSMB9 CD2AP APOE SMAD4 ITGB3 TRNK KCNQ1 SNX10 KCNJ2 HMBS FKBP14 FGF8 BRAF SC5D SHH ALOXE3 FAS SCARB2 HACD1 CREBBP CITED2 MMP2 HADH NEXN NODAL ABCC6 PORCN CEP57 PIK3R2 RAD21 SCYL1 VCP KCNE2 USH2A TCTN3 PTPN22 ESR1 TRNS2 CDON TIMMDC1 C1R STRA6 IL10 DLD SCNN1A DNM2 SOS1 CDKN1C TGM1 TNNC1 LPIN2 CCN2 MAP3K7 HLA-DRB1 FRG1 TSC2 PPP2R5D GLI2 SLC2A1 EYS FDFT1 IFNG ANK1 SYNE2 ARL6 IRF6 TAB2 PCSK9 TP63 CARS1 HABP2 MYSM1 ERGIC1 ALOX12B DYNC2H1 DSG1 NSUN2 FLT4 FERMT1 DNAL1 CRYAB PPARG GNB5 TRNE TSFM MEIS2 DYNC2LI1 TRNL1 NT5E EWSR1 POU6F2 CSGALNACT1 ELN PRCD FBN2 KAT6B PLCG2 THBD PEX5 SLC2A10 SPOP GBA CYP17A1 SHANK3 SGCG TRNK PNP ACTA1 AGTR1 FERMT1 SIM1 GNA11 DGCR2 NCF4 ODAD2 FMR1 CYTB HCCS GBA SNIP1 DNAI1 LMNA PSMD12 NBEAL2 MKKS LMNA WAS DMD NDUFA10 ITGA3 HESX1 PIGL SDHAF1 POMK MKS1 CYP11B2 ATAD3A IL2RB CACNA1S GLI2 RNU4ATAC NEU1 TASP1 PMS1 RNASEH2A FAH BRCA2 ODAD3 FKTN FHL1 IL17RA C2CD3 CALM2 MCTP2 PDE11A IGLL1 ODAD3 ATN1 TPM3 MYOT SMOC1 PUF60 SOX10 RYR1 NDUFAF6 TRIP4 IQSEC2 GATB ADAM17 SDHB GLMN LRRC32 TMEM216 NLRP3 CISD2 BAP1 MED12 CYBB COL1A1 STAC3 BSCL2 PTPRC VWF CHST3 FOXH1 NDUFA2 TNNI3 YWHAE SNX10 COX3 COG8 LRRK2 FBP1 TMTC3 GNPTAB CTSK TREX1 XPR1 HADHB ZFPM2 SCNN1A PCARE STRA6 NDUFAF2 IL17RD RBM20 FANCB GLI2 CLCNKB CCDC141 RPGRIP1L PHKG2 F7 RPL10 COL4A1 WDR26 HMBS EGFR ABCC8 PLAGL1 BCR NDUFAF2 CCDC22 SAMD9 DMPK ERCC5 SCN5A USP18 HYMAI C1QBP PRRX1 SLC29A3 ARMC5 PLAG1 COLGALT1 KAT6B MEFV DNAAF2 ITGA2B KDM3B GJB2 NFKB1 IL1RN EED IRAK1 FHL1 TGFBR1 REN ABCB4 COL4A2 MDH2 CALM1 UBE2A SP110 PIK3CD SRD5A3 ENG MAX ATP6 NSDHL HSPA9 PROK2 SETD2 CTLA4 SMARCD1 SOX2 ND5 PQBP1 TELO2 F10 DZIP1L JAG1 GATA6 JAM2 MYH7 KRT14 ALB PEX5 TTC8 ADA2 BPGM RIPK4 FRG1 CIB1 KCNH2 CHCHD2 TSR2 POLR1A WNT5A TET2 RGR SOX9 TGFB3 TMEM67 BMP2 CEP41 GYPC ZNF462 GPC4 FBN1 DDRGK1 COX6B1 RBM10 CFAP410 FGFR2 GDF6 TF MAP3K1 ATP2C1 BMPR1A BBS12 DPM1 MDM2 PARN RHOH NFKB2 RFWD3 VHL H19 TBX1 LIAS MOG TLL1 PPARG DCLRE1C NAXD ABL1 CFHR1 SELENOI GNAS NRL KCNE3 NHP2 CYP11B2 TGFBR3 KRAS NTNG1 OSTM1 SLC17A5 SDHB ABCG8 COL5A2 NODAL F13B SDHC TNFRSF11B IVD F9 IRX5 GDF2 PSMB4 PCNA PIGU SAMHD1 NXN DSP ANTXR1 UBR1 FGFR2 PEX6 NKX2-5 COL3A1 TRNL1 ARHGAP31 MS4A1 NODAL USB1 BBIP1 F13B CASP8 CAVIN1 CYP11B2 ASXL1 IFNG FGFR1 ARX PLAU PROC RLIM DTNBP1 ZNF408 SFTPA1 TRNS2 ITPA JAK3 BMP2 BAP1 NBAS FZD2 ATP6V1E1 BTK ATM CACNA1S HADHA MCIDAS NOS3 NODAL PTEN ZMYND10 NFIA ACTA1 PSAT1 SYNE1 BCOR ABCC9 CYLD CD81 COL3A1 GJA8 FGF8 RPGR SCN3B COX3 RPGRIP1 CPLANE1 CYBC1 FANCD2 FGFR2 RAG1 CRLF1 SMARCA2 NPHP1 MYT1L ACE CLEC7A GLI3 CYP27A1 FRAS1 NFU1 PMM2 PAFAH1B1 ZMPSTE24 CEP41 DLL1 FERMT3 CCNQ PTEN EYA4 NPHP1 KCNN4 PRDM5 HFE MPL SIK3 SLC40A1 TERC RPL27 SEC23B TRPV3 PPOX TCF3 SUMF1 SDHAF1 COL1A1 STAT5B SUFU CREBBP SOX9 STK36 BBS4 SLC7A7 GJA1 ADD1 DOCK6 CD46 DIS3L2 MFAP5 KNSTRN ARX TNNT2 SF3B1 KMT2E INPP5E BANF1 GYG1 ARHGAP31 ZFPM2 RMND1 ZIC2 G6PC3 NDUFB10 DNAJC21 PEX26 XYLT1 ERF PEX19 ENPP1 MED25 NCAPG2 FOXH1 HJV SEMA3E AIP IKBKG IQCB1 MRPL3 SP110 NAGA MED13 LIG4 NDP HPSE2 TRPM4 FZD4 FLNB FCGR2B LHX4 INPP5E KATNIP TRIP11 TTC8 PSAP TREX1 ND2 ND5 IDH2 BRCA1 RPS6KA3 FHL1 USP8 SLC25A11 MASP1 LMNA LMNA WDR37 TRPM4 