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D010003: Osteoarthritis

Developed by Shray Alag, The Harker School
Sections: Correlations, Clinical Trials, and HPO

Correlations computed by analyzing all clinical trials.

Navigate: Clinical Trials and HPO


Correlated Drug Terms (9)


Name (Synonyms) Correlation
drug2319 On-line exercise and education Wiki 0.45
drug1798 LRX712 Wiki 0.45
drug2320 On-site exercise and education Wiki 0.45
Name (Synonyms) Correlation
drug1236 Exercise Training Only Wiki 0.45
drug3170 Software Messaging Wiki 0.45
drug1114 Dynamic 3D bone motion capture Wiki 0.45
drug4175 wedged insole Wiki 0.45
drug1237 Exercise and Cognitive Training Wiki 0.45
drug2505 Placebo Wiki 0.02

Correlated MeSH Terms (7)


Name (Synonyms) Correlation
D020370 Osteoarthritis, Knee NIH 0.52
D015207 Osteoarthritis, Hip NIH 0.45
D005356 Fibromyalgia NIH 0.22
Name (Synonyms) Correlation
D029424 Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive NIH 0.13
D008173 Lung Diseases, Obstructive NIH 0.12
D006973 Hypertension NIH 0.10
D013315 Stress, Psychological NIH 0.09

Correlated HPO Terms (3)


Name (Synonyms) Correlation
HP:0002758 Osteoarthritis HPO 0.89
HP:0005086 Knee osteoarthritis HPO 0.52
HP:0008843 Hip osteoarthritis HPO 0.45

Clinical Trials

Navigate: Correlations   HPO

There are 5 clinical trials


1 Improving the Detection, Classification and Treatment of Misaligned Arthritic Ankles

The Veteran population is prone to foot and ankle maladies from common injuries such as sprains, and diseases such as ankle osteoarthritis (cartilage damage). More specific to Veterans are prior service injuries of the foot and ankle, which historically account for nearly a quarter of injuries received. These injuries include bone fractures and ligament damage. Some of these injuries may lead to poor ankle joint alignment, which over time could lead to osteoarthritis due to abnormal wear on a day to day basis. The goal of this proposal is to use a novel technology - biplane fluoroscopy, to study the movement of ankles which are misaligned in subjects with ankle osteoarthritis. This proposal will also benefit current diagnostic methods with additional information. Last, this proposal will test the effectiveness of a conservative treatment (modified shoe insoles) to correct or reduce the misalignment in ankles. This proposal will create evidence about: the nature of ankle osteoarthritis, the accuracy of diagnosing alignment, and conservative treatment for patients with ankle OA.

NCT03440008
Conditions
  1. Ankle Osteoarthritis
Interventions
  1. Other: Dynamic 3D bone motion capture
  2. Device: wedged insole
MeSH:Osteoarthritis
HPO:Osteoarthritis

Primary Outcomes

Description: The 3D movement between the tibia and talus bones will be assessed using biplane fluoroscopy, for OA and control subjects during shod gait.

Measure: Tibio-talar kinematics during gait

Time: 4 hour session

Description: The sensitivity to correctly diagnose dynamic misalignment by using static x-ray images, will be determined for the OA population.

Measure: Static ankle alignment sensitivity

Time: 4 hour session

Description: The effect that wedged insoles have on varus / valgus misalignment will be assessed using dynamic 3D x-ray

Measure: Decrease in misalignment during gait using wedged insoles

Time: 4 hour session
2 A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Subject and Investigator Blinded Study Investigating the Safety, Tolerability and Preliminary Efficacy of 8-week Treatment With Intra-articular LRX712 to Regenerate Articular Cartilage in Patients With Mild/Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis

This study will explore the preliminary efficacy of multiple intra-articular injections of LRX712 by evaluating the ability of the drug to restore structural integrity of articular cartilage. Efficacy will be evaluated in the context of the systemic safety and local tolerability of the investigational drug.

