Primary Outcomes

Description: TTCR is defined as the time (in hours) from initiation of study treatment (active or placebo) until normalisation of fever, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, and alleviation of cough, sustained for at least 72 hours, or live hospital discharge, whichever comes first. Normalisation and alleviation criteria: Fever - <37°C, Respiratory rate - ≤24/minute on room air, Oxygen saturation - >94% on room air, Cough - mild or absent on a patient reported scale of severe, moderate, mild, absent.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: baseline SpO2 during screening, PaO2/FiO2 <300mmHg or a respiratory rate ≥ 24 breaths per min without supplemental oxygen

Description: Defined as SPO2≤ 94% on room air or PaO2/FiO2 <300mmHg and requirement for supplemental oxygen or more advanced ventilator support.

Primary Outcomes

Description: The primary endpoint is time to clinical improvement (censored at Day 28), defined as the time (in days) from randomization of study treatment (remdesivir or placebo) until a decline of two categories on a six-category ordinal scale of clinical status (1 ꞊ discharged; 6 ꞊ death) or live discharge from hospital. Six-category ordinal scale: 6. Death; 5. ICU, requiring ECMO and/or IMV; 4. ICU/hospitalization, requiring NIV/ HFNC therapy; 3. Hospitalization, requiring supplemental oxygen (but not NIV/ HFNC); 2. Hospitalization, not requiring supplemental oxygen; 1. Hospital discharge or meet discharge criteria (discharge criteria are defined as clinical recovery, i.e. fever, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation return to normal, and cough relief). Abbreviation: IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, High-flow nasal cannula.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Clinical status, assessed by the ordinal scale at fixed time points (days 7, 14, 21, and 28).

Description: Time to Hospital Discharge OR NEWS2 (National Early Warning Score 2) of ≤ 2 maintained for 24 hours.

Primary Outcomes

Description: Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Blood to evaluate ALT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate AST was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate serum creatinine was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate serum glucose was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate hemoglobin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate platelets was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate PT was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate total bilirubin was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate WBC was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate neutrophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate lymphocytes was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate monocytes was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate basophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: Blood to evaluate eosinophils was collected at Days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while participants were inpatient, and at Days 15 and 29, with the Day 1 assessment serving as baseline. Participants who had been discharged had blood collected if infection control measures allowed for in-person visits after discharge.

Description: The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure. The minimum score is 0, representing the better outcome, and the maximum value is 19, representing the worse outcome.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: Grade 3 AEs are defined as events that interrupt usual activities of daily living, or significantly affects clinical status, or may require intensive therapeutic intervention. Severe events are usually incapacitating. Grade 4 AEs are defined as events that are potentially life threatening.

Description: An SAE is defined as an AE or suspected adverse reaction is considered serious if, in the view of either the investigator or the sponsor, it results in death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

Description: Participants may have been discontinued from investigational therapeutics due to discharge or death. The halting or slowing of the infusion for any reason was collected, as was missed doses in the series of 10 doses.

Description: Duration of hospitalization was determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die.

Description: Duration of new non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen use was measured in days among participants who were not on non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen use at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die

Description: Duration of new oxygen use was measured in days among participants who were not on oxygen at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die .

Description: Duration of new ventilator or ECMO use was measured in days among participants who were not on a ventilator or ECMO at baseline, determined two ways. The first includes imputations for participants who died. The second method is restricted to participants who did not die

Description: New non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen use was determined as the percentage of subject not on non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen at baseline.

Description: The percentage of participants requiring new oxygen use was determined as the percentage of participants not requiring oxygen at baseline

Description: The percentage of participants requiring new ventilator or ECMO use was determined as the percentage not on a ventilator or ECMO at baseline

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. A positive change indicates a worsening and a negative change is an improvement.

Description: The mortality rate was determined as the proportion of participants who died by study Day 15.

Description: The mortality rate was determined as the proportion of participants who died by study Day 29.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 8) Death; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. Time to improvement by at least one category was determined for each participant

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities. Time to improvement by at least two categories was determined for each participant

Description: The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure. The minimum score is 0, representing the better outcome, and the maximum value is 19, representing the worse outcome. The time to discharge or a NEWS of less than or equal to 2 was determined for each participant.

Primary Outcomes

Description: The odds ratio represents the odds of improvement in the ordinal scale between the treatment groups. The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at a given day. Each day, the worst score from the previous day will be recorded. The scale is as follows: 1. Death 2. Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 3. Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. Hospitalized, requiring low flow supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (coronavirus (COVID-19) related or otherwise) 6. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer required ongoing medical care (other than per protocol Remdesivir administration 7. Not hospitalized.