PEX3 TRNF OTC FADD OTC TMEM126A MTAP PPARG TRNQ KIAA0586 ZMPSTE24 RAI1 ELN KPTN LBR KDM6B SON AGXT TRNS1 PDCD10 CYP7B1 TRDN DMXL2 SPATA7 NPHP3 TRAPPC11 ELN PTCH2 MAP1B TGFB2 ARHGEF18 JAK2 SUMF1 GUSB ADCY5 IFNGR1 DHCR7 GUSB KITLG HADHB BVES C12ORF57 SDHB GBA MPIG6B FOXP3 RAC2 STIM1 KRT83 RPL35A AKT1 MYH6 ZFPM2 GJB6 CHST3 KANSL1 PURA SATB2 PITX2 COL4A1 FN1 GLRX5 ADAMTS10 CDK4 AFF4 ZFP57 ERCC1 SCARF2 PCNT PRPF8 NPHP4 LRRC8A RPL26 RMRP ACTG1 TTN OTUD6B KDM6A ECHS1 KCNQ1 ATP5F1E CTCF TGDS CNGB3 TMEM107 GAS8 POLG DNAAF2 SCNN1A ACTA1 MTM1 FLNA POMP HABP2 MTTP TRNL1 FGFR1 TGFBR2 FKRP OTX2 PTPN22 CFI LRP2 PHF21A ZIC2 EOGT RNF6 PLIN1 INSR WRN KRT5 PIGN NDUFA10 FKBP14 WWOX PPA2 LDLR GATA4 GATA6 TBX1 ENG POLH NSMF ARID1A KCNK3 NSD1 F5 KCNN3 REEP6 NKX2-5 CREBBP KIT ZFPM2 CDH23 PDE6D ATP6V1A TMEM231 MTFMT PROS1 XYLT2 EPCAM KCNQ1 P2RY12 IL10 PDGFRB SLC4A1 LRP6 NDUFS8 GCK SDHD DCAF8 STRADA PNPLA2 NDUFB11 DDRGK1 FUCA1 RNASEH1 RNASEH2C ND4 NF1 AKAP9 NOTCH3 FLNC DNAAF5 PEX5 PDHA1 SMARCE1 ERCC4 MYH9 CCDC22 COL1A2 STAT3 CCND1 TMPO ND6 IMPG2 CALM1 CCDC8 TGIF1 NEUROD2 DNAH5 ABCA4 TRAF3IP2 ARFGEF2 TBX1 KISS1R SSR4 ALG8 DDX3X TRNS1 KDSR HAAO RIN2 TUB MKKS RSPO2 DNMT3A ETV6 GNB3 HK1 AFF4 GBA RAB3GAP2 PPCS FGB IL23R DVL1 F8 FBXW11 APOA2 CYBA RAI1 MYH11 CITED2 PEX12 TFAP2B HADH SCN9A FGF8 CASR POLE LOXL1 ICOS FADD AMMECR1 SCN5A LMNA TNNI3 CDON PDE6G SDHD MANBA PIGT TDGF1 DYSF CCDC40 ALMS1 FGA ANO5 PARS2 RPGRIP1L TERT GJB3 CDIN1 KCNE1 FOXH1 SOS1 NRAS CACNA1D WAS CASR DHODH F2 PNPLA2 EHMT1 NF2 TCIRG1 DYRK1A NDUFS1 FAS MYH7 TOP3A SAMHD1 WDR35 NSMCE3 PTEN TGIF1 G6PC1 CCDC28B KRAS GTF2I TNFRSF1A FBN2 TWNK HGSNAT GNAQ PRDM6 APOA1 DSC2 SRD5A3 IFIH1 FTO KCNJ11 GNAS AMER1 SETD5 LIPC COX2 MINPP1 NFIX RNU4ATAC OFD1 RASA1 AIP COL6A3 WDR35 FAS ACVR2B RNF135 CDH2 SFTPA2 MKS1 UPF3B ANTXR2 PRF1 KRT1 AARS2 TSHR TRNT1 SCN5A GATA1 NRAS GREB1L ERAP1 RAB27A SCN10A MC4R PACS1 PRKACA GLI3 LYST GBA GATA4 TKT TBX4 MYMK COL4A4 SCN2B CEP290 KLRC4 SCAPER MMP1 KRT9 F13A1 VIPAS39 PRPF31 PIGN HLA-DRB1 AIPL1 MPL ADAMTS2 TMEM237 CD55 MVK NKX2-1 DLK1 TPI1 APOE GNAO1 WT1 ELANE GTF2E2 PKP2 ABCC9 GPR35 CIITA TRAPPC4 MED12 CDKN1A CLCC1 CRPPA GJB3 MEIS2 RAF1 MIPEP PEX1 COX3 COX7B NEBL SH2B3 ERCC3 ERCC2 KCNAB2 TAB2 CTNS SETX ANGPTL6 CD19 TRIO STK4 POLH ERCC5 GALNS POMT2 NFKBIL1 ADAM17 TET2 NAA10 SF3B1 SLC26A3 GFI1B KMT2D ABCA12 LRP5 UBR1 PEX3 FEZF1 COL7A1 HSPG2 TRPM4 TRNK NDUFAF4 C12ORF57 MYBPC3 GTF2IRD1 CAVIN1 KRAS PIGY VWF TGFBR2 SPINK5 RASA2 APC PHGDH SLC25A24 NGLY1 LARP7 STAG1 RYR2 CCND2 FANCM UCP2 RPL10 CDKN2A DSG2 ANO10 NELFA NLRP3 KCNJ11 PIK3C2A GLI1 CTCF KCNQ1 LRP5 TCF4 CFHR3 POLG TBX5 SHPK HLA-DPA1 TMEM43 SETBP1 LMNA RIT1 SVBP CEP164 AKAP9 ATP6 FKRP CYP27A1 CACNB2 WAS SDHA NF1 LAMB2 BAG3 RARA ACTL6B TREX1 ABCC6 COL11A1 HSPG2 KCND3 CNGA3 IL36RN SLC19A2 CYP1B1 COL3A1 CD96 CYBA ERCC8 TET2 GLIS3 DLD TERT PEX2 FOXH1 SURF1 ATOH7 GFI1B HRAS CASP10 TSC1 TNPO3 NIPBL PITX2 WDR19 GAS1 MYCN TXNRD2 IL10RA ATP7A MYH9 ACTA2 TRNW GDNF CTLA4 PDE4D SPTB ADAMTS3 GLB1 SGCD ERCC3 F7 HLA-B COL5A1 CBS SNCA FGFR2 LIG4 RNU4ATAC CLN3 GNE AKR1D1 ADA2 KCNJ1 FGFR1 CFI ERCC2 DISP1 FKTN ATP6AP2 NLRP3 FGFR2 