NCT04097379
Conditions
  1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Interventions
  1. Drug: LRX712
  2. Drug: Placebo
MeSH:Osteoarthritis
HPO:Osteoarthritis

Primary Outcomes

Description: Efficacy of multiple intra-articular injections of LRX712 in regenerating cartilage as measured with 7T MRI

Measure: Changes in articular cartilage [23Na] content from baseline compared to placebo at week 28

Time: Baseline and Week 28

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Efficacy of multiple intra-articular injections of LRX712 measured with 7T MRI

Measure: Changes in articular cartilage [23Na] content from baseline compared to placebo at Week 16 and 52

Time: Baseline, Week 16 and 52

Description: Efficacy of multiple intra-articular injections of LRX712 measured with 7T MRI

Measure: Changes from baseline in cartilage morphometrics (volume and thickness) in the medial femoral condyle at Week 16, 28 and 52

Time: Baseline, Week 16, 28 and 52

Description: The observed time to reach max (Tmax) plasma concentration following drug administration

Measure: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)

Time: Pre-dose to 28 weeks

Description: The observed maximum (Cmax) plasma concentration following drug administration

Measure: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

Time: Pre-dose to 28 weeks

Description: The observed minimum (Cmin) plasma concentration following drug administration

Measure: Minimum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmin)

Time: Pre-dose to 28 weeks

Description: The observed synovial concentration following drug administration

Measure: Concentration in synovial fluid

Time: Day 1; week 4; week 8
3 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered by Automated Software Messaging

This study aims to 1) observe the course of pain, 2) mental status, and 3) possible effect of a behavioral intervention delivered via an automated mobile phone messaging robot in patients were indicated and/or scheduled to undergo joint replacement but have been cancelled or delayed due to the COVID-19 crisis.

NCT04329897
Conditions
  1. Hip Osteoarthritis
  2. Knee Osteoarthritis
  3. Mental Stress
  4. Coronavirus
Interventions
  1. Behavioral: Software Messaging
MeSH:Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis, Knee Osteoarthritis, Hip Stress, Psychological
HPO:Hip osteoarthritis Knee osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis

Primary Outcomes

Description: PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A short form is a 3 question survey measuring an individual's pain over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 1 (no pain) to 5 (very severe pain) for all questions. The scores for the 3 questions are summed and then matched to a corresponding t-score for the instrument. The corresponding t-score is the final, reportable score and can range from 30.7 to 71.8 for the PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A instrument. Higher t-score values represent worse pain outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net

Measure: Change in reported pain intensity score (PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A) Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system Pain Intensity (PROMIS) 3A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.

Time: Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.

Description: PROMIS Pain Intensity 1A short form is a 1 question survey measuring an individual's average pain over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher values represent worse pain outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net

Measure: Change in reported pain intensity score (PROMIS Pain Intensity 1A) Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system Pain Intensity (PROMIS) 1A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.

Time: Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.

Description: The PROMIS Pain Interference 8A short form is an 8 question survey that measures how much pain has interfered in the respondent's life over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) for all questions. The scores for all 8 questions are summed and then matched to a corresponding t-score for the instrument. The corresponding t-score is the final, reportable score and can range from 40.7 to 77.0 for the PROMIS Pain Interference 8A instrument. Higher t-score values represent worse pain interference outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net

Measure: Change in reported pain interference score Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Pain Interference 8A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.

Time: Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.

Description: The PROMIS Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A short form is an 8 statement survey that measures how much emotional distress, specifically due to anxiety, a respondent has experienced over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 1 (never) to 5 (always) for all the statements. The scores for all 8 statements are summed and then matched to a corresponding t-score for the instrument. The corresponding t-score is the final, reportable score and can range from 37.1 to 83.1 for the PROMIS Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A instrument. Higher t-score values represent worse anxiety caused emotional distress outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net

Measure: Change in reported emotional distress (anxiety) score. Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.