Secondary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Description: The odds ratio represents the odds of improvement in the ordinal scale between the treatment groups. The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at a given day. Each day, the worst score from the previous day will be recorded. The scale is as follows: 1. Death 2. Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 3. Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. Hospitalized, requiring low flow supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (coronavirus (COVID-19) related or otherwise) 6. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer required ongoing medical care (other than per protocol Remdesivir administration 7. Not hospitalized.

Secondary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Description: Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities Not hospitalized, limitation on activities; Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; Death.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Time to an improvement of one category from admission on an ordinal scale. Time to an improvement of two categories from admission on an ordinal scale. Time to discharge (categories 1 or 2 of ordinal scale) from admission. Subject clinical status on an ordinal scale at days 3, 5, 8, 11, and 29. Mean change in the ranking on an ordinal scale from baseline to days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 29 from baseline.

Description: • Change from baseline to days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, and 29 in NEWS.

Description: • Duration of hospitalization (days).

Description: Rate of mortality

Other Outcomes

Description: On Day 1, plasma concentration 4 hours after the first administration (peak), and before the second administration (trough at H12) On Days 3, 5, 8 and 11, trough plasma concentration (before dose administration) while hospitalized

Description: On Day 1, plasma concentration 4 hours after the first administration (peak), and before the second administration (trough at H12) On Days 3, 5, 8 and 11, trough plasma concentration (before dose administration) while hospitalized

Primary Outcomes

Description: All cause in-hospital mortality

Secondary Outcomes

Other Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Description: the estimated number of patients with improvement or mortality

Primary Outcomes

Description: Measured improvement in tissue as measured using FMTVDM

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Extubation

Description: Self explanatory

Primary Outcomes

Description: Study the prognostic factors of the clinical course of patients on Day 15 under treatment with remdesivir. Clinical progress will be categorized using a 7-point ordinal scale.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Explore the prognostic factors of the clinical course of patients on Day 3

Description: Explore the prognostic factors of the clinical course of patients on Day 8

Description: Explore the prognostic factors of the clinical course of patients on Day11

Description: Explore the prognostic factors of the clinical course of patients on D29.

Description: Duration of treatment with remdesivir

Description: PaO2 / FiO2 and artificial ventilation; platelets; bilirubin; average blood pressure and use of vasoactive drugs; Glasgow score; creatinine.

Description: Duration without mechanical ventilation within 29 days of initiation of treatment with remdesivir

Description: Mortality at 29 days after initiation of treatment with remdesivir.

Description: Evaluate the safety of the treatment with cumulative incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs).

Primary Outcomes

Description: Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen and no longer requires ongoing medical care.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: PT reported as international normalized ratio (INR).

Description: The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure.

Description: Grade 3 AEs are defined as events that interrupt usual activities of daily living, or significantly affects clinical status, or may require intensive therapeutic intervention. Severe events are usually incapacitating. Grade 4 AEs are defined as events that are potentially life threatening.

Description: An SAE is defined as an AE or suspected adverse reaction is considered serious if, in the view of either the investigator or the sponsor, it results in death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days

Description: For any reason.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: Date and cause of death (if applicable).

Description: Date and cause of death (if applicable).

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure.

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Description: For participants entering the study already in ICU or on mechanical ventilation, clinical failure is defined as a one-category worsening on the ordinal scale, withdrawal or death.

Other Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Description: Proportion of subjects alive at Day 28 who are not hospitalized or if hospitalized are free of respiratory failure

Description: Number of Adverse Events (AEs) and number & percentage of subjects experiencing AEs after administration of the first dose of study drug

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Change in NIAID 8-point ordinal scale, where 1=Death and 8=Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities

Description: Duration of fever

Description: Number of deaths

Description: Need and duration of mechanical ventilation

Description: Duration of vasopressor support

Description: Duration of oxygen therapy via mechanical ventilation, face mask or nasal cannula

Description: Time to cessation of viral shedding based on absence of SARS-CoV-2 in a PCR based COVID-19 test

Description: Change in SpO2/FiO2

Primary Outcomes

Description: Plasma concentrations will be drawn as follows: (1) for cohorts 1-4 on Day 2, and Day 3, Day 5 is optional; (2) for cohorts 5-7 on Day 2 or Day 3.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at a given day. Each day, the worst score from the previous day will be recorded. The scale is as follows: 1.) Death 2.) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 3.) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4.) Hospitalized, requiring low flow supplemental oxygen 5.) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (coronavirus (COVID-19) related or otherwise) 6.) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer required ongoing medical care (other than per protocol Remdesivir administration) 7.) Not hospitalized.

