Developed by Shray Alag, The Harker School
Sections: Correlations,
Clinical Trials, and HPO
Navigate: Clinical Trials and HPO
| Name (Synonyms) | Correlation |
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Navigate: Correlations HPO
There is one clinical trial.
There is an immediate need for population-level intervention research to address the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its containment measures on mental health and substance use (MHSU). While online programs are available to address these issues, they are often delivered in an asynchronous format with relatively low therapist or health coaching guidance. As highlighted by a recent systematic review, positive outcomes for online mental health programs are tied to the intensity of therapist or coaching guidance, which increases cost and reduces population access to more effective online options. A way to offset cost while maintaining effectiveness is to offer MHSU programs to groups online, rather than individually. In 2019, the investigators launched an RCT to test gender-stratified group interventions to address MHSU among community-based Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults in southern Alberta. The investigators implemented the interventions with more than 200 adults before the study was paused due to COVID-19.
Description: Participants will be asked to self-report if tobacco use has changed during the pandemic via a 5-point likert. Options range from increased a lot to decreased a lot. If participants indicate their tobacco use has changed, they will be asked to identify the primary reason for this change. Changes in tobacco use will be re-assessed at each time point.
Measure: Changes in Tobacco Use Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Past year alcohol consumption will be assessed through the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Scores on the AUDIT range from 0 to 40; a score over 8 is indicative of problematic or hazardous alcohol use. Changes in alcohol consumption since the beginning of the pandemic will be identified through a 5-point likert. Changes in alcohol use will be re-assessed at each time point.
Measure: Changes in Alcohol Use Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Past year drug use will be assessed through the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). Possible scores on the DUDIT range from 0 to 44; scores greater than 2 or 6 are indicative of risky or harmful drug habits for women and men, respectively. A score of 25 or more suggests the individual is probably heavily dependent on drugs. Participants will also be asked to identify which drugs they currently use, the main reasons for using drugs, and whether their drug use has changed during the pandemic. Changes in drug use will be re-assessed at each time point.
Measure: Changes in Drug Use Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Gambling will be assessed via the 9-item Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). The items are measured on a 5-point likert with frequencies from "less than once a month" to "daily or almost daily". A cut-score ≥5 will be used (lower scores indicative of non-problem gambling); the PGSI has a high internal consistency (α = 0.86) and is considered the measure of choice for non-clinical use.
Measure: Changes in Gambling Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: A revised version of the Primary Care - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 5 (PC-PTSD-5) scale will be assessed to determine experiences of trauma in relation to COVID-19. The scale was revised to specifically ask about COVID-19. Scores range from 0 (no risk) to 5 (high risk). A cut-score of 3 will be used to differentiate high- and low-risk scores. The PC-PTSD has good sensitivity (r = 0.78) and sensitivity (r = 0.87).
Measure: Changes in Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Depression will be screened using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). The CES-D-10 is a short self-report scale to measure depressive symptoms in a general population. Psychometric evaluation has shown the CES-D-10 to have high internal consistency, though with variability across populations (Cronbach's α = 0.71 to 0.90) and good construct validity (r = 0.78).
Measure: Changes in Depression Symptoms Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: The 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) will be used to measure anxiety reflective of both adverse situations (state anxiety) and personality traits associated with higher levels of anxiety (trait anxiety). STAI-6 produces scores like its longer 20-item version, showing good reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.82) with sensitivity to differing degrees of anxiety. Possible scores range from 20 to 80; "normal scores" range from 34 to 36. Higher scores represent higher amount of anxiety.
Measure: Changes in Anxiety Symptoms Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Changes in eating behaviours will be assessed by questions asking if food consumption and unhealthy food consumption have changed since the onset of the pandemic via a 5-point likert scale (increased a lot to decreased a lot). If participants indicate they have changed their food consumption, a qualitative question will ask them to describe why they think their behaviour has changed.
Measure: Changes in Eating Behaviour Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Participants will be asked to rate how the quantity and quality of their sleep has changed since the pandemic started via 5-point likert scales (increased a lot to decreased a lot).
