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| Name (Synonyms) | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|
| drug4749 | standard of care Wiki | 0.41 |
| drug1795 | Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Wiki | 0.20 |
| drug2981 | Placebo oral tablet Wiki | 0.13 |
| Name (Synonyms) | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|
| D014777 | Virus Diseases NIH | 0.07 |
| D045169 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome NIH | 0.06 |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections NIH | 0.05 |
| Name (Synonyms) | Correlation |
|---|
Navigate: Correlations HPO
There are 2 clinical trials
Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) is a devastating viral illness that originated in Wuhan China in late 2019 and there are nearly 2 million confirmed cases. The mortality rate is approximately 5% of reported cases and over half of patients that require mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. As the disease continues to spread, strategies for reducing duration of ventilator support in patients with COVID-19 could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality of these individuals and future patients requiring this severely limited life-saving resource. Methods to improve gas exchange and to reduce the inflammatory response in COVID-19 are desperately needed to save lives. The ketogenic diet is a high fat, low carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that promotes metabolic ketosis (ketone body production) through hepatic metabolism of fatty acids. High fat, low carbohydrate diets have been shown to reduce duration of ventilator support and partial pressure carbon dioxide in patients with acute respiratory failure. In addition, metabolic ketosis reduces systemic inflammation. This mechanism could be leveraged to halt the cytokine storm characteristic of COVID-19 infection. The hypothesis of this study is that the administration of a ketogenic diet will improve gas exchange, reduce inflammation, and duration of mechanical ventilation. The plan is to enroll 15 intubated patients with COVID 19 infection and administer a 4:1 ketogenic formula during their intubation.
Description: PaCO2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide Units: millimeters of mercury
Measure: Change in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) Time: Daily until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Minute ventilation is the product of respiratory rate and tidal volume. Units: Liter per minute
Measure: Change in minute ventilation Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Respiratory system compliance measures the extent to which the lungs will expand. In a ventilated patient, compliance can be measured by dividing the delivered tidal volume by the [plateau pressure minus the total peep]. Units: liter/centimeter of water
Measure: Change in respiratory system compliance Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Driving pressure is a measure of the strain applied to the respiratory system and the risk of ventilator-induced lung injuries Driving pressure = Plateau pressure - Total Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) Units: centimeter of water
Measure: Change in driving pressure Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Ventilator synchrony is the match between the patient's neural inspiratory time and the ventilator insufflation time
Measure: Change in ventilator synchrony Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in a patient's arteries during one cardiac cycle. Mean arterial pressure = diastolic blood pressure +[1/3(systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure)] Units: millimeter of mercury
Measure: Change in mean arterial pressure Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: FiO2: Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Percentage of oxygen in the air mixture that is delivered to the patient. Units: %
Measure: Change in the fraction of inspired oxygen percentage of oxygen (FiO2) Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: PaO2/FiO2 ratio is the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) to fractional inspired oxygen. Units: millimeter of mercury
Measure: Change in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaO2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen percentage of oxygen (FiO2) ratio Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: pH measures hydrogen ion activity. It is a conventional part of every arterial blood gas determination pH: no units.
Measure: Change in hydrogen ion activity (pH) Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Bicarbonate is a conventional part of every arterial blood gas determination Units: milliequivalents/Liter
Measure: Change in Bicarbonate (HCO3) Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Red blood cell count measure anemia or hypoglycemia. Units: cells per liter
Measure: Change in red blood cell count Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: White blood cell count evaluates leukopenia or leukocytosis. Units: cells/liter
Measure: Change in white blood cell count Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: White cell differential shows the amount of neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils and may give some clue of the type of infection. Units: %
Measure: Change in white cell differential Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Hemoglobin is an indirect way to measure red blood cells. Units: gram/deciliter
Measure: Change in hemoglobin levels Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Hematocrit measures the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood. Units: %
Measure: Change in hematocrit Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Mean cell volume is a measure of the average volume of a red blood corpuscle. Units: femtoliters
Measure: Change in mean cell volume Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Mean cell hemoglobin is the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell in a sample of blood. Units: picograms
Measure: Change in mean cell hemoglobin Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Mean cell hemoglobin concentration is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of blood. Units: %
Measure: Change in mean cell hemoglobin concentration Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Platelet count measures the number of platelets in the blood and determines thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis. Units: platelets/liter
Measure: Change in platelet count Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Red cell distribution width is a measure of the range of variation of red blood cell volume. Units: no units
Measure: Change in red cell distribution width Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Liver function test Units: gram/deciliter
Measure: Change in blood albumin level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Liver function test Units: international units/liter
Measure: Change in serum alkaline phosphatase level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Liver function test Units: international units/liter
Measure: Change in serum aspartate transaminase level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Liver function test Units: international units/liters
Measure: Change in serum alanine aminotransferase level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Kidney function test Units: milligram/deciliter
Measure: Change in blood urea nitrogen levels Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Kidney function test Units: milligram/deciliter
Measure: Change in serum calcium level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Kidney function test Units: millimole/liter
Measure: Change in serum chloride level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Kidney function test Units: millimole/liter
Measure: Change in serum potassium level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Kidney function test Units: gram/deciliter
Measure: Change in serum creatinine level Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: If the patient needs mechanical ventilation for a second time, this information will be collected.
