Interactions between genes and environment, i.e. our inherited responses to environmental changes, may be crucial in the development of the common diseases. The investigators were the first to identify PPARG gene as risk gene for type 2 diabetes. The role of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in diabetes risk has also been verified in meta-analysis. However, this effect on seems to depend on intervention and age. In this study the effects of diets high with saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are compared in subjects carrying either Pro12Pro or Ala12Ala genotype of the PPARG gene. Aim of the study: To test if subjects with Pro12Pro and Ala12Ala genotypes respond differentially to a diet supplemented with high saturated (SAFA) or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA). Hypotheses: 1. Specific: Subjects with the Ala12Ala genotype will be more sensitive to dietary modification, and therefore respond more favorably to PUFA diet 2. More general: Dietary instructions individually tailored according to the genotype would allow better treatment of obesity and diabetes

NCT01274091

Conditions

1. Insulin Sensitivity

Interventions

1. Other: PUFA-diet
2. Other: SAFA-diet

MeSH:Insulin Resistance Hypersensitivity

HPO:Allergy Insulin resistance

The role of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in diabetes risk has also been verified in meta-analysis. --- Pro12Ala ---

Inclusion Criteria: - BMI >20kg/m2 <29kg/m2 - Pro12Pro and Ala12Ala genotypes of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism - participation to METSIM-study (METabolic Syndrome in Men, currently >10000 men included from the population living in Kuopio, principal investigator Markku Laakso) - normoglycemia Exclusion Criteria: - type 2 diabetes - other chronic diseases Inclusion Criteria: - BMI >20kg/m2 <29kg/m2 - Pro12Pro and Ala12Ala genotypes of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism - participation to METSIM-study (METabolic Syndrome in Men, currently >10000 men included from the population living in Kuopio, principal investigator Markku Laakso) - normoglycemia Exclusion Criteria: - type 2 diabetes - other chronic diseases Insulin Sensitivity Insulin Resistance Hypersensitivity Obesity and type 2 diabetes are increasing in all western countries, including Finland. --- Pro12Ala ---

Inclusion Criteria: - BMI >20kg/m2 <29kg/m2 - Pro12Pro and Ala12Ala genotypes of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism - participation to METSIM-study (METabolic Syndrome in Men, currently >10000 men included from the population living in Kuopio, principal investigator Markku Laakso) - normoglycemia Exclusion Criteria: - type 2 diabetes - other chronic diseases Inclusion Criteria: - BMI >20kg/m2 <29kg/m2 - Pro12Pro and Ala12Ala genotypes of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism - participation to METSIM-study (METabolic Syndrome in Men, currently >10000 men included from the population living in Kuopio, principal investigator Markku Laakso) - normoglycemia Exclusion Criteria: - type 2 diabetes - other chronic diseases Insulin Sensitivity Insulin Resistance Hypersensitivity Obesity and type 2 diabetes are increasing in all western countries, including Finland. --- Pro12Ala --- --- Pro12Ala ---

The role of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in diabetes risk has also been verified in meta-analysis. --- Pro12Ala ---

Based on these findings the investigators created in collaboration with Johan Auwerx an Pro12Ala animal model that demonstrated a differential effect of dietary fat composition depending on the genotype. --- Pro12Ala ---

However, an important conclusive proof that subjects selected based on their Pro12Ala genotype would respond differently to specifically tailored diet modification is still needed. --- Pro12Ala ---

- The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of two different insulin sensitizers (namely Pioglitazone and Metformin) among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh. - A prospective, double-blind, single group, 'within-subject' designed clinical trial of 77 diagnosed T2DM patients out of 130 patients with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7.2±1.5%, aged 46±6.4 years and registered for diabetes treatment in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) was carried out. - The study was conducted between November 2008 and September 2010. - Baseline data, included case history of the patients,anthropometric measurement, biomedical parameters psychosocial factors, were collected from each subject and then enrolled to receive treatment with 001 drug once daily for three months, then the patients were left for wash out with metformin 850mg once daily for one month; then they received 002 drug once daily for further three months. - Dietary chart was remained as before. - DNA was isolated by Chelex method using the primers and control DNA,restriction Digestion Enzyme Endonuclease Hae 111 for genotyping PPARγ-(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma)Pro12Pro - (Proline12Proline)/Pro12Ala-(Proline12 Alanine))/Ala12Ala-(Alanine12Alanine). - The blinded drugs were decoded after analyzing results, 001 tablet was pioglitazone (30 mg once daily) and 002 tablets was metformin (850mg once daily). Bio-medical outcomes were measured to assess the efficacy of both the drugs each month. After finishing the treatment period the effects of two drugs were compared using SPSS.And the association between the pioglitazone drug effects and genetic polymorphism was also assessed. - The metformin effects was assessed also using the response rate of HbA1c <7.0% after 3 months treatment to the patients.