COQ2 SPECC1L ARL6IP6 FAH ND5 NR0B1 LIG4 MAP3K20 POMT1 FOXE3 PDGFB GYS1 SDHAF2 SLC26A2 FAS PRKAR1A SERPINC1 RLBP1 TCIRG1 CALR PIK3R1 LIFR KCNQ1 SDHD ZNF687 SLC35A2 FGF8 CCDC40 CTLA4 SCN5A HBA2 ARSA DCAF17 CFTR SCNN1G ESCO2 GJB4 ITGA2B KIF1B BEST1 RP2 GATA6 BBS9 ARNT2 KCNJ18 HTRA2 SPRY2 STAT1 GTPBP3 FGF8 SCNN1A SNRPN MYOC GPR101 ATP5MK HNF1A MAX LRIG2 LONP1 PLEC CXCR4 ERCC8 COQ9 PTDSS1 SLMAP STIM1 CCND1 KCNQ1OT1 AHCY ATPAF2 FANCC POLR3A SKIV2L PADI4 CYTB MAF TERT SFTPC FOXJ1 NPC1 AICDA FANCI CALM3 NDUFS2 EDA LDLRAP1 TFAP2B CALM3 PEX6 CFAP298 CSTA SELENON TRIM28 ZIC2 KLHL7 NPC2 TBX22 ALMS1 GPD1L FGF8 ELN SBDS CERKL CYP11A1 KDM6A LAMP2 B9D1 MAFB DTNA NDUFS2 PEX14 LEMD3 GJA1 FGF20 SGCB MMEL1 DNASE1L3 TGFB3 CCDC141 FANCA LIPN FLT4 MYH7 RDH5 SCNN1B FBXW11 MAN2B1 SCN5A LTBP3 PTCH1 MGME1 EPG5 NKX2-5 GAS2L2 PPP1CB F13A1 PDE6H HIC1 CBL CWC27 PDE3A FLNA CHRM3 POLG2 JPH2 IRF5 IL17RC GNAQ SMARCA4 APP PIGM HPS5 TMC8 COL4A5 LYZ NFIX RTEL1 PRKG1 PLN ATAD3A MPI BRAF IFT172 FMR1 ALG14 PAH WRN TGFB1 RBM8A NDUFB9 SFTPA2 CDH23 FGFR3 RET NR2F2 JMJD1C TNNC1 SLC30A10 GLI2 BUB1 GMPPB NRXN1 COQ7 OCLN VCL TMEM237 TFAP2B TBX1 WDR19 RRM2B COX4I2 KAT6B FLNA DNAI1 HCCS NOTCH1 IFT140 FOXA2 MPLKIP PROS1 LZTR1 SOS2 NDUFS2 CACNA1H TPI1 FECH CYP11B1 GNA14 MADD GCDH PEPD MYT1L MYO18B GTPBP3 SDHA IDH1 CDKN2A SCN4B SOX10 FBLN5 YY1AP1 CDKL5 RPS10 TANGO2 NPPA GAA AKAP9 NDUFS2 PIGO MAP3K7 LMNA MEOX1 KRAS TMEM216 RBBP8 KLF1 SCN1B BPTF SMARCB1 SOX10 BRCA2 SPTB ANK2 RNF113A BRAF MBTPS2 RAF1 COL6A1 FASLG TNNT2 CCDC39 DNAJC19 PYCR1 SMN1 EYS TNXB CFH DEAF1 LMNA PSMD12 TK2 INTU ATP6AP1 PEX6 POGZ STAT3 PLG CHRNA1 ACTN2 NEK9 ESCO2 LONP1 TGFBR1 ACAD9 CDH2 POLG TMEM127 LPIN2 KYNU PRDM16 SETBP1 SNRNP200 CFH UVSSA UBE3A MYH7 PRRX1 CPLANE1 TBX20 SFTPC SLX4 CARD9 ARL2BP RECQL4 LEMD3 TNNI3 RPL10 FGFR2 FHL2 GABRD IRF2BP2 EHMT1 NEK10 ABCG5 MYH7 RPL5 CRYAB MKS1 DOCK3 NODAL ABCC9 TFAP2A RPS24 VPS33B RPL35A FGFR2 SGCA RET COQ2 ARL13B IDH3B MGME1 ASAH1 NOTCH2 UBE2T CENPE CHRNG ATRX SNTA1 PRPF3 ERCC6 HBB MED13L KCNQ1 MRE11 JAG1 RECQL4 RPL27 DNAJC19 TDGF1 TALDO1 RNF213 RAI1 HFE NDUFS2 NR2E3 PCARE MAK PHKA2 LAT STXBP1 ZEB2 KDM5B PIGO MAP2K1 PIBF1 PAX6 ERCC4 SOX18 ERBB3 SIX3 ROR2 ND4 BMPR2 CENPF PEX16 PDX1 DUX4 PEX19 FLNA DIS3L2 DLL1 CDON SHH TPM3 CPT2 H19-ICR TBCK MTRR BMPR1A MYL2 HBA2 JAK2 FOXC1 TBL1XR1 GDAP1 RAD51C CACNA1C RRAS2 PRPF6 LIG4 AGK DNAAF6 PIGS RNF125 BIN1 NR3C2 FANCA PRKAR1A GDNF MYPN NOTCH3 IGF2 RUNX1 PRKCD BLNK KRT1 PRPF3 FCGR2C KAT6A FBLN5 ABCC9 GCLC WDPCP IRF5 WT1 LIPA RAB27A KIT TMEM43 ADA AUTS2 CYTB SALL1 SERPING1 CYP24A1 TGIF1 ASCC1 DNAH1 CSRP3 GNE CST3 IGH FAT4 JAK2 PSEN1 G6PD ACADS MYH11 TMEM43 INSR ERCC6 PQBP1 ARID1B ARL3 PDE6A SH2B3 PPOX TP63 SHH PLOD1 AKT1 TTR COPA PEPD SRY SCNN1B FBN1 SNRPB RBP3 GAA CALM2 GATA6 DYNC2I1 CASR ZNF423 RAD51C GALE SDHB HPS3 REST TGFBR2 SCNN1B TAZ PKD1 TPM1 PRKACG HIRA ACTG1 DRC1 SVBP GPC6 GDF1 HOXA1 BAP1 COX1 CSPP1 ELN MGMT ARSB PEX6 RPL11 PET100 RIPK1 CASQ2 ACTB MSX2 ND2 FOXP3 USP9X ND4 SOX4 SLC39A13 PKHD1 CHKB COLQ TTR SPEG RPL11 GLRX5 PAM16 NOTCH2NLC TET2 SCN5A AKT3 PTPN11 MEOX1 RP9 F2 ENPP1 RHO POLR1D TDGF1 TNFRSF13C GLA SELENON