Measure: Changes in Sleeping Behaviour Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Physical activity will be assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form. The questionnaire asks about frequency and duration of vigorous (VPA) and moderate physical activity (MPA) over the past 7 days. Weekly Metabolic Equivalents (MET) minutes will be calculated based on responses. Participants will be categorized into high (>1500 MET min/week with 3+ days of VPA or >3000 METmin/week with 7+ days of MVPA); medium (5+ days of 20+ minutes of VPA per day, 5+ days with 30+ minutes of MPA per day, or 5+ days of MVPA that achieves 600+ MET min/week); low (participant does not meet other cut points). Frequency and duration of walking and sitting time are also assessed. The IPAQ has good reliability and criterion validity. Participants will also be asked if their PA and sedentary behaviour levels have changed during the pandemic (5-point likert; options: increased a lot to decreased a lot).
Measure: Changes in Physical Activity Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) is a widely used measure to assess self-perceived resilience. Evaluations of the CD-RISC 10 have shown good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.85), a strong positive association with the longer 25-item CD-RISC (r = 0.92). Scores range from 0 to 40; a higher score is indicative of higher resilience.
Measure: Changes in Resilience Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Self-esteem will be measured using the 10-item Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. The scale is a widely used measure that correlates well with other measures of self-esteem and has strong internal consistency (0.92) and test-retest reliability (0.88). Scores range from 4 to 40; a higher score indicates higher self esteem. Participants will also be asked how their self-esteem has changed since the beginning of the pandemic.
Measure: Changes in Self-Esteem Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Loneliness will be evaluated using a shortened (3 item) version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale. This scale asks about feelings of companionship, being left out, and being isolated from others in the last month, with a 3-item list of answer options (hardly ever, some of the time, often). This scale has good reliability (r = 0.73), validity, and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84-0.94). The scale also showed convergent validity with other commonly used measures of loneliness. Scores range from 1 to 9; higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness.
Measure: Changes in Loneliness Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: The Brief Dissociative Experiences Scale is an 8-item tool that assesses the severity of dissociative experiences in adults. The scale items are summed and averaged to describe the severity of dissociative experiences as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3), or extreme (4). The brief scale was found to be reliable, easy to use, and clinically useful in the DSM-5 Field Trials. Scores range from 0 to 32; a higher score indicates a greater severity of dissociative experiences.
Measure: Changes in Dissociative Experiences Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Coping strategies and perceived ability to cope during the pandemic will be assessed through four self-reported questions. Participants will be asked how well they are coping with the pandemic on a 5-point likert, options will range from 'excellent' to 'poor'. Participants will be asked to identify things that are helping them to cope from a list of 18 items. Current life satisfaction will be assessed with a single question with options ranging from "very satisfied" to "very dissatisfied". Participants will also be asked to identify up to 3 things they wish they could change right now in their life.
Measure: Changes in Coping Strategies Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpDescription: Participants will be asked to self-report feelings of belonging to their local and work communities. They will also be asked to self-report changes to the quality or stress associated with their romantic relationships and the presence of abuse.
Measure: Changes in Relationships and Belonging Time: Baseline, Mid-point (4-weeks), Post-intervention (8-weeks), 3-month Follow UpAlphabetical listing of all HPO terms. Navigate: Correlations Clinical Trials
Data processed on September 26, 2020.
An HTML report was created for each of the unique drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms associated with COVID-19 clinical trials. Each report contains a list of either the drug, the MeSH terms, or the HPO terms. All of the terms in a category are displayed on the left-hand side of the report to enable easy navigation, and the reports contain a list of correlated drugs, MeSH, and HPO terms. Further, all reports contain the details of the clinical trials in which the term is referenced. Every clinical trial report shows the mapped HPO and MeSH terms, which are also hyperlinked. Related HPO terms, with their associated genes, protein mutations, and SNPs are also referenced in the report.
Drug Reports MeSH Reports HPO Reports