NCT01589445

Conditions

1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Interventions

1. Drug: Pioglitazone hydrochloride
2. Drug: Metformin hydrochloride

MeSH:Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

HPO:Diabetes mellitus Type II diabetes mellitus

- DNA was isolated by Chelex method using the primers and control DNA,restriction Digestion Enzyme Endonuclease Hae 111 for genotyping PPARγ-(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma)Pro12Pro - (Proline12Proline)/Pro12Ala-(Proline12 Alanine))/Ala12Ala-(Alanine12Alanine). - The blinded drugs were decoded after analyzing results, 001 tablet was pioglitazone (30 mg once daily) and 002 tablets was metformin (850mg once daily). --- Pro12Ala ---

We used a published document to select the primers for genotyping PPARγ Pro12Ala/Pro12Pro. --- Pro12Ala ---

The primers for the Pro12Ala SNP genotype, we amplified exon B using the reverse primer 5' CTG GAA GAC AAA CTA CAA GAG 3' and the forward primer 5' ACT CTG GGA GAT TCT CCT ATT GGC 3'. --- Pro12Ala ---

III.Control DNA: Professor Colin Palmer Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute ,University of Dundee Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK sent six control samples of 3 types control DNA genotyped for PPARG SNP rs 1801282 (Pro12Ala). --- Pro12Ala ---

5) List of Abbreviations AEs Adverse Events ALT Alanine aminotransferase BMI Body Mass Index BMRC Bangladesh Medical Research Council BIRDEM Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes,Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder BP Blood Pressure DNA Deoxynucleic Acid DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure DM Diabetes Mellitus EASD European Association for the Study of Diabetes EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay FBG/FSG Fasting Blood Glucose/Fasting Serum Glucose FSI Fasting Serum Insulin 2hBG 2 hours Blood Glucose HbA1c Glycosylated Haemoglobin HOMA percent B Homeostasis Model Assessment percentage of beta cell function HOMA percent S Homeostasis Model Assessment percentage of sensitivity HOMA IR Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance HDL-C High Density Lipid Cholesterol IU/L International Unit/Litre LDL-C Low Density Lipid Cholesterol ml millilitre mm millimetre mg/dl milligram/ decilitre MLR Multiple Logistic Regression OPD Outdoor Patient Department OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OR Odds Ratio PPARγ Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma Pro12Pro Proline12Proline Pro12Ala Proline 12 Alanine Ala12Ala Alanine12Alanine PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction QUICKI Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index SD Standard Deviation SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science SBP Systolic Blood Pressure TC Total Cholesterol TG Triglyceride T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus TZD Thiazolidinedione µl Microliter WHO World Health Organization --- Pro12Ala ---

Our aim was to assess the effects of a hypocaloric diet, including diet fruit jelly with microencapsulated fish oil or conjugated linoleic acid or placebo, on anthropometry, body composition, insulin resistance and lipid profile in women with metabolic syndrome and genotype Pro12Pro in the PPAR gamma 2 gene.