HSD17B10 RPL15 TULP1 NF1 ADGRE2 FGB MED13L GATA5 AGL DDC TRMU BACH2 DLX5 ZNF513 IL12RB1 SH2D1A KRAS SLC25A4 SCN5A NDUFA11 GSN CAP2 ALDH18A1 SMAD6 VPS13A EXT2 ITGA2B SLC4A1 FRAS1 NDUFA12 MFAP5 CYSLTR2 CEP55 AGXT FGF17 CLDN1 PDE8B MAGT1 FGFR1 IFNGR1 DES SMAD4 ZNF469 ND1 DOCK8 KMT2D SOS2 SLC19A2 ND5 LAMA4 CTNNA3 FOXRED1 LIPA MICOS13 CSPP1 ACAT1 RORC STING1 DCHS1 GATA3 MEGF8 HLA-DRB1 ZEB2 ARID2 CHN1 PIK3R2 RPL18 STN1 HTRA1 AP1B1 PCCA EXT1 CCND1 CYLD PDGFRA RAC1 KIF15 TBX20 FIG4 SLC20A2 BIN1 LIPA ODAD2 FLNA TRAF3IP1 SMO SLC4A1 PDHA1 DNAH9 TMEM231 GLA SCNN1G NOS3 MBTPS2 EVC NSD2 HS6ST1 DPF2 ITGA2 MAN2B1 PIK3CA LRP5 PKD1 KIF1B APP TNNT2 TNFSF15 PTCH1 LRP5 RBP4 MMP2 LMNA NLRP3 CHD4 LRRC56 FGG ABCC9 CYP11A1 RNASEH2A CIZ1 TNFSF4 ODC1 POLR3A AGPAT2 TWIST1 MMP1 NDUFA4 ND1 IDUA COG4 TP63 PAFAH1B1 PTCH1 PEX7 LCAT COX8A GP9 ABCD3 PRPH2 TP63 DISP1 TCTN2 TNXB SCN1B PPP1CB VANGL1 NR5A1 NKX2-5 TSC2 ACTA2 DGUOK GFI1 MAPK1 IFNG COL1A2 NDUFS3 PHYH MESP2 RPS28 FASTKD2 FOXE3 NLRP3 MRPS16 RAI1 NABP1 SCN9A PCGF2 FLCN DNAJC13 SFTPB ACTC1 PLVAP HBB RPS20 RPSA RAD21 INVS LYST NDUFA11 RARB CD19 BMPR2 DZIP1 APOA1 GATA1 PEX7 NEK2 ATM LMX1B GBA APOE TGFBR2 MYH11 CANT1 RECQL4 HYOU1 IGSF3 TOR1A ATP8B1 CFTR EVC FANCE PARN PRKAR1A TGFB1 MYLK WWOX MTOR RFC2 WDPCP GATA4 RRM2B CCDC103 SETD1A NEB MPLKIP POLA1 FLT1 CD19 CALM1 SIX3 SMPD1 B9D2 SERPINC1 SELENON SPARC HPS4 PTH1R SRCAP ATM MNS1 KRIT1 MYH6 SH3PXD2B GNAT2 CLCN7 TRIP13 HAND2 COL18A1 MST1 ANKS6 RPS6KA3 MEF2A ALDOA FGB FKRP NOP10 AVPR2 COG6 TRNQ BCL11B PRDM16 IVNS1ABP STOX1 ASAH1 ACTL6A NDUFS7 SMAD3 TALDO1 NUBPL CITED2 ERCC2 TAF1A COL4A1 COX15 TEK STEAP3 HADHA ALX4 ACTA1 DSP NDUFB3 EIF4G1 GATAD1 ACTA1 HBB RERE FLNA MAD2L2 CLRN1 LTBP4 PNPLA6 TMEM237 AIP DDX58 POR PGM3 DCC ABCB11 KCNJ8 EOGT VHL PIK3CA MTFMT TEK PLD1 SLC25A4 SDHC DCLRE1C SEC31A TLR4 RSPH3 APOA5 COX7B CYBC1 DCHS1 KCNH1 FANCB BBS2 HBB SRCAP GAS1 TNFRSF13B LMNA CRB1 ZMPSTE24 ANOS1 SMARCE1 KCNQ1 BCOR WARS2 KLHL3 STAT4 SMAD3 GTF2H5 TRNV RUNX1 LRP2 OPA1 PRKAG2 DNAAF4 UBAC2 MAP2K1 RIN2 THOC6 DLEC1 BIRC3 COL4A3 FGA TTC8 SCN1B GATA4 TMEM138 CD27 BMPR1A ALKBH8 CFHR3 MTHFR NSMCE2 VCL MITF QRSL1 DHCR24 CAV1 BNC2 SNAP29 ITK BICC1 RECQL4 THOC6 NAGLU TRMT1 AKT1 JAG1 RERE GDF6 DMD F2 FIP1L1 GJA5 C2CD3 ND5 ATP2C1 APC NFIX NDNF B9D1 ICOS GFM2 SARDH ND6 HLA-B PRKAR1A KCNJ18 MAGEL2 GMPPB NF1 MAP3K7 DLL1 RPS29 NODAL LRBA RDH12 PLP1 RSPH4A TERT FBN1 F5 NAGA RHO ATP6V1B2 RET HSD11B2 WASHC5 TCTN2 DMD GANAB TMEM67 C8ORF37 SLC39A13 CD46 ADAMTSL4 VPS33A DPF2 PIGQ INS SDHA MVK SMARCB1 RPS7 WT1 TRAIP NDUFB11 DNAAF1 TOP3A PRCD CUL7 TCOF1 ALG9 TRNC CALCRL F5 KAT6B POMGNT1 TTN OFD1 EPB41 TERT BRAF CLCN2 APP SLC2A10 RPS15A APP KRT14 GJC2 PTF1A MALT1 HPGD NID1 SOX3 KCNH2 ABCG5 FSHR MAFB DSE GATA6 CFC1 EFTUD2 HBB MYL3 RPL15 PPCS STK11 ALB CDC45 SNAI2 PCNT FOXH1 ESPN TPK1 IDH3A ANKRD11 COL1A2 TARS1 PKLR CEP290 WNK4 CCR6 SH2B3 ALAS2 DNAH9 HSD3B7 PLIN1 BRAF ADNP DSG2 UROS RLBP1 EXT2 TBX1 SMCHD1 PIK3CA TCAP RS1 ATP5F1A GATA6 FANCG SCN5A GP1BA NDUFV2 GMPPA NOTCH1 MAB21L1 ADAMTSL1 AKT2 MCCC2 ND6 DNMT3A SIN3A THPO NOD2 MYH6 WASHC5 CPOX FOXC2 HAMP GJA1 ANKRD26 ACTA2 CYB561 SCN1B PIGT