Description: Confirmed negative PCR is defined by 2 consecutive negative PCR results.

Description: The PEWS is measured by 3 components, including 1.) behavior, 2.) perfusion assessed by capillary refill and heart rate, and 3.) respiratory status assessed by respiratory rate, effort, and oxygen requirement. The score ranges between zero to 9 point, with 9 point representing the highest severity level.

Description: Plasma concentrations will be drawn as follows: (1) for cohorts 1-4 on Day 2, and Day 3, Day 5 is optional; (2) for cohorts 5-7 on Day 2 or Day 3.

Primary Outcomes

Description: Time to achieve durable change in COVID-19 to ordinal level 4 or less for at least 48 hours

Secondary Outcomes

Description: % of COVID-19 level 5 who never progress to COVID-19 level 6/7

Description: Ventilator-free Days

Description: Total grade 3 or higher AEs by arm and total number of patients with grade 3 or higher AEs by arm. ● Total grade 3 or higher AEs of special interest by arm and total number of patients with grade 3 or higher AEs of special interest by arms (based upon lab assessments)

Description: Mortality at 28 days after study enrollment

Primary Outcomes

Description: Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen and no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure.

Description: Grade 3 AEs are defined as events that interrupt usual activities of daily living, or significantly affects clinical status, or may require intensive therapeutic intervention. Severe events are usually incapacitating. Grade 4 AEs are defined as events that are potentially life threatening.

Description: An SAE is defined as an AE or suspected adverse reaction is considered serious if, in the view of either the investigator or the sponsor, it results in death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days.

Description: Measured in days

Description: For any reason.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: Date and cause of death (if applicable).

Description: Date and cause of death (if applicable).

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The ordinal scale is an assessment of the clinical status at the first assessment of a given study day. The scale is as follows: 1) Death; 2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 6) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen - no longer requires ongoing medical care; 7) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 8) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Description: The NEW score has demonstrated an ability to discriminate patients at risk of poor outcomes. This score is based on 7 clinical parameters (respiration rate, oxygen saturation, any supplemental oxygen, temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, level of consciousness). The NEW Score is being used as an efficacy measure.

Description: Day of recovery is defined as the first day on which the subject satisfies one of the following three categories from the ordinal scale: 1) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen and no longer requires ongoing medical care; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities.

Primary Outcomes

Description: death or recovery

Secondary Outcomes

Description: duration in days

Description: duration in days to normalize symptoms and laboratory parameters

Description: Time in days to turn PCR negative

Description: incidence of Post Covid lung fibrosis

Primary Outcomes

Description: Oxygen requirements measured by 7 categories (1 = least severe, 7 = most severe). The participant's highest (i.e. most severe) observed score is used.

Description: Extrapulmonary complications and respiratory dysfunction measured by 7 categories (1= least severe, 7 = most severe). The participant's highest (i.e. most severe) observed score is used.

Description: Sustained recovery defined as being discharged from the index hospitalization, followed by being alive and home for 14 consecutive days prior to Day 90.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Oxygen requirements measured by 7 categories (1 = least severe, 7 = most severe). The participant's highest (i.e. most severe) observed score is used.

Description: Extrapulmonary complications and respiratory dysfunction measured by 7 categories (1= least severe, 7 = most severe). The participant's highest (i.e. most severe) observed score is used.

Description: Total of: Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) scored from 0 to +3; Oxygen saturation (%) scored from 0 to +3; Any supplemental oxygen scored from 0 to +2; Temperature scored from 0 to +3; Systolic BP scored from 0 to +3; Heart rate (beats per minute) scored from 0 to +3.; and AVPU (alert, voice, pain, unresponsive) scored from 0 to +3. A higher score denotes a worse outcome.

Primary Outcomes

Description: The primary objective is to compare the clinical status of patients in each group on day 7 of follow-up using the primary ordinal outcome with 7 mutually exclusive categories: 7. Death 6. End-organ failure 5. Life-threatening end-organ dysfunction 4. Serious end-organ dysfunction 3. Moderate end-organ dysfunction 2. Limiting symptoms due to COVID-19 1. No limiting symptoms due to COVID-19 Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each of 7 categories.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Outcome reported as the percent of participants who expire for any reason by day 28 post treatment.