NCT02183922

Conditions

1. Insulin Resistance
2. Oxidativ
3. Oxidative Stress
4. Lipid Profile
5. Blood Pressure
6. Anthropometric Measure

Interventions

1. Dietary Supplement: microencapsulated conjugated linoleic acid
2. Dietary Supplement: microencapsulated fish oil
3. Dietary Supplement: light fruit jam

MeSH:Metabolic Syndrome Insulin Resistance

HPO:Insulin resistance

Hypocaloric Diet With or Without Microencapsulated Fish Oil or Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women With Metabolic Syndrome Genotyped for Polymorphisms in the Genes PPAR Gamma 2 (Pro12Ala) and Adiponectin (G276T). --- Pro12Ala ---

Postmenopausal women, stratified by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARG) polymorphism, were given the following treatments in a random order with a 5w wash-out period: a 400mg ibuprofen tablet or a placebo tablet; both treatments were followed after 30min by a single acute dose of 0.4g alcohol per kg bw. Serum estrogen levels were measured before and at three timepoints after alcohol intake. It is hypothesized that the acute decrease in estrogen sulphate and other markers of estrogens after alcohol intake is modulated by ibuprofen and by PPARG genotype.

NCT02463383

Conditions

1. Breast Cancer

Interventions

1. Drug: Ibuprofen Tab 400 MG
2. Drug: Placebo tab

MeSH:Breast Neoplasms

HPO:Breast carcinoma Neoplasm of the breast

cholesterol lowering medicine); 7. being allergic to alcohol and/or Ibuprofen 8. smoking Breast Cancer Breast Neoplasms In a pilot human intervention trial we aimed to determine the effect of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and the PPARγ stimulator, Ibuprofen, on sex-hormone levels following alcohol intake in postmenopausal women. --- Pro12Ala ---

Seven women with PPARG Pro12Ala and 18 PPARG wildtype women were included.The study was performed as a randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled 2x24 h crossover study. --- Pro12Ala ---

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with increasing prevalence, specially severe obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2). It is a multifactorial disease that involves genetic and environmental factors that lead to increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, among others and impairs life quality. Most research on severe obesity focuses on surgical alternatives and their results, thus this clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of a non-pharmacological approach based on nutritional intervention and supplementation with a functional food, the olive oil. It will analyze the effectiveness of interventions on: weight loss, improvements on body composition and inflammatory profile (TNF-alfa, interleucins 1, 6 and 10, adiponectin), insulin resistance and serum lipids control, changing eating habits and physical activity practice, modification on bone mineral density and sarcopenia, and reduction of cardiovascular risk and other diseases. Also, it will be investigated the influence of polymorphisms (Pro12Ala of PPAR-γ gene, -174G>C of IL6 gene e Trp64Arg of ADRB3 gene) on nutritional intervention effectiveness with and without olive oil. This research looks for improving severely obese patient's care and contributing to effective results by reducing costs and risk treatment. The investigators believe that this informations will contribute significantly to the scientific field, expanding the knowledge about severe obesity.

NCT02463435

Conditions

1. Severe Obesity

Interventions

1. Behavioral: Nutritional intervention
2. Other: Nutritional intervention plus olive oil
3. Dietary Supplement: Olive oil

MeSH:Obesity Obesity, Morbid

HPO:Obesity

Also, it will be investigated the influence of polymorphisms (Pro12Ala of PPAR-γ gene, -174G>C of IL6 gene e Trp64Arg of ADRB3 gene) on nutritional intervention effectiveness with and without olive oil. --- Pro12Ala ---

Polymorphism Pro12Ala of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alfa (PPAR-alfa). --- Pro12Ala ---

The study focuses on the influence of polymorphism in the FTO genes rs9939609 and PPARᵧ Pro12Ala, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation on changes in body composition and rest metabolism induced by HIIT and continuous aerobic programs in obese or overweight individuals.

NCT03568773

Conditions

1. Overweight and Obesity
2. Chronic Disease

Interventions

1. Other: High-intensity interval training
2. Other: Aerobic exercise moderate intensity
3. Other: Control Group

MeSH:Overweight Weight Loss Chronic Disease

HPO:Decreased body weight Weight loss

Influence of Genetic and Physiological in Weight Loss The study focuses on the influence of polymorphism in the FTO genes rs9939609 and PPARᵧ Pro12Ala, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation on changes in body composition and rest metabolism induced by HIIT and continuous aerobic programs in obese or overweight individuals. --- Pro12Ala ---

Thus, the objective of the study is to analyze the influence of polymorphism in the genes FTO rs9939609 and PPARᵧ Pro12Ala, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation on changes in body composition and rest metabolism induced by continuous and continuous aerobic programs. --- Pro12Ala ---