VPS13B PRKCD HYLS1 SUFU PTCH1 DNAJB11 HOXD13 IGF2 TRRAP CFAP300 COL1A2 GDF1 MTO1 IFT27 INTS1 PHKG2 PEX19 MAP2K2 WT1 DLK1 PPP1R17 SMC3 CR2 STX11 F12 MED25 MADD COL6A2 RAB23 SHH ACADVL FAN1 TET2 TKT MYRF HRAS DLL4 F8 MVK CRELD1 GALNT3 SCN5A TPM1 KIAA0753 SCO2 SOX2 ATP8 SLC26A2 PUF60 RYR1 ELP1 AGA BEST1 NLRP3 FANCF VWF FBN1 MMP21 TCIRG1 PNKP F2 CPT1A FLI1 ZIC2 SLC29A3 KIF20A DLL4 IMPDH1 MBTPS2 POLG KRAS SIX3 PEX12 PRKCSH TCTN3 SOX10 SMARCB1 TRNN SCO1 BTK MSH6 KRAS BSCL2 RSPH1 SMAD9 CCBE1 GK DNAH11 AGTR1 ATR CSF2RA NADSYN1 UMPS CDC42 GJA1 LAMA2 SMAD4 SACS TCOF1 NTRK1 DES POMT2 SLC22A5 MCFD2 MYBPC3 XPNPEP3 NOTCH2 SKI SEC23A TTN LORICRIN MRPS14 SYT1 ODAD4 ECHS1 IDUA CACNB2 DLL1 ND1 RNF113A TBX6 RERE FLNA CASK DGCR6 TTC7A SFTPC RAG1 UROS INTU CKAP2L EDNRB NLRP1 IFT81 ABCD4 EPHX2 COG4 EED SIK1 ETHE1 RPS19 IL12A-AS1 ENG CDKN1B HLA-DRB1 HYLS1 NPM1 NDUFS4 MC1R SCN11A TACO1 RB1 CTLA4 PRG4 CEP19 KLF1 C1S CRELD1 PHYH DSE PEX1 ERBB3 RPGR TCF20 LIMS2 GUCY1A1 GALC TUBB RET JUP NLRP3 ALDH3A2 DHX38 IFT80 FGFR3 FXN FGA MKS1 SEMA3A HBA2 NPHP3 WFS1 VHL PMM2 COL4A3 BRAF ABCB6 IDUA MNX1 PRPH2 RPGRIP1L EYA4 FBN1 HBG2 SLC29A3 CNTNAP2 RAG2 CAPN5 CTSA PGM3 CHRNA7 FANCE MPL COL7A1 NDUFS6 HIBCH FKTN ZEB2 XPA NEK1 GJA1 TRDN FLNC ENG AKAP10 KIAA0586 CCNQ PLN NDP AGA LAMC2 RAG2 IL17F VAMP7 CEP104 FANCC SNCA PYGL CCN2 TPM3 TWNK GGCX COQ2 FOXE3 NCF1 CD3D ABCA4 TAF2 RIT1 MGAT2 SAA1 KIZ IL7R TBC1D24 TTC37 LTBP4 SPTA1 MLX COL1A2 IDH1 SMAD3 TGM5 FOXRED1 PEX16 NOS3 GHR DDX11 HYMAI GDF2 PRKAG2 HLA-DRB1 MRPL44 NDUFA1 DNMT3A NEU1 ATIC EDN3 FLNC CPS1 PRKAR1A APRT GPIHBP1 DNMT3B IDH2 SCN3B PTPN11 EDN1 MECP2 AGK NDUFV2 USF3 ACVRL1 TFR2 FLNA MTTP NRAS OTX2 CC2D2A DNAAF6 FGF23 CLCN7 ANK2 NOTCH1 FBN1 NUP188 NDUFAF3 STAT3 PEX2 PEX10 CARD11 TBX5 BAG3 ERCC6 STX16 SMAD4 SLC25A13 PGM1 LRP1 JAK2 HMGA2 AHI1 RPL31 ELOVL4 AQP2 PIK3CA TP53 CNGA1 BRCA2 PALB2 GAS1 PSAP PTCH1 CFI PTEN STAT3 TMEM67 SCN10A KBTBD13 TREX1 AHI1 ACTC1 JAK2 ISG15 MYH7 ACTG2 BEST1 TMEM126B MAP2K2 ACADM DLL3 RYR1 FUT8 PEX12 ASXL2 KIF11 GP1BB MSL3 HADHA TERF2IP SH3BP2 HNRNPK NFKB2 FREM2 IFT172 HIBCH PIGY ANK1 TGIF1 CAV3 IDS AVPR2 NEK9 SELENON PSTPIP1 CCM2 LEMD3 ATAD3A GATA4 NR3C1 NEUROG3 SCN2B TBX1 POU2AF1 TDGF1 PRKACA ADNP CA4 CD28 CDC73 SIX3 PML BLOC1S3 KCNJ5 CHD7 POLR1C POR TNFRSF11A FH ATRX HES7 FOXC2 NKX2-6 FOS GLB1 CC2D2A DSP MYH3 KRAS HSD3B7 ALDH18A1 ALOX5AP PEX11B SDHD DVL3 SLC12A1 SCNN1A PSEN1 WFS1 GPC3 DCTN1 ALG9 DNAAF5 JUP ZMYND10 CACNA1D IL2RG IL7R PTH1R SMPD1 HLA-A ROR2 GP1BA SMAD4 KDM6A NONO INVS TLL1 RIPPLY2 CLCN7 MYLK NODAL ND6 SERPINA6 GNE BAG3 MEN1 LRRC56 GATA1 TSC2 VPS35 DHCR7 WARS2 NDE1 SLC20A2 WNT10A SLC7A14 GSN RP1 KCNJ5 BMPR1A LBR ARID2 BBS1 SDHD ZNF513 RET CNGB1 KCNJ5 SETD5 NKX2-5 CAV1 ABCG8 DCAF17 DSG2 TF GPD1L AGT GATA1 CTBP1 BTNL2 RYR1 SNX14 CHST3 RAD21 SOX4 SAG ERCC6 TP53 IGF2 BBS10 FUZ SUFU CRTAP PSAP PEX13 GAS1 B3GLCT ABCC6 PLEKHM1 ADAMTS10 ELN RET GATA5 ALDH18A1 CALM2 GATA5 EPB42 GP1BB TCIRG1 DIS3L2 CAV3 TPM2 EMD SCO2 TXNRD2 IKBKG FUCA1 SPAG1 ARID1B GNAS AGGF1 F8 ABCA3 ND4L NLRP12 TGFBR1 NDUFAF5 NOTCH1 PMS2 SEMA5A CAV1 NDUFS8 CD28 CDON GPX4 CA2 CC2D2A PDGFRB GREM1 KIF7 STXBP2 