Time: Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.
4 On-line Neuromuscular Exercise and Education for Knee Osteoarthritis

Due to enforced social distancing as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, many on-site health care services are unavailable. This study seeks to investigate the relative effectiveness of an alternative on-line delivery model of exercise and education compared to on-site delivery in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

NCT04437134
Conditions
  1. Knee Osteoarthritis
Interventions
  1. Other: On-line exercise and education
  2. Other: On-site exercise and education
MeSH:Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis, Knee
HPO:Knee osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis

Primary Outcomes

Description: Summary score from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, short version (KOOS 12). The summary score is calculated as the average score from the KOOS 12 subscales pain, function and quality of life (QOL), ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Measure: Knee impact summary

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Fast-paced walking ability is recorded by the physiotherapists and evaluated using the 40-m fast-paced walk test.

Measure: Fast-paced walking ability

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months)

Description: Chair-stand ability is recorded by the physiotherapists and evaluated using the 30-s chair-stand test.

Measure: Chair-stand ability

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months)

Description: Patients self-report of function during daily life using the subscale function from the KOOS 12 questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Measure: Self-reported function

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of pain using the subscale pain from the KOOS 12 questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Measure: Self-reported pain

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of quality of life using the subscale quality of life from the KOOS 12 questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Measure: Self-reported quality of life

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Mean pain intensity during the last week in the most affected knee is evaluated on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) with terminal descriptors of 'no pain' (0 mm) and 'maximum pain' (100 mm).

Measure: Pain intensity

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of time spent (frequency and duration) on structured physical activity and exercise.

Measure: Physical activity and exercise

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Other Outcomes

Description: Patients self-report of satisfaction with the GLA:D program.

Measure: Patient satisfaction

Time: Primary follow-up point: Completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-reporting if, how and where they have continued exercising.

Measure: Continuation of exercise

Time: Follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report their current activity levels using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale, ranging from 1 (inactive, dependent on others) to 10 (regular participation in high-impact sports).

Measure: Self-reported activity levels

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of use of acquired skills and knowledge from the GLA:D program.

Measure: Usage of what was learned during GLA:D

Time: Primary follow-up point: Completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of how they handle flare-ups in their knee OA symptoms.

Measure: Symptom management

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Intake of painkillers is evaluated by the physiotherapist asking the patients about intake of any joint related medication. If taking painkillers, the patients are asked which type and whether or not they were taken because of their knee pain.

Measure: Intake of pain killers

Time: Primary follow-up: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months).

Description: Patients self-report of sick leave due to knee symptoms.

Measure: Sick leave

Time: Follow-up points: Baseline and 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of their health situation using EuroQol, 5 dimensions, 5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) score (-0.624 to 1; worst to best).

Measure: Health-related quality of life, index score

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of their health situation using the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), ranging from 0-100 (worst to best).

Measure: Health-related quality of life, visual analogue scale

Time: Primary follow-up point: Change from baseline to completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of current knee condition compared to before participation in GLA:D, scored on a 7-point likert scale (much worse to much better).

Measure: Global perceived effect

Time: Primary follow-up point: Completion of GLA:D program (an average of three months). Secondary follow-up point: 12 months

Description: Patients self-report of pain during each exercise session, rated using a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) 0-10, with zero representing no pain and 10 representing extreme pain.

Measure: Pain during exercise (only for on-line group)

Time: Immediately prior to, and immediately after each exercise session
5 Combined Cognitive and Exercise Training for Older Adults: Feasibility & Effectiveness

The overarching aim of this project is to implement and evaluate a proven cognitive training regimen in combination with a community exercise program among older adults who attend wellness exercise programs at the YMCA. To support this aim, the investigators have developed a collaboration with the YMCA of Kitchener-Waterloo, which offer exercise programs targeted to older adults. The specific objectives are: (1) to evaluate the feasibility of a combined exercise and cognitive training in a community-setting among older adults; and (2) to conduct a preliminary evaluation and comparison of changes in cognitive function, physical function, well-being and self-efficacy with 12-weeks of combined exercise and cognitive training versus exercise alone. The hypothesis for each objective are as follows: (1) It is anticipated that this program will be feasible to implement and will be well accepted by the participants and exercise providers. (2) The investigators may not have the power to find statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups for physical and cognitive function. However, the investigators expect to observe positive changes between the pre- and post-assessments, suggesting improved cognitive function and mobility as a result of the 12-week program.