Description: A secondary outcome is to compare the clinical status of patients in each group on day 3, 5, 14, and 28 of follow-up using the primary ordinal outcome. Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each of 7 categories.

Description: The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is used to determine the degree of illness of a patient and prompt critical care intervention. The score takes into account respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, use of respiratory support, body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. These data are entered into a program to calculate a NEW score. Scores range from -3 to +3 with scores closer to zero representing a lower degree of illness. Scores will be collected at baseline and day 7 and the change in score at these 2 time points will be reported.

Description: Time to worsening is defined as the 3 least favorable categories on the primary ordinal scale. Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who are characterized as categories 5, 6, and 7 on the primary ordinal scale at 7, 14, and 28 days post treatment.

Description: Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who are alive and discharged from the hospital to home or rehabilitation at days 7, 14, and 28 post treatment.

Description: Outcome is reported as the mean number of days alive and outside the hospital from study entry to Day 28 for participants in each arm.

Description: A secondary outcome is to compare the clinical status of patients in each group on day 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 post treatment limited to using the pulmonary elements of the primary ordinal outcome (e.g., requirement for invasive ventilation). Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who fall into each of the 7 categories of the primary ordinal outcome with regard to their pulmonary dysfunction only.

Description: A secondary outcome is to compare the clinical status of patients in each group on day 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 post treatment limited to using the thrombotic conditions (e.g., arterial thrombosis) in the primary ordinal outcome. Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who fall in each of the 7 categories of the primary ordinal outcome with regard to thrombotic conditions only.

Description: Time to recovery is defined as the 2 most favorable categories on the primary ordinal scale. Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who are characterized as categories 1 or 2 at 7, 14, and 28 days post treatment.

Description: Clinical organ dysfunction is defined by new onset of any one or more of the following. Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who meet any 1 of the following criteria by day 28 post treatment. A) Respiratory dysfunction B) Cardiac and vascular dysfunction C) Renal dysfunction D) Hepatic dysfunction E) Neurological dysfunction F) Haematological dysfunction G) Serious infection

Description: Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who experience a new grade 3 or 4 event, a serious adverse event (SAE), or death through day 7 (primary safety endpoint) post treatment.

Description: Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm for who had any grade of reaction during the infusion or within 2 hours afterwards, for whom the infusion is interrupted prior to completion, or for whom the infusion is stopped prior to completion.

Description: Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who experience a serious adverse event (SAE) or death through day 28 post treatment.

Description: Outcome is reported as the percent of participants in each arm who experience an adverse event (AE) of any grade present (new or continuing) on days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post treatment.

Description: Outcome reported as the change in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level in blood from baseline to 1, 3, 7, and 28 days post treatment. Outcome is reported in units of antibody titer.

Primary Outcomes

Description: Clinical improvement of COVID-19 patients by Remdesivir.

Secondary Outcomes

Description: Overall survival of COVID-19 patients after drug administration.

Description: Number of days of hospital admission either in ICU or HDUs till date of discharge

Description: Duration of increased supplemental oxygen requirement from baseline

Primary Outcomes

Description: WHO 7-point ordinal scale: Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities; Not hospitalized, limitation on activities; Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; Death

Secondary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Description: For Arm 1 only; Calculated using non-compartmental methods

Description: For Arm 1 only; Calculated using non-compartmental methods

Description: For Arm 1 only; Calculated using non-compartmental methods

Description: For Arm 1 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 1 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 1 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 1 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 1 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 1 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Description: For Arm 1 only

Secondary Outcomes

Description: For Arm 2 only; Calculated using non-compartmental methods

Description: For Arm 2 only; Calculated using non-compartmental methods

Description: For Arm 2 only; Calculated using non-compartmental methods

Description: For Arm 2 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 2 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 2 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 2 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 2 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Description: For Arm 2 only; Graded according to the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (DAIDS AE Grading Table), Corrected Version 2.1, dated July 2017

Other Outcomes

Description: For women in Arm 1 who received RDV within 5 days of delivery only

Description: For women in Arm 1 who received RDV within 5 days of delivery only

Primary Outcomes

Description: Clinical status assessed using ordinal scale: 1) Not hospitalized, no limitations on activities; 2) Not hospitalized, limitation on activities and/or requiring home oxygen; 3) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen and no longer requires ongoing medical care; 4) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen but requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise); 5) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 6) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 7) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); 8) Death.

Secondary Outcomes