TGM5 ADCY5 EPHB4 ESCO2 FHL1 NEDD4L BCS1L IFT88 CITED2 NDUFB11 BCL2 INPPL1 KRAS CYTB KIT MYBPC3 RPGR CALM1 GRIP1 ATP5F1D FANCD2 PTPN22 FAT4 IFIH1 IL7R LMNA JUP GPC4 FECH H19-ICR SMARCAL1 NAGA GBA CEP290 PDCD10 DISP1 HYDIN SPRY4 MAP2K2 IL2RA FGD1 CDK13 CTC1 PDSS1 PNP PRTN3 ARID1A EPB42 XYLT2 MYH6 FRA16E GP1BB RSPRY1 TRNS1 SDHD BLM CASQ2 CALM3 RRAS SALL4 FANCI LMNA DDR2 ZAP70 ALDOB MNX1 LMNA AIP ND4L C3 IFIH1 TMEM260 NRXN1 USP8 FGFRL1 DPH1 APOE C8ORF37 AP3D1 SALL4 BRCC3 ABCA1 CDK10 KDR TECRL AAAS TBXAS1 C4A MYH7 SH2B1 ERCC6 SBDS DNAI2 NKAP TBC1D24 PEX1 LIPC CHRM3 MTHFR MYL2 TRNE COA6 SERPING1 GATA6 BCL10 PRF1 RAG2 SCN4B GBA GATA4 SMARCA4 GM2A CD40LG KCNQ1 MSH2 TRMT10C MMACHC MIF HES7 GP1BB HLA-DQB1 TRIM32 NKX2-5 GMPPB SLC35A1 AMER1 EIF2AK4 SPP1 XYLT2 KIF7 LBR NCF2 MKKS PTPN22 TMC6 CEP57 FGFR2 DNAI2 SDHA SDHB TRNF TPP2 SDCCAG8 SOX5 PCNA ZNF469 RAG1 CDKN1C CDC73 IFT43 CEP120 HAVCR2 HMGCL KCNJ2 HBB MIB1 SLC4A1 ACP5 XIAP CFAP53 IL2RG ATP7A RNASEH1 FANCB CYP11B1 KAT8 BTK SDHB TTN TMEM231 OFD1 TET3 KLHL7 CDON PTPN11 TXNL4A PHGDH LRP5 FLNA PIEZO1 PIK3CA NNT ABHD5 DVL3 KCNE3 AEBP1 RYR1 CDHR1 HCN4 STRADA PSMD12 CUL3 SLC25A3 ANAPC1 LONP1 ERCC4 FBLN5 ATP6 FBN1 CLRN1 PEX16 FLT4 NIPBL SMAD4 LIPT1 SLCO2A1 NOTCH3 CD109 RPE65 CHD7 SLC37A4 COQ2 TNNT2 SRP54 CD79B SOX18 SGCD TSHR AQP5 TNNT2 CDKN2C MMP14 MED12 TGDS CCDC47 PKD1L1 ND2 ADAT3 CPOX RPS17 APC2 MYH8 TRAF7 KIF7 MYH7 SCNN1A GPD1 DHX37 VEGFC KRT5 TNFRSF1A KIAA0319L CLCN7 YARS2 TBX1 PDE11A SMC1A PIEZO2 TMEM237 NDUFS7 PDGFB TBX1 KCNA5 AKT1 TNFSF12 EFEMP2 PGAP3 ABL1 PIK3CA EHMT1 PDGFRA CTNS SDHD NCF2 NDUFAF5 TNFRSF1B WNT10A FOXP1 PSTPIP1 BCOR TMCO1 GYG1 KDM1A SDHB NDUFS1 NSD2 TECRL F13A1 B3GALT6 CLCNKB TRPS1 BBS1 CSF2RB MPL PERP FAM149B1 COL1A1 HESX1 FCGR2A EDNRA IDS TRIM28 WDPCP CACNA2D1 CD79A PIK3R1 FGFR1 PIGP HNRNPU HPS6 SCNN1G MAP2K1 PDE6A CTSA CPT2 LMAN1 GPR101 SYNE1 TFAP2A COX2 RTL1 CCDC174 COQ2 NR2F2 OFD1 ND6 KCNH2 TSC2 KCNN3 RASGRP1 SP7 GBE1 NDP GATA1 COL3A1 POGZ ENPP1 POMGNT1 SEC23B TCTN3 GLI3 SREBF1 ITGA2B SMARCE1 POU3F4 GIGYF2 SIX6 F11 SEMA3A CDAN1 KIF5A MVK ARMC5 SDHA NDP PTPN14 HAMP CNGA1 PEX26 RYR2 HEXA TP53 HPS1 TET2 COL2A1 FBN1 SCN2A DMD GATA4 FMR1 NKX2-5 ELOVL4 DMRT3 FBLN5 GUCA1B NEK8 TMEM127 CLPB LDB3 RNASEH2C TWNK TBX20 CCR1 HADHA POR WNT4 ELAC2 MEG3 GP1BA TRDN SKI NEXN RAD51 DUSP6 OTUD6B USH2A NDUFA9 MMUT HYLS1 NPHP1 HBA1 CHRND PKP2 PDE6C XRCC2 FSCN2 VHL CCDC103 ERCC6 ZDHHC9 FARSB ODAD1 CYP11B1 ANK1 JAK2 NME8 AHR VHL SLC25A22 LETM1 SLC25A3 ELANE RFWD3 XPA GPC4 ITGA8 GNAQ CDKN1B GNAS ERCC8 C4A DYRK1B TRPC6 DNASE1 CA2 PROKR2 MLXIPL LZTR1 STX3 ALG12 AK2 IDH2 SLC52A2 PDE3A HELLPAR HSD3B2 GP9 SGSH BAZ1B ALG1 WT1 TANGO2 MID1 GP1BA XPC LDB3 NR2F2 DNAL1 TGFB3 SGCB CTSH CTSB DISP1 PRKAR1A TRNL1 UBE3B LCAT MAT2A FIBP CYP11B2 TNFSF11 DSP PET100 LMNA ABCA4 KCNA1 NFE2L2 EPHB2 SGCG PROC IARS2 KCND3 D2HGDH MGP TRDN NHLRC2 SOX9 PGAP2 NAGA PUF60 FKRP CTNNB1 SDHD KCNE2 RSPH9 NOTCH2 PACS1 GNAI2 NAA10 GNB5 GGCX KRT10 CD70 ND1 PIK3CD FMO3 ASS1 EXT1 USP9X PSAP GUCY1A1 LMNA WT1 PIEZO2 GJA5 STN1 DCX KCNE5 GPC1 PROKR2 EBP GNPTAB NLRP3 CFAP221 COA5 JUP GJB2 TP63 TBX3 AP1S1 HBA1 ROBO4 CERKL RPL26 