NCT04515758
Conditions
  1. Osteo Arthritis
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Joint Replacement
  4. Fibromyalgia
  5. High Blood Pressure
  6. Stable Heart Conditions
  7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  8. Diabetes
  9. Obesity
Interventions
  1. Other: Exercise and Cognitive Training
  2. Other: Exercise Training Only
MeSH:Osteoporosis Fibromyalgia Osteoarthritis Lung Diseases, Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive Hypertension
HPO:Chronic pulmonary obstruction Hypertension Osteoarthritis Pulmonary obstruction

Primary Outcomes

Description: Total number of people enrolled divided by the total number of people invited to participate (multiplied by 100 to calculate a percentage)

Measure: Recruitment Rate

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Percentage of people who completed the full program and all assessments

Measure: Completion Rate

Time: Through study completion, 12 weeks

Description: Percentage of people who attended program sessions (exercise and cognitive training components)

Measure: Attendance

Time: Throughout entire intervention (12 weeks, 2 sessions/week per group)

Description: Participant and instructors rating of program components and overall program (via hand-written questionnaire). Participants and instructors must rate their level of agreement (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = no opinion, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree) with various statements. The higher the rating, the greater the satisfaction. They also must rate if the difficulty of the program was optimal, somewhat easy or hard, or too easy or hard. They must also specify how much money they would be willing to spend on the program. They are also given an opportunity to record optional additional comments/recommendation.

Measure: Change in Participant and Instructor Rating of experience, satisfaction, and feasibility of program

Time: Mid-point (6 weeks) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Financial cost of running program (equipment purchased for study - cognitive training tablet and stands - and YMCA staff pay) as reported by researcher and YMCA staff

Measure: Cost of program

Time: Post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Self-reported biological sex (at birth) using basic demographics questionnaire

Measure: Sex

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: One-on-one interview with researcher, answering broad questions about their experience in the program and study

Measure: Participant and Instructor perceived program experience and satisfaction

Time: Post-program (at 12 weeks)

Description: Experience of participants and instructors will also be observed by the researcher (observational notes will be taken by the researcher during each class). No names of participants and instructors will be recorded.

Measure: Participant and Instructor observer-perceived program experience and satisfaction

Time: Throughout entire intervention (12 weeks, 2 sessions/week per group)

Description: Self-reported years of formal education and training (training years for instructors only) using basic demographics questionnaire

Measure: Education

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Self-reported previous and current occupations using basic demographics questionnaire

Measure: Occupation

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Self-reported previous and current medical conditions using basic demographics questionnaire

Measure: Medical Condition

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Self-reported previous and current medications using basic demographics questionnaire

Measure: Medications

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessments (brief clinical tool) to assess visual/spatial abilities, working memory, executive functioning, language, abstraction, and orientation). Will be used to describe participants' baseline cognitive status (a score out of 30 is measured).

Measure: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (global cognitive function)

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Using the International Physical Activities Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity level based on self-reported frequency and duration of job-related, house work-related, transportation-related, and leisure-related physical activities done in the past week. METS-minutes/week will be calculated and reported (i.e. take the number of minutes doing an activity in the past week and multiply by the appropriate metabolic equivalent, which will vary based on the intensity of the physical activity).

Measure: Physical Activity Level

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Using a cognitive activity scale (score of 0-4 per activity) that requires participants to self-report how often they typically engage in a variety of mentally stimulating activities (i.e. playing card games, reading, cooking, etc.) The more frequently they engage in the activity, the higher the score.

Measure: Participant cognitive activity

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Using a scale (score of 0-3 per group) that requires participants to self-report how often they typically interact (face-to-face or virtually) with different groups of people (i.e. their spouse, family, friends, co-workers, etc.). The more frequently they interact with the group, the higher the score.