Measure: Date patient is re-intubated or need mechanical ventilation for a second time Time: Up to 10 daysDescription: Time from intensive care unit admission until death or transfer to hospital bed.
Measure: Length of intensive care unit stay Time: Up to 10 daysDescription: Time from hospital admission to discharge from the hospital. This information will be collected.
Measure: The total hospital stay Time: Up to 10 daysDescription: Once the patient feels better and can leave the hospital, he/she will be discharged. The place of discharge (e.g. home, rehab facility, nursing home, etc), time and date will be collected.
Measure: Disposition at discharge Time: Up to 10 daysDescription: Heart rate: is the number of times a person's heart beats per minute
Measure: Change in heart rate Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: milligram
Measure: Change in the dosage of vasopressor medication Time: every 6 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: milligram/deciliter
Measure: Change in total blood cholesterol level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: milligram/deciliter
Measure: Change in blood low-density lipoprotein level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: milligram/deciliter
Measure: Change in blood high-density lipoprotein level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: milligram/deciliter
Measure: Change in blood triglycerides level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Glucose: sugar in blood. Units: millimole/liter
Measure: Change in blood glucose level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Glucagon: hormone release by pancreas that increase concentration of glucose in blood. Units: nanogram/liter
Measure: Change in blood glucagon level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Free fatty acids are fatty acids that are produced from triglycerides and are measure in blood.
Measure: Change in blood free fatty acids level Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Hormone that regulates glucose. Units: insulin units/liter
Measure: Change in blood insulin levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Leptin helps regulate and alter long-term food intake and energy expenditure. Units: nanogram/deciliter
Measure: Change in blood leptin levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: nanomole/liter
Measure: Change in blood insulin like growth factor 1 levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: C-reactive protein is a protein made by the liver that measures inflammation (e.g. pancreatitis). Units: microgram/milliliter
Measure: Change in blood C-reactive protein levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Cytokines are signaling molecules that measure inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood interleukin-1β levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Cytokines are signaling molecules that measure inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood interleukin-6 levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Cytokines are signaling molecules that measure inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood interleukin-18 levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Cytokines are signaling molecules that measure inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood tumor necrosis factor alpha levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Chemokine that mediates inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Chemokine that mediates inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Chemokine that mediates inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Chemokine that mediates inflammation.
Measure: Change in blood B cell-attracting chemokine 1 (CXCL13) levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Ferritin stores iron inside of cells. Units: nanogram/milliliter
Measure: Change in blood ferritin levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: millimole/liter
Measure: Change in blood betahydroxybutyrate levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysDescription: Units: millimole/liter
Measure: Change in blood urine acetoacetate levels Time: At baseline and every 24 hours until the patient is wean off the ventilator or die, whichever came first, assessed up to 10 daysCovid 19 pandemia is causing millions of deaths worldwide. To date, the evidence gathered suggests that the subgroup of patients who present the most serious clinical feature of COVID-19 could have a "cytokine storm syndrome" better defined as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), characterized by acute respiratory distress (ARDS) and septic shock, followed by multi-organ failure due to an excess of cytokines induced by the inflammatory response to the virus. The reduction of phagocytic hyperactivation represents a possible treatment for HLH. Lowering the availability of glucose, the only substrate of aerobic glycolysis and of the Warburg effect in activated macrophages, through the use of ketogenic diets could be a promising solution. Actually diet is not recognized as impacting on the evolution of COVID-19, however, scientific literature data show that a low carbohydrate and high lipid diet (ketogenic diet) can inhibit inflammation and lead to a clinical improvement of respiratory function. The hypothesis of this study is that the administration of a ketogenic diet could improve mortality, lower the access to ICU and the need of NIV. The plan is to enroll 50 patients with COVID 19 infection and administer a 1:4 ketogenic formula during hospitalization in order to verify these outcomes.
Alphabetical listing of all HPO terms. Navigate: Correlations Clinical Trials
Data processed on September 26, 2020.
An HTML report was created for each of the unique drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms associated with COVID-19 clinical trials. Each report contains a list of either the drug, the MeSH terms, or the HPO terms. All of the terms in a category are displayed on the left-hand side of the report to enable easy navigation, and the reports contain a list of correlated drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms. Further, all reports contain the details of the clinical trials in which the term is referenced. Every clinical trial report shows the mapped HPO and MeSH terms, which are also hyperlinked. Related HPO terms, with their associated genes, protein mutations, and SNPs are also referenced in the report.
Drug Reports MeSH Reports HPO Reports