DES EDA2R OFD1 CD81 TNFRSF13B POLG2 FIG4 DDX59 MYH7 NSD1 MTHFR HLA-DPB1 AGT RYR1 CFHR1 BRF1 SLC22A4 SLC25A20 MAPRE2 AKT1 RRAS2 EPHB4 MEN1 XRCC4 COX7B HSPG2 CEP290 CCDC115 LTBP2 DLK1 PROP1 SHOC2 FLT4 ACTB DGCR8 FBP1 NEB SLC35A1 EPAS1 COL1A1 MRAP SPECC1L PSEN2 CDH23 BLM PKD2 CDON PKD2 NPHP1 CST3 RAG1 SNRPB PRKG1 USB1 MYOCD GATA4 TMEM70 NDUFAF6 FLNA STAT2 ZNF365 MEFV PYGM RASA1 NEK1 SOX6 NF1 FKTN NF1 CSRP3 RPL35 HCN4 SRY MYOT TDGF1 GATA4 GGCX TAPT1 TMEM216 COX15 SLC4A1 ROM1 PAX8 COX1 MCM4 TINF2 CD40 TOPORS ERCC2 SDHC NAA10 MPL POT1 CR2 COL1A1 FGG FOXE1 NLRC4 TFRC TRIM37 EXT2 LMNA KMT2A ITGB3 TBX3 STXBP1 DNM2 NCKAP1L ATXN7 ACADVL SERPINF2 LDB3 TPM2 PLEKHM1 PAX3 ELP1 IRF8 RMRP TGFBR2 STAG2 UQCRFS1 LMX1B SALL4 CFAP300 SIX3 BMPR1A DDB2 IGHM GJA1 HPGD MEFV KCNH2 KCNQ2 PALLD RNASEH2B NDUFAF8 MSX1 NOTCH3 BCL6 ISCU ABCC8 ATP11A FAM111A DBH ODAD1 SDHC CHRNG HBB SALL4 CTLA4 ATP7A RNF213 LOX PIGV CP POLR1A NMNAT1 ALPK3 GPC3 WNT5A CYP26C1 PTEN PPARG BBS7 DDX6 ABCC9 PQBP1 COG5 LMNA ETHE1 LDLR DVL1 RASGRP1 CHD7 TTC12 VCL GABRA3 KRT18 PROC KLLN IARS1 GPI GAS1 KIF23 ACTA2 KCNQ1OT1 WIPI2 THPO FGF8 GLI2 LBR PLCB4 ARID1B BRAF DSP IDUA ANKRD1 BCOR IL12A MMUT SF3B4 PEX7 CFB SCN1B UMPS SERPIND1 PLOD3 KIAA1109 TERT XPC SMCHD1 CD96 MYH7 ACP5 SPEG NT5E DNAJC21 MYCN IGBP1 LMNB1 ACTC1 OTX2 RHBDF2 RTL1 ESS2 FYB1 EXOC6B RPS26 SLC39A4 PIGA MID1 ARL2BP EPHB4 SFTPB ODC1 ASCL1 TTPA PIGL PEX10 ND2 GBE1 TP63 JAK1 DHPS RAI1 XPNPEP2 DNAJB13 COL2A1 AGBL5 CPT2 PROM1 PALB2 IL12B SDHC PDE6G LEPR JAK2 FGG PIGT TSPYL1 STAMBP FASLG KLF13 PIEZO1 EZH2 EPB41 RUNX1 B2M CORIN SPTA1 NR3C2 MYH6 KLHL41 PROP1 ADA2 LIMK1 DSP RPL5 HMGA2 KRAS CCM2 NDUFAF1 ERCC3 IDH3A EP300 NDUFA6 MCCC1 DCLRE1C FARSA CDC42 PLCG2 ACTC1 STAT4 C2 VAC14 PKHD1 DMD ND3 SIN3A COL7A1 CYP3A5 BRAT1 ZMIZ1 NUP107 PTCH1 LMNB1 HNRNPK ND1 IGHM TNNI3K TGIF1 TUBB GJA5 POLG FLNC HAVCR2 SMARCC2 ERCC2 TXNL4A RAB23 CD3E MLH1 BCHE SULT2B1 DISP1 PEX1 LOX DES PIK3R2 BPTF TNNC1 PPP2CA RNF168 TMEM126B FSCN2 ARCN1 PIGV IDUA NKX2-5 IGH CYBB COL5A2 BCOR JAK2 SERPING1 SLC12A3 DOLK NEU1 TGIF1 ADA STAT3 FIBP B4GALT7 ZMIZ1 HLA-B HDAC4 ECE1 CYP17A1 TSC1 ATP6V0A2 A2ML1 DPM3 RP1L1 PKDCC RPS26 MEFV ORAI1 CLIC2 ITCH SEMA4A ASXL1 TRIM8 WNT4 RPS27 SURF1 UFD1 RAF1 SERPINF2 SRP54 SCNN1B GBA DKC1 MYH7 COG7 TCIRG1 ALOXE3 BBS5 SF3B4 LAMB3 VANGL2 MYPN GLI3 LIPT1 KANSL1 PTCH1 EIF2AK3 PPA2 NDUFB10 FBN1 ARL6 ABCA3 STEAP3 GCH1 UNC13D FGFR1 FZD4 HTRA1 SALL1 CPT1A HLA-DQB1 SMC1A PCCB NDUFAF4 FAM13A NEXN KCNN4 LARS2 CTU2 CYP21A2 HSD17B10 TWIST1 SMC3 COG1 ARPC1B FBN1 CALR GATA1 WDR1 ACTC1 PRNP RHAG DOLK RBPJ INF2 HLA-DRB1 HNRNPA1 PHOX2B DPH1 MYLK TMEM94 PRPF4 ADAR SARS2 HDAC8 MLH3 COL4A1 STAG2 LRAT CITED2 EFL1 KIAA1549 TERC BUB3 CRX ITGB3 NSD1 BOLA3 KIAA1549 ATF6 TRIP13 MEG3 PRDM16 KMT2C AIRE MED13L ATP7B AMMECR1 BCR BBS2 GLB1 ABCC8 ACAD8 DSP CYP7B1 MYPN DLL1 VHL EXTL3 SH3PXD2B KCNE5 ARL6 MAN2B1 COMT MYORG ARX EMG1 AIP CSRP3 RHAG RAG2 FCGR2A GJA5 TMEM67 BTNL2 ADAMTSL2 WNT3 DSP SOX18 PIGN PAFAH1B1 HGD ITPR1 FN1 FBN1 PIEZO1 ACTN2 COL1A1 YY1AP1 NPM1 ATP6V0A2 ZBTB16 AHCY EPG5 COL7A1 DDB2 SHH CACNA1C KIT EGFR OSGEP LAMA3 TBX2 SPECC1L IKZF1 SPECC1L SAMD9 