Measure: Participant social activity

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Description: Self-reported years of age using basic demographics questionnaire

Measure: Participant and Instructor Age

Time: Pre-program (baseline)

Secondary Outcomes

Description: STROOP task which assesses the length of time (seconds) it takes for a participant to correctly name a coloured square (test 1), read the name of a colour (test 2), and say the name of the colour that a word is printed in (test 3). Number of corrected and uncorrected errors are also recorded.

Measure: Change in Stroop Task Performance

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Trails Making Test Part A and B. Part A assesses visual search (participants must connect numbered circles in ascending numerical order (1-2-3-etc). Part B assesses working memory and task-switching (participants must connect circles in ascending numerical and alphabetical order (1-A-2-B- etc.). Time to complete the tests (second) and errors (number) made during the tests are recorded.

Measure: Change in Trail Making Task Performance

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Resting (seated) heart rate (beats per minute) using an automatic blood pressure cuff

Measure: Change in Resting Heart Rate

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Resting (seated) blood pressure (millimeters of mercury) using an automatic blood pressure cuff

Measure: Change in Resting Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Using hand dynamometer (assessing grip strength in lbs) for right and left hand (two trials per hand)

Measure: Change in Grip Strength

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Weight (using automatic scale to measure in lbs, converted to kg) and height (measured in feet and inches, converted to meters) measured and combined to provide BMI (kg/m^2)

Measure: Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Divide waist circumference (cm) by hip circumference (cm) to get ratio calculation

Measure: Change in Hip-to-Waist Circumference Ratio

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Agility and functional balance will be assessed using the Timed Up-and-Go (participants stand up from a chair, walk 6 meters, turn around an object, walk back to chair, and sit down). Time to complete test is measured (seconds) and assessor's observational notes of performance are taken.

Measure: Change in Timed Up-and-Go Performance

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Agility and functional balance will be assessed using the Four Square Step Test (participants must step over lines that are set up in a cross formation, creating 4 quadrants. They must step forward, backward, and side to side in a specific pattern (i.e. from quadrant 1 to quadrant 2, to quadrant 3, to quadrant 4). Time to complete test is recorded in seconds.

Measure: Change in Four Square Step Test Performance

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Lower body strength will be assessed using the 5 Time Sit-to-Stand (participants must complete 5 sit-to-stands from a chair as fast as they can). Time to complete all 5 is recorded in seconds.

Measure: Change in Sit-to-Stand Performance

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Functional fitness will be assessed using the 6 minute walk (participants walk along indoor track for 6 minutes). The number of laps achieved in 6 minutes is recorded. Assessor's observational notes of walking performance is also recorded.

Measure: Change in 6-minute walk test Performance

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Well-being will be self-reported using the "Vitality-Plus Scale" (self-reported general health questionnaire - rating of sleep quality, appetite, general energy level, etc.). Participants rate their degree of health on a scale from 1 - 5 (the higher the rating, the better their perceived overall well-being).

Measure: Change in Overall Well-being

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

Description: Bandura Scale (named after the researcher who developed it) - self-reported rating of confidence (0 - 100%) to continue exercising routinely in various hypothetical situations (i.e. if one is sick, if the weather is poor, etc). The greater the confidence, the higher the score

Measure: Change in Exercise-related Self-Efficacy

Time: Pre-program (baseline) and post-program (12 weeks)

HPO Nodes


Reports

Data processed on September 26, 2020.

An HTML report was created for each of the unique drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms associated with COVID-19 clinical trials. Each report contains a list of either the drug, the MeSH terms, or the HPO terms. All of the terms in a category are displayed on the left-hand side of the report to enable easy navigation, and the reports contain a list of correlated drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms. Further, all reports contain the details of the clinical trials in which the term is referenced. Every clinical trial report shows the mapped HPO and MeSH terms, which are also hyperlinked. Related HPO terms, with their associated genes, protein mutations, and SNPs are also referenced in the report.

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