LMNA YY1 PIK3C2A LMBRD1 ELN IFT172 PDSS2 DNAAF4 SH2B3 HBG1 NDUFA2 LZTFL1 MYO5B KCNJ11 EVC2 CEP120 SEC63 UNG PTEN MYC GATA4 SLC26A2 SCNN1G NKX2-1 PLOD1 PLEC DLL1 FHL1 MUC1 KYNU ABCA1 TTC8 IGH CLIP2 H19 APOB LAMA4 PLCB3 IL6 GNAQ KCNE1 IGF1R SLC25A4 DYNC2LI1 GNAS GDF1 MYOZ2 IRF5 DST LMX1B ARMC9 NRAS KCNE1 MEN1 SIX3 HJV MYD88 THOC2 PORCN SNRNP200 SOX11 GNB5 SHOC2 CKAP2L SDCCAG8 AP3B1 POLG PDGFB CBL APOC2 POLA1 COL2A1 LPL MLYCD SON TSC1 MIR17HG DVL3 RGR HESX1 LAMP2 RANBP2 SCNN1B ALX1 IFT122 GNPTG NRAS ARL6 FGB STK11 PEX2 MRPS22 GPX4 PCCA TTC37 DACT1 WT1 SMAD4 DAXX KRT14 PACS2 RPS15A RAF1 LRRC6 TRNW DYNC2I2 TNFRSF1B SHH PDE6B WNK1 PKP1 CHST14 TRNV TANC2 KIT FLNA NFIX SLC12A3 ACAD8 PRKCH TBXA2R TRAC TJP2 CCNO FGFR2 IDUA MGP KIT NDUFS3 GBA HRAS FAM161A KCNQ1 NOD2 NOD2 ADK MYCN SLC25A20 POU1F1 TRNH GAS1 AKT3 RAG1 PTPN11 SLC26A2 GATA2 STAR HMCN1 IDH3B SLC7A7 CACNA1S RARB GATA6 DPP6 FGA CBS SUFU TKFC PCCB CASP10 SRP54 SUGCT TNFRSF13C RPS17 B3GAT3 EBP ATP6 PLN TCAP CHRNA3 KCNH1 KRT5 MED12 MRAS LMOD1 TNFSF11 MYLK2 DCDC2 CAT FGFR3 CYP11B1 P2RY11 FLAD1 ADA XRCC4 MECP2 KCTD1 ND3 ACAD9 GBA CLCF1 NUMA1 TNFRSF11A FBXL4 ASXL1 GDF3 F5 MRAS ROR2 NUP107 HCN4 TNFRSF11A TWIST1 CEP290 IRF8 HLA-DRB1 DDX6 TAZ ZIC3 SEMA4A SCN4A NDUFV1 DNAAF1 LPL HOXA11 TRAF7 ERCC4 CACNA2D1 SPTB FGFR1 RBM20 NDUFA13 BCORL1 PIGW SMOC1 KRT5 ATRX ACTG2 FOXH1 COG7 MUC5B GATAD1 PRKCD HSD11B2 BGN STAG2 NPPA NDUFAF3 MYPN PSAP ABCA1 PTEN TNNI3 KCNJ2 RBM10 GANAB TACR3 CD244 PEX14 KANSL1 TNFSF12 MAP3K7 DBH COG2 SDHB IDS DNAAF3 DNAAF3 MC2R BSCL2 TNFRSF4 NAGS MYMK B2M LDLRAP1 CPN1 CAV1 DYRK1A MYOC HLCS ALPK1 KCNJ5 SCN5A SMO NONO FLT4 MAPT LEP CYP7A1 GPC6 CASQ2 TAB2 CPOX ITCH USP45 RYR2 DPM3 ZNF423 CRYAB CEP120 KIF1B SPIB NKX2-5 SELENOI PIGL FGFR1 NDUFS8 NDUFB8 CACNA1C SPEF2 NECTIN1 PBX1 AEBP1 POMT1 RAC2 JAK2 SCN5A COQ4 TBL2 BMP2 BBS2 GINS1 CFAP298 AKR1D1 TBX19 SYNE2 ACTA2 METTL5 DNAH5 WIPF1 POMT1 TLL1 CSNK2A1 MEG3 FGG LMNA KRIT1 OFD1 GATA6 IL12A TPM3 IL6 TRNT LMNA PPP2R1A SURF1 BRCA1 PSMB8 CACNA1C STAG2 CRKL SEC23A CACNA1D CDKN2B GATC SGCD LRP5 ALX3 TAZ COL5A1 MUC5B SEMA3E MRPL12 TCTN1 CDON PROS1 SRSF2 BAP1 FXN PIK3CA FOXRED1 DPP9 ARF1 RAF1 CD79B HEXB SDHC XRCC2 FGFR2 MYPN ZIC2 CALR ITGA7 LTBP2 RPGRIP1 TRIP11 APC SOX2 ABCA1 EXT2 NF1 SPINK5 DSG4 RTEL1 TNNI3 GPC3 TGFB2 SMAD4 DYNC2I1 TPM1 DMPK POMT2 DCDC2 SKI PIK3CA EBP WT1 ANKRD11 NR3C1 HFE SAMD9L TRNW SMC1A KCNE2 ICOS RTTN RB1 HGD F5 FOXF1 CHST14 GLB1 KRAS NCF1 SMAD6 PTCH1 IL2RG B3GALT6 SF3B4 GLI2 RP1L1 OTULIN F8 TET2 SEC23B ZNF148 COX3 OBSL1 WRAP53 ACTN2 PAX3 NDUFV1 ATP7A HGSNAT GLUL CARMIL2 PDGFB ABCC6 STIM1 KDSR DGUOK PTEN TERT FAT4 ALG1 PSEN2 MYL4 COX14 ITGB3 IGFBP7 PHOX2B CHD7 RBM8A ROM1 NLRC4 F10 PTGIS TMEM70 POLD1 EMD TDP2 CACNA1S PRKCSH NUP155 ALPL PKLR TRNL1 CTC1 PEX5 SDHB GATA6 MYPN ALG10B MEN1 NDUFV2 SDHD CCDC39 HEPHL1 HSD17B10 WHCR ACSL4 GP6 MTMR14 COX1 NAA10 FGFR3 EP300 TNNI3 GMPPB NDUFS4 LZTFL1 CTNNB1 INPP5E KCNJ8 HCRT HLA-DRB1 DKC1 TERT SCN10A GGCX KRT8 ERCC4 SFTPB LMBR1 NDUFAF1 RFT1 CCDC65 HDAC8 HBA1 POMT1 SEC61A1 SLC25A11 FLII CLIC2 CPT2 ATP6 DHCR24 COA8 CAV3 LFNG RLIM SUZ12 MARS2 NEU1 XIAP HLA-B BTD